Name ________________________________ Period _______ Date _______________________
___/25 Points
Unit 5 Gene Expression, Gene Regulation, and Viruses Study Guide
Directions: Complete this study guide to prepare for the Unit 5 Test. Use your notes, assignments, and laboratory
investigations to answer the questions below.
Review Bacterial Transformation Lab, Chapter 14 SSE, Chapter 15 SSE, and Chapter 16 SSE, other class assignments, and
class notes.
Review lecture notes, virus project notes, and genetics quizzes.
The test will include content from chapters 14-18.
1. Identify and DESCRIBE THREE examples of modifications of the primary transcript to make mRNA in eukaryotes.
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2. Do prokaryotes do RNA processing? Would a prokaryote cut introns out if they get a gene from a eukaryote?
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3. Describe the process of transcription and translation. How are transcription factors, mRNA, RNA polymerase, tRNA,
codons, anticodons, amino acids and the cytoplasm involved in this process?
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4. Where do transcription and translation occur in prokaryotes? In eukaryotes?
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5. In DNA, A pairs with ______ and C pairs with _________ in double stranded DNA. Note that in viruses, the genome may
be made of DNA or RNA and can be either single or double stranded. If it is single stranded DNA then the first
statement above will likely not be true. If it contains RNA, then T will be replaced by ____.
6. If a DNA template sequence reads 5’ GTCCGTCCTC 3’, then:
(1) What is the complementary DNA sequence? _____________________________________
(2) What mRNA sequence would result from the above DNA template sequence? _______________________
(3) What is the amino acid sequence? ____________________________________
Name ________________________________ Period _______ Date _______________________
7. What is a codon? An anticodon? What molecule has codons and what molecule has anticodons?
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8. Prokaryotic gene regulation: Draw a picture of the lac operon. Be sure to include the lac genes, inducer, repressor,
operon, promoter, and operator.
9. In the diagram of the trp operon below are the genes turned ON or OFF? Explain.
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10. Next to each labeled part in the diagram below, describe its role in eukaryotic gene regulation.
11. How do eukaryotes regulate which genes are expressed? What are transcription factors? What does the TATA
box do? What does the promoter do? What does RNA polymerase do? How does RNAi help an organism
regulate which genes are expressed? _____________________________________________________________
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Name ________________________________ Period _______ Date _______________________
12. Why is it that in one human a nerve cells looks very different from a skin cell, yet they have the exact genetic
information? ____________________________________________________________________________________
13. IDENDIFY the THREE ways that DNA can enter a bacterium (see 24.3).
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14. COMPARE and CONTRAST different types of small-scale mutations – nucleotide-pair substitution and nucleotide-pair
insertion or deletion.
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15. COMPARE and CONTRAST missense, nonsense, and silent mutations ________________________________________
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16. Define the following terms:
a. Ampicillin: ___________________________________________________________________________
b. Transcription factor: ___________________________________________________________________
c. RNA polymerase: _____________________________________________________________________
d. Arabinose: ___________________________________________________________________________
17. Describe how the pGLO plasmid works. What would be the most likely result of a mutation within the bla gene?
18. Briefly summarize the results you observed in the bacterial transformation lab and why.
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Name ________________________________ Period _______ Date _______________________
19. COMPARE and CONTRAST tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes: ____________________________
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20. Define homeotic genes: _________________________________________________________________________
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21. Define hox genes: _________________________________________________________________________
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22. What is the function of reverse transcriptase? Which viruses have them?
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23. What are the components of a virus? Are viruses living? Explain. __________________________________________
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24. Identify THREE ways that new or emerging viruses come into existence?
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25. A human pandemic is _______________________________________________________________________________
