Dr. D. Y.

Patil Group of Institutions’ Technical Campus

EXPERIMENT NO.2

1. TITLE: Simulating various Networks (LAN, WAN) using relevant network devices on
Simulator.
2. OBJECTIVE: To understand basic command line operation with Linux operating system
and network configuration, testing and verification.

3. AIM: Networking commands

a) Ping
b) ipconfig & ipconfig /all
c) Host name
d) tracert
e) netstat
f) NSlookup.
4. SOFTWARE USED: command Prompt

5. THEORY:

1. Ping:

The ping command sends an echo request to a host available on the network. Using this
command, you can check if your remote host is responding well or not. Tracking and
isolating hardware and software problems. Determining the status of the network and various
foreign hosts. The ping command is usually used as a simple way to verify that a computer
can communicate over the network with another computer or network device. The ping
command operates by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request
messages to the destination computer and waiting for a response # ping172.16.6.2
2. ipconfig:

The IPConfig command is one of the more useful basic Windows network commands
everyone should know and use to troubleshoot problems. The IPConfig command displays basic
IP address configuration information for the Windows device you are working on. In fact, the
command will display information for every network adapter that has ever been installed on
your Windows 10 computer.

To run the basic command, at the prompt type:

The general information includes IP Addresses for both IPv4 and IPv6, the Default Gateway,
and the Subnet Mask. Adding the parameter /all to the command will display DNS Server
information and details concerning IP Address leases.

Check out Microsoft Docs for a more advanced look at the IP Config command and its variables
and switches.
3. HostName

The Windows 10 HostName network command will simply display the current name of your
Windows 10 computer (Figure B). This is the name your computer uses to identify itself to
the other devices and servers on your local network. You can find this name in the System
information screen in the GUI, but this command is quicker.
4. tracert:

Tracert uses Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo packets with variable time to live
(TTL) values. Tracert is a network diagnostic tool used to track the pathway taken by a packet on an
IP network from source to destination. Tracert also records the time taken for each hop the packet
makes during its route to the destination. Tracert uses Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo
packets with variable time to live (TTL) values.
The response time of each hop is calculated. To guarantee accuracy, each hop is queried multiple
times (usually three times) to better measure the response of that particular hop. Tracert sends
packets with TTL values that gradually increase from packet to packet, starting with TTL value of
one. Routers decrement TTL values of packets by one when routing and discard packets whose TTL
value has reached zero, returning the ICMP error message ICMP Time Exceeded. For the first set of
packets, the first router receives the packet, decrements the TTL value and drops the packet because
it then has TTL value zero. The router sends an ICMP Time Exceeded message back to the source.
The next set of packets are given a TTL value of two, so the first router forwards the packets, but the
second router drops them and replies with ICMP Time Exceeded.
Proceeding in this way, tracert uses the returned ICMP Time Exceeded messages to build a list of
routers that packets traverse, until the destination is reached and returns an ICMP Echo Reply
message. With the tracert command shown above, we're asking tracert to show us the path from the
local computer all the way to the network device with the hostname www.google.com.

#tracert google.com
5. Netstat
Netstat is a common command line TCP/IP networking available in most versions of
Windows, Linux, UNIX and other operating systems. Netstat provides information and statistics
about protocols in use and current TCP/IP network connections. The Windows help screen
(analogous to a Linux or UNIX for Netstat reads as follows:
Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections.
#netstat

6. Nslookup:
The nslookup (which stands for name server lookup) command is a network utility program
used to obtain information about internet servers. It finds name server information for domains by
querying the Domain Name System.
The nslookup command is a powerful tool for diagnosing DNS problems. You know you're
experiencing a DNS problem when you can access a resource by specifying its IP address but not its
DNS name.
Conclusion: