Greek Architecture

Greek architecture, developed between 1000 BC and 100 BC, is characterized by harmony, proportion, and order, with notable structures including temples, theaters, and agoras. It features three architectural orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, with the Parthenon being a prime example of Doric architecture. The influence of Greek architecture extended throughout the Mediterranean and significantly impacted Roman architecture and neoclassical designs worldwide.

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Greek Architecture

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Greek Architecture

• Greek architecture developed between 1000 BC and 100 BC, and is known for its
emphasis on harmony, proportion, and order.

• The Greeks built various public structures, including temples, theaters, stoas (covered
walkways), agoras (marketplaces), and stadiums.

• Architecture reflected their belief in ideal beauty, humanism, and the importance of
civic life.

• Three architectural orders were developed:

o Doric: The oldest and simplest order; heavy, fluted columns with no base and a
plain capital.

o Ionic: Identified by volutes (spiral scrolls) on the capital; more slender and
elegant.

o Corinthian: The most decorative, with an elaborate capital adorned with acanthus
leaves.

• Greek temples were often rectangular, built on a raised platform (stylobate), and
surrounded by columns (peristyle).

• The central part of the temple was called the cella or naos, where the statue of the deity
was placed.

• The Parthenon in Athens is the most famous example of Doric temple architecture,
dedicated to Athena.

• Greek builders used optical illusions such as:

o Entasis: A slight bulge in columns to correct the illusion of concavity.

o Curved stylobates and inward-leaning columns for aesthetic harmony.

• Materials used included limestone, marble, and terracotta roof tiles.

• Roofs were sloped, with decorative elements like antefixes and acroteria.
• Interiors were typically plain; artistic detail was focused on the exterior sculpture,
especially on the frieze and pediments.

• Greek theaters, like the one at Epidaurus, were open-air and used the natural slope of
hillsides.

• These theaters had excellent acoustics and could seat thousands of spectators.

• Public buildings like stoas served as gathering spaces and walkways protected from the
sun.

• Greek architecture spread across the Mediterranean, influencing colonies in Italy, Asia
Minor, and North Africa.

• Over time, Greek architecture heavily influenced Roman architecture, particularly in

the use of columns and spatial organization.

• The legacy of Greek architecture is evident in neoclassical buildings around the world,
such as government buildings, museums, and monuments.

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Greek Architecture

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Greek Architecture

• Three architectural orders were developed:

• Greek builders used optical illusions such as:

o Entasis: A slight bulge in columns to correct the illusion of concavity.

o Curved stylobates and inward-leaning columns for aesthetic harmony.

• Materials used included limestone, marble, and terracotta roof tiles.

• Over time, Greek architecture heavily influenced Roman architecture, particularly in

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