Questions

Identify seven problems militating against adult education in Nigeria and explain how they could be
overcome

State and explain in details the objectives and rationale for adult education according to the national
policy on education

Discuss in details how Adult Education was introduced into Nigeria, with relevant
dates

1. Adult education in Nigeria faces several challenges:

1. Lack of Funding: Limited financial support for adult education programs hampers their effectiveness.

2. Infrastructure and Accessibility: Poor infrastructure and limited access to educational facilities hinder
participation.

3. Illiteracy and Low Awareness: Many adults aren't aware of the benefits of education or face literacy
barriers.

4. Cultural Barriers: Societal norms and cultural beliefs sometimes discourage adults from pursuing
education.

5. Lack of Qualified Teachers: Shortage of trained educators affects the quality of adult education.

6. Inadequate Curriculum: Outdated or irrelevant curriculum may not meet the needs of adult learners.

7. Technology Gap: Limited access to technology or digital resources inhibits learning opportunities.

To overcome these challenges, Nigeria could implement solutions like:

1. Increased Funding:Allocate more resources to adult education programs to enhance their quality and
reach.

2. Infrastructure Development: Improve facilities and create more accessible learning centers.

3. Awareness Campaigns: Promote the importance of adult education through campaigns targeting
communities.
4. Cultural Sensitivity: Work with community leaders to address cultural misconceptions and encourage
education.

5. Teacher Training Programs: Offer specialized training to educators focusing on adult learning needs.

6. Curriculum Review: Update and tailor curricula to meet the diverse needs and interests of adult
learners.

7. Technology Integration: Invest in technology to provide wider access to educational materials and
online learning platforms.

Combining these efforts could significantly enhance adult education in Nigeria.

2. The objectives and rationale for adult education in line with the National Policy on Education in
Nigeria are multi-faceted and designed to address specific societal needs. Here's a breakdown:

Objectives:

1. Eradication of Illiteracy: The primary objective is to eliminate illiteracy among adults, empowering
them with basic literacy and numeracy skills.

2. Promotion of Functional Education: Adult education aims to impart practical skills and knowledge that
are directly applicable to daily life, occupations, and societal participation.

3. Equitable Access: The policy seeks to ensure equal opportunities for adult learners, regardless of
gender, location, socioeconomic status, or background.

4. Lifelong Learning: Encouraging a culture of lifelong learning, enabling adults to continuously acquire
new skills and knowledge for personal development and societal growth.

5. Community Development: Adult education aims to contribute to the overall development of

6. Promotion of Citizenship: It seeks to promote active citizenship and participation in the socio-
economic and political life of the nation.

Rationale:
1. Social and Economic Development:Illiteracy and lack of education limit economic growth and
development. Adult education helps in creating a skilled workforce, reducing poverty, and improving
productivity.

2. Equity and Inclusivity: Education is a fundamental right. Providing adult education ensures that all
segments of society have access to learning opportunities, promoting a more equitable society.

3. Community Empowerment: Educated adults are better equipped to contribute meaningfully to their
communities, leading to improved living standards and community development.

4. Lifelong Learning Perspective: Promoting lifelong learning enhances adaptability in a rapidly changing
world, fostering personal growth and socio-economic stability.

5. Social Integration and Cohesion: Education fosters understanding, tolerance, and integration among
diverse groups, contributing to national unity and stability.

6. Global Competitiveness: A well-educated adult population enhances a nation's competitiveness in the

The rationale behind these objectives is to not only eradicate illiteracy but also to empower adults with
the necessary skills and knowledge to actively participate in their communities, contribute to national
development, and adapt to an ever-evolving world.

3. Adult education in Nigeria has a rich history that has evolved over time. Its introduction and
development can be traced through significant milestones:

1. Pre-Colonial Era: Informal adult education existed in various forms within communities. Traditional
knowledge, skills, and values were passed down through apprenticeships, storytelling, and communal
learning.

2. Colonial Era (Late 19th to mid-20th century): Formal Western-style education introduced by colonial
powers primarily focused on children. However, some missionary efforts provided basic literacy and
vocational skills to adults, especially through church-related programs. Notable dates include:

- 1842: First formal education in Nigeria introduced by Christian missionaries.

- 1926: Establishment of the Adult Education Section in the Department of Education in Lagos, focusing
on literacy for adults.
3. Post-Independence (1960s to 1970s): After Nigeria gained independence in 1960, adult education
gained more attention as the government recognized its importance in national development. Key
events include:

- 1961: The Western Nigeria government established the Institute of Adult Education in Ibadan.

- 1971: The National Policy on Education recognized the need for adult education and emphasized the
eradication of illiteracy among adults.

- 1978: National Commission for Mass Literacy, Adult, and Non-formal Education was established to
coordinate adult education efforts nationwide.

4. -1980s to Present: Nigeria saw increased efforts in adult education through various government
initiatives, NGOs, and international collaborations. Significant dates include:

- 1989: National Commission for Nomadic Education established to address education among nomadic
populations.

- 1990s: Focus shifted towards functional literacy and vocational skills to make education more
practical and relevant.

- 2003: Introduction of the National Mass Literacy, Adult, and Non-formal Education Policy to address
literacy challenges among adults.

Throughout these periods, the government, NGOs, and international organizations collaborated to
expand adult education initiatives, focusing on literacy, numeracy, vocational skills, and community
development. The approach evolved from basic literacy programs to more comprehensive strategies
aimed at improving the quality and relevance of education for adults across Nigeria.