1020234440 L T P C
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
PRACTICUM 1 0 4 3
Introduction:
Sensors are needed to measure (sense) unknown signals and parameters of an engineering
system and its environment. Essentially, sensors are needed to monitor and learn about the
system. Sensor is a device that when exposed to a physical phenomenon (temperature,
displacement, force, etc.) produces a proportional output signal (electrical, mechanical,
magnetic, etc.). Actuators are needed to drive a plant. A diploma holder when employed in
automated industrial process controls will be required to know the basics of Sensors and
Actuators.
Course Objectives:
The objective of this course is to enable the student to
● Explain the types and working of various types of sensors.
● Practice with temperature sensor, proximity sensor, LVDT and Light Sensors.
● Describe the functions of Linear and Rotary Electrical actuators.
● Describe the functions of Electrical, Pneumatic and Hydraulic actuators.
● Practice with interfacing of Arduino compatible sensors and actuator with Arduino.
Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course, the student will be able to
CO1: Describe the working of Resistive, Inductive, Temperature and Light Sensors.
CO2: Interface and observe the behaviour of Proximity sensors with relay and buzzer.
CO3: Construct the circuit and observe the behaviour of the solid state electronic
actuator.
CO4: Describe the working of Electrical, Pneumatic and Hydraulic actuators.
CO5: Demonstrate the applications of Arduino compatible sensors and actuators.
Pre-requisites:
Applied Physics, Basic Electrical and Mechanical Engineering.
DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CHENNAI – 600 025
2023 REGULATION
DME 93
1020234440 L T P C
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
PRACTICUM 1 0 4 3
CO/PO Mapping
CO / PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7
CO1 3 1 2 2
CO2 3 1 2 2
CO3 3 1 2 2
CO4 3 1 2 2
CO5 3 1 2 2
Legend: 3-High Correlation, 2-Medium Correlation, 1-Low Correlation
Instructional Strategy:
● It is advised that teachers take steps to pique pupils' attention and boost their
curiosity to learn.
● Implement task-based learning activities where students work on specific tasks or
projects.
● Incorporate technology tools and resources, such as online platforms, interactive
multimedia, and virtual communication tools, to enhance engagement and provide
additional practice opportunities.
● Incorporate formative and summative assessments to gauge student progress and
provide targeted feedback.
● Throughout the course, a theory-demonstrate-practice-activity strategy may be used to
ensure that learning is outcome and employability based.
● All demonstrations/Hand-on practices may be followed in the real environment as far
as possible.
DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CHENNAI – 600 025
2023 REGULATION
DME 94
1020234440 L T P C
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
PRACTICUM 1 0 4 3
Assessment Methodology:
Continuous Assessment (40 marks) End
Semester
CA1 CA2 CA3 CA4 Examination
(60 marks)
Mode Practical Practical Written Test Practical Practical
Test Test Theory Test Examination
Portion Cycle I Cycle II All All
All Units
Experiments Experiments Experiments Experiments
Duration 2 Periods 2 Periods 3 Hours 3 Hours 3 hours
Exam Marks 60 60 100 100 100
Converted to
10 10 15 15 60
Marks
Marks 10 15 15 60
Tentative
7th Week 14th Week 15th Week 16th Week
Schedule
Note:
● CA1 and CA2: All the exercises/experiments should be completed as per the portions
above and kept for the practical test. The students shall be permitted to select any one
by lot for the test. The practical test should be conducted as per the scheme of
evaluation as below. The marks awarded shall be converted to 10 Marks for each
assessment test. Best of one will be considered for the internal assessment of 10
Marks.
Practical documents should be maintained for every experiment immediately after
completion of the practice. The practical document should be submitted for the practical
test. The same should be evaluated for 10 Marks for each exercise/experiment. The total
marks awarded should be converted to 10 Marks for the practical test as per the scheme
of evaluation as below.
DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CHENNAI – 600 025
2023 REGULATION
DME 95
1020234440 L T P C
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
PRACTICUM 1 0 4 3
The details of the documents to be prepared as per the instruction below.
Each experiment should be completed on the day of practice. The same shall be
evaluated for 10 marks on the day or next day of practice before commencement of the
next experiment.
This documentation can be carried out in a separate notebook or a printed manual or a
file with documents. The student should draw the Circuit Diagram and take readings, do
calculations and prepare the Graph/Result manually in the documents.
The detailed date of the practices and its evaluations should be maintained in the course
logbook. The log book and the practical documents should be submitted for the
verification by the Flying Squad and DOTE Official.
SCHEME OF EVALUATION
PART DESCRIPTION MARKS
A Aim & Apparatus Required 5
B Circuit Diagram 20
C Connections and Execution 25
TOTAL 50
D Practical Documents (As per the portions) 10
Total Marks 60
Cycle I: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Cycle II: 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.
● CA 3: Written Test for complete theory portions should be conducted for 100 Marks as
per the question pattern below. The marks scored will be converted to 15 Marks for
internal assessment.
DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CHENNAI – 600 025
2023 REGULATION
DME 96
1020234440 L T P C
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
PRACTICUM 1 0 4 3
Question pattern – Written Test Theory
Description Marks
Part – A 30 MCQ Questions. 30 X 1 Mark 30 Marks
Part – B 7 Questions to be answered out of 10 7 X 10 Marks 70 Marks
Questions.
TOTAL 100 Marks
● CA 4: All the exercises/experiments should be completed and kept for the practical test.
The students shall be permitted to select any one by lot for the test. The practical test
should be conducted as per the scheme of evaluation below. After completion of all
the exercises the practical test should be conducted as per End Semester Examination
question pattern scheme of evaluation. The marks awarded should be converted to 15
Marks for the internal assessment.
SCHEME OF EVALUATION
Model Practical Examination and End Semester Examination - Practical Exam
PART DESCRIPTION MARKS
A Aim & Apparatus Required 5
B Circuit Diagram 20
C Connections and Execution 25
D Output / Result 10
E Written Test (Theory Portions) 30
F Viva Voce 10
TOTAL 100
Note: For the written test 30 MCQ shall be asked from the theory portions.
DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CHENNAI – 600 025
2023 REGULATION
DME 97
1020234440 L T P C
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
PRACTICUM 1 0 4 3
Syllabus Contents
Theory Portion
UNIT I: SENSORS Period
Resistance, Inductance and Capacitive Sensors: Definition – Classification of 8
Sensors/Transducers - Elements of measurement system – Primary Sensing
Elements (Bellows, Bourdon Tube) - Potentiometer - Linear potentiometer – Rotary
potentiometer - Load Cell – Strain Gauge Load Cell - Linear Variable Differential
Transformer (LVDT) – Rotary - Variable Differential Transformer (RVDT) – DC
Tachogenerator – AC Tachogenerator - Principles of Capacitive Sensors – Hall
effect sensor.
Temperature Sensors: Thermocouple – Resistance Temperature Detector
–Thermistor - Infrared (IR) thermometer.
Proximity Sensors: Inductive Proximity Sensor – Capacitive Proximity Sensor -
Photoelectric Proximity Sensor - Ultrasonic Proximity Sensor - Basic Reed Switch.
Light Sensor: Photodiode – Phototransistor – Photoconductive Cell - Photovoltaic
Cells - Bar Code Reader - Shaft Encoders - Encoder Types (Incremental Encoder,
Absolute Encoder) - Optical Shaft Encoder - Photoelectric Tachometer.
Arduino Compatible Sensor : Voltage Sensor – Current Sensor – LM35 Sensor -
Ultrasonic Sensor - Force Sensor – Moisture Sensor – Gas Sensor.
Practical Exercises:
Ex.No Name of the Experiment Period
1. TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT 4
Activities to Perform:
i) Construct a circuit to measure Temperature of Liquid using
Thermistor or Thermocouple or RTD.
ii) Also find the graphical relationship between input and output.
DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CHENNAI – 600 025
2023 REGULATION
DME 98
1020234440 L T P C
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
PRACTICUM 1 0 4 3
2. BEHAVIOUR OF PROXIMITY SENSORS 4
Activities to Perform:
i) Observe the behaviour of Inductive proximity sensor and
Capacitive Proximity sensor for different material samples.
ii) Interface relay and buzzer with sensors to test the output.
3. LVDT 4
Activities to Perform:
i) Construct a circuit for Measurement of Linear Displacement
using LVDT.
ii) Find the graphical relationship between input and output.
4. PERFORMANCE OF LIGHT SENSOR 4
Activities to Perform:
i) Construct a circuit to obtain the VI characteristics and Response
Characteristics of Photoconductive Cell (LDR).
ii) Construct a circuit to measure the speed of the motor using
Optical Sensor.
5. PERFORMANCE OF ULTRASONIC AND MOISTURE SENSORS 4
Activities to Perform:
i) Interface Ultrasonic sensor with Arduino and measure the
distance of the object.
ii) Interface Moisture sensor with Arduino and measure the moisture
content in the soil.
DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CHENNAI – 600 025
2023 REGULATION
DME 99
1020234440 L T P C
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
PRACTICUM 1 0 4 3
UNIT II: ACTUATORS
Electrical Actuators: General aspects - Switching Devices – Mechanical Switches 7
(Push button – SPST –SPDT – Limit Switch – Solenoid – Relays) – Solid State
switches (Diode, Transistor and Thyristor) – DC Motors – AC Motors – Stepper
Motors – Servo Motors.
Pneumatic Actuators: Introduction – Components of a Pneumatic Systems
–Linear actuators – Construction and working of Single acting and Double acting
cylinders - Rotary Actuators – Air Motors – Types of Air Motors - Piston type Motor,
Vane Motor, Turbine Motor - Applications of Air Motors.
Hydraulic Actuators: Hydraulic Power Supply - Components of Hydraulic system -
Linear actuators - Construction and working of Single acting and Double acting
cylinders – Applications of Hydraulic Cylinders - Some example mechanism driven
by an Hydraulic cylinders - Rotary Actuators – Hydraulic Motors – Advantages and
Applications of Hydraulic Motors.
Practical Exercises:
Ex.No Name of the Experiment Period
6. OBSERVE THE BEHAVIOUR OF TRANSISTOR AS A SWITCH 4
Activities to Perform:
i) Construct a circuit to get ON/OFF control on DC Motor using
Push Button, SPST, SPDT and Limit Switch.
ii) Construct a circuit to get ON/OFF control on DC Motor using
Transistor and Relay.
7. FORWARD AND REVERSE CONTROL OF AC MOTOR 4
Activities to Perform:
i) Connect Forward Reverse Control switch to change the direction
of rotation of three phase induction motor.
ii) Demonstrate the Forward and Reverse operation of Motor.
DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CHENNAI – 600 025
2023 REGULATION
DME 100
1020234440 L T P C
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
PRACTICUM 1 0 4 3
iii) Measure the No-Load current in each phase using Tongue tester
(Clamp Meter).
8. PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT FOR DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER 4
Activities to Perform:
i) Construct a Pneumatic Circuit to control double acting pneumatic
cylinder using 5/2 Solenoid Valve.
ii) Discuss the behaviour of cylinder as linear actuator.
9. OBSERVE THE BEHAVIOUR OF HYDRAULIC MOTOR 4
Activities to Perform:
i) Construct a Hydraulic Circuit to control Hydraulic Motor.
ii) Observe the behaviour of Hydraulic Motor.
10. SERVO MOTOR CONTROL WITH AN ARDUINO 4
Activities to Perform:
i) Construct an Arduino based circuit to sweeps the shaft of servo
motor back and forth across 180 degree.
ii) Interface potentiometer with Arduino and based on its position
get the control of servo motor shaft.
Revision + Test + Practice 20
Total 75
Suggested List of Students Activity:
1. Activity 1 : Each student writes and submits the assignment on the topic Basics of
Electricity, Ohm’s Law and Electromagnetism.
2. Activity 2 : Four students can be grouped as a batch and practice an additional experiment
to interface any one of the Arduino compatible sensors (LM35 Temperature sensor, Force
Sensor, Gas Sensor, Voltage Sensor, Humidity Sensor, Rain Sensor, Acceleration sensor,
magnetic sensor, Infrared sensor etc.,) with Arduino and observe the behaviour of sensors.
DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CHENNAI – 600 025
2023 REGULATION
DME 101
1020234440 L T P C
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
PRACTICUM 1 0 4 3
Text book for Reference:
1. D. Patranabis, Sensors and Transducers, Multicolour Edition, Second Edition, PHI
Learning Private Limited., 2013.
2. Er. R.K. Rajput, A Textbook of Mechatronics, Fourth Edition, S. Chand & Co., 2016.
3. Jacob Fraden, Handbook of Modern Sensors: Physics, Designs and Application, Fourth
edition, Springer, 2010.
4. Massood Tabib and Azar, Microactuators Electrical, Magnetic, thermal, optical,
mechanical, chemical and smart structures, First edition, Kluwer academic publishers,
Springer, 1997.
Web-based/Online Resources:
● https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/108/108/108108147/
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H9OEAn3Uc2w
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ab9U7NQB1kA
DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CHENNAI – 600 025
2023 REGULATION
DME 102
1020234440 L T P C
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
PRACTICUM 1 0 4 3
Equipment / Facilities required to conduct the Practical Course.
Quantity
S.No Name of the Equipment’s
Required
Temperature Measurement using Thermocouple / Thermistor / RTD
1. 1 No
Kit
Inductive and Capacitive Proximity Sensors, Relay, Buzzer, Suitable
2. Each 1 No
Power Supply Unit
3. LVDT Trainer Kit 1 No
LDR, MC Ammeter and Voltmeter, 0-30V DC Power Supply Unit, DC
4. Each 1 No
Motor with Optical Sensor set up
Arduino Shield, Arduino compatible Ultrasonic Sensor and Moisture
5. Each 1 No
sensor
Push Button, SPST, SPDT, Limit Switch, Low Voltage DC Motor,
6. Each 1 No
Transistor and Relay
3 Phase Induction Motor, Forward Reverse Control switch and
7. Each 1 No
Clamp Meter
Double acting Pneumatic cylinder, Directional Control Valve,
8. Each 1 No
Compressor
9. Hydraulic Motor, Control Valve, Hydraulic Power Bank Each 1 No
10. Arduino shield, Arduino compatible Servo Motor and Potentiometer Each 1 No
11. Other Consumables As Required
DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CHENNAI – 600 025
2023 REGULATION
DME 103
1020234440 L T P C
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
PRACTICUM 1 0 4 3
END SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS – PRACTICAL EXAM
Note:
All the exercises should be completed before the Board Practical Examinations. End Semester
Practical examination should be conducted for all the exercises / experiments for 100 Marks.
Students will be permitted to select any one exercise by lot or question paper supplied by the
DOTE Exam section shall be used. The record of work done by the student should be submitted
with a Bonafide Certificate.
SCHEME OF EVALUATION
PART DESCRIPTION MARKS
A Aim & Apparatus Required 5
B Circuit Diagram 20
C Connections / Execution 25
D Output / Result 10
E Written Test 30
F Viva Voce 10
TOTAL 100
Note: For the written test 30 MCQ shall be asked from the theory portions.
DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CHENNAI – 600 025
2023 REGULATION
DME 104
