*
Theoryofmul t
ipl
ei nt
elli
genceswasf i
rst
proposedbyHowar dGar dnerinhi s1983
book“ Fr
amesofMi nd”,wherehe
broadensthedefinit
ionofi nt
ell
igence
andoutli
nesseveraldisti
ncttypesof
int
ell
ect
ualcompet enci
es.
Gardnerdev el
opedaser i
esofeight
i
nclusioncri
teri
awhi leeval
uati
ngeach
"
candidate”i
ntell
igencethatwasbased
onav ar
iet
yofsci enti
fi
cdisci
pli
nes.
Hewr i
test
hatwemayal lhavethese
int
ell
igences,
butourprofi
leofthese
i
ntel
li
gencemaydi f
feri
ndiv
iduall
ybased
ongeneti
csorexperi
ence.
Gardnerdef i
nesint
ell
igenceasa
“
biopsychologicalpot
enti
altopr ocess
i
nformationthatcanbeact ivatedina
culturalset
tingtosolveproblemsor
createproduct st
hatareofv alueina
cul
ture”(Gardner,
2000, p.
28) .
*
.
*
1Li
ngui
sti
cInt
ell
igence(
“wor
dsmar
t”)
*
Li
nguisti
cIntell
i
gencei
sapar tofHowar dGar dner
'smult
ipl
eint
ell
i
gencet heor
ythatdeal
s
wit
hsensiti
vitytot
hespokenandwrit
tenlanguage,abi
l
ityt
olear
nlanguages,andcapaci
tyt
o
uselanguagetoaccompli
shcert
aingoal
s.
Peoplewit
hli
nguist
ici
ntel
li
gence,suchasWi l
li
am ShakespeareandOprahWinfrey
,havean
abi
li
tytoanal
yzeinf
ormati
onandcr eat
eproductsi
nvol
vingoralandwri
tt
enlanguagesuchas
speeches,
books,
andmemos.
Pot
ent
ial
Car
eerChoi
ces
Car
eer
syoucoul
ddominat
ewi
thy
ourl
i
ngui
sti
cint
ell
i
gence:
Lawy
er
Speaker/Host
Aut
hor
Jour
nal
i
st
Cur
ator
*
2Logical
-Mathemat
icalI
ntel
l
igence
(
“number/r
easoni
ngsmar t
”)*
Logi
cal
-mat
hemat
icali
ntel
li
genceref
erstothecapacit
ytoanalyz
epr
obl
emsl
ogi
cal
l
y,car
ry
outmat
hemati
cal
operat
ions,andi
nvest
igat
eissuessci
ent
if
ical
l
y.
Peoplewit
hlogical
-mat
hemati
cali
ntell
i
gence,suchasAlbertEi
nst
einandBillGates,hav
ean
abi
li
tytodevel
opequati
onsandproofs,makecalcul
ati
ons,
andsolveabst
ractproblems.
Pot
ent
ial
Car
eerChoi
ces
Car
eer
syoucoul
ddominat
ewi
thy
ourl
ogi
cal
-mat
hemat
ical
int
ell
i
gence:
Mat
hemat
ici
an
Account
ant
St
ati
sti
cian
Sci
ent
ist
Comput
erAnal
yst
*
3Spat
ialI
ntel
li
gence(
“pi
ctur
esmar
t”)
*
Spati
alint
ell
igencefeat
urest hepotent
ialtorecogni
zeandmani pul
atet hepat
t ernsofwide
space(thoseused,forinstance,bynav i
gator
sandpi l
ots)aswellast hepatternsofmor e
confi
nedareas,suchast hoseofi mportancetosculpt
ors,sur
geons,chessplay ers,gr
aphi
c
art
ist
s,orarchit
ect
s.
Peoplewi
thspati
alint
ell
i
gence,suchasFrankLl
oydWr i
ghtandAmeliaEarhar
t,hav
ean
abi
li
tytor
ecogni
zeandmanipul
atelar
ge-
scal
eandf
ine-
grai
nedspat
ial
images.
Pot
ent
ial
Car
eerChoi
ces
Car
eer
syoucoul
ddominat
ewi
thy
ourspat
ial
int
ell
i
gence:
Pi
l
ot
Sur
geon
Ar
chi
tect
Gr
aphi
cAr
ti
st
I
nter
iorDecor
ator
*
4Bodi
l
y-Ki
nest
het
icI
ntel
l
igence(
“bodysmar
t”)
*
Bodi
l
ykinest
heti
cint
ell
i
genceist
hepot
enti
alofusi
ngone’swhol
ebodyorpar
tsoft
hebody
(l
i
kethehandorthemouth)t
osol
vepr
oblemsortofashi
onpr
oduct
s.
Peopl
ewi t
hbodi
ly
-ki
nest
het
ici
ntel
l
igence,
suchasMi chaelJor
danandSimoneBiles,
havean
abi
li
tytouseone’
sownbodyt ocreateproduct
s,perf
orm ski
ll
s,orsol
veprobl
emst hr
ough
mind–bodyuni
on.
Pot
ent
ial
Car
eerChoi
ces
Car
eer
syoucoul
ddominat
ewi
thy
ourbodi
l
y-ki
nest
het
ici
ntel
l
igence:
Dancer
At
hlet
e
Sur
geon
Mechani
c
Car
pent
er
Phy
sical
Ther
api
st
*
5Musi
calI
ntel
l
igence(
“musi
csmar
t”)
*
Musi
calint
ell
igencer
efer
stot
heski
l
lint
heper
for
mance,composi
ti
on,andappr
eci
ati
onof
musi
calpatt
erns.
Peoplewithmusicali
ntel
li
gence,suchasBeet
hovenandEdSheer
an,hav
eanabi
l
ityt
o
recogni
zeandcr
eatemusicalpi
tch,
rhyt
hm,t
imbr
e,andt
one.
Pot
ent
ial
Car
eerChoi
ces
Car
eer
syoucoul
ddominat
ewi
thy
ourmusi
cal
int
ell
i
gence:
Si
nger
Composer
DJ
Musi
ci
an
*
6Int
erper
sonal
Int
ell
i
gence(
“peopl
esmar
t”)
*
I
nter
personalintel
l
igenceisthecapaci t
yto underst
and theint
ent
ions,mot
ivat
ions,and
desi
resofotherpeopleandconsequent
lytowor
keffecti
vel
ywithot
her
s.
Peopl
ewi t
hinter
personali
ntel
l
igence,suchasMahatmaGandhiandMot herTer
esa,havean
abi
li
tyt orecogniz
e and under st
and otherpeopl
e’s moods,desi
res,mot i
vat
ions,and
i
ntent
ions.
Pot
ent
ial
Car
eerChoi
ces
Car
eer
syoucoul
ddominat
ewi
thy
ouri
nter
per
sonal
int
ell
i
gence:
Teacher
Psy
chol
ogi
st
Manager
Sal
espeopl
e
Publ
i
cRel
ati
ons
*
7Int
raper
sonal
Int
ell
igence(
“sel
fsmar
t”)
*
Int
raper
sonali
ntel
ligenceisthecapaci
tytounderst
andoneself
,tohav
eaneffect
iveworki
ng
modelofoneself-
includi
ngown’sdesir
es,f
ears,andcapaci
ti
es—andtousesuchi
nformati
on
eff
ecti
vel
yinregul
at i
ngone’sownlif
e.
Peoplewit
hint
raper
sonali
ntel
l
igence,suchasAr
ist
otl
eandMayaAngelou,haveanabil
i
tyt
o
recogni
zeandunder
standhi
sorherownmoods, desi
res,
mot
ivat
ions,
andintent
ions.
Thi
stypeofint
ell
igencecanhel
paper
sont
ounder
standwhi
chl
i
fegoal
sar
eimpor
tantand
howtoachi
evethem.
Pot
ent
ial
Car
eerChoi
ces
Car
eer
syoucoul
ddominat
ewi
thy
ouri
ntr
aper
sonal
int
ell
i
gence:
Ther
api
st
Psy
chol
ogi
st
Counsel
or
Ent
repr
eneur
Cl
ergy
*
8Nat
ural
isti
ntel
l
igence(
“nat
uresmar
t”)
*
Naturali
sti
cintel
li
gence inv olves expert
ise i
nthe recogniti
on and cl
assi
fi
cation ofthe
numer ousspeci
es—t hefl
or aandf auna—ofhisorherenvi
ronment.
Peoplewi t
hnatur
alisti
cintell
igence,suchasCharlesDarwinandJaneGoddall
, hav
eanabi l
it
y
toidenti
fyanddisti
nguishamongdi ff
erentty
pesofplants,ani
mals,andweatherformati
ons
thatarefoundinthenatural world.
Pot
ent
ial
Car
eerChoi
ces
Car
eer
syoucoul
ddomi
nat
ewi
thy
ournat
ural
i
sti
ntel
l
igence:
Bot
ani
st
Bi
ologi
st
Ast
ronomer
Met
eor
ologi
st
Geol
ogi
st
Crit
icalEv al
uati
on
Mostoft heresi
stancetomul t
ipl
eint
elli
gencestheoryhascomefrom cognit
ivepsychol
ogi
sts
andpsy chomet r
ici
ans.Cognitiv
epsy chol
ogist
ssuchasWat erhouse( 2006)claimedthat
thereisnoempi r
icalev
idencetothevali
dit
yofthet heor
yofmult
iplei
ntel
li
gences.
