La Consolacion College of Daet, Inc.
MODULE 1
Froilan Pimentel Avenue Daet, Camarines Norte 4600 Basic Education Department
Tel. Nos. (054) 721-2181/440-2002 Fax No. (054) 571-3467
School Year 2024-2025
Subject : STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY Grade & Section : GRADE 11 ST SERVUS OF GAFSA
Quarter: Third Subject Teacher : Mr. Kenneth C. Navea
MEAN AND VARIANCE OF DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE
Covid-19 is continuously spreading around the world, that is why reports regarding average infected people per country
is being updated every day. For this kind of report, experts used Statistics and Probability to show reliable analysis in
their data. In this lesson, you will learn how to compute the average or mean of a discrete probability distribution as well
as the variance and standard deviation of a discrete random variable.
Consider the outcomes of a coin tossed as a random event. The probability of getting tail is 1/2 or 50%, and the
probability of getting head is 1/2 or 50% also, but it is hard to predict the outcome that will occur. In this lesson, you will
learn how to determine the likeliness of the happening of an event.
Mean of a Discrete Random Variable
The Mean µ of a discrete random variable is the central value or average of its corresponding probability mass function.
µ = ∑ 𝑋𝑃(𝑥)
It is also called as the Expected Value. It is computed using the formula:
Where x is the outcome and p(x) is the probability of the outcome.
Example:
1. Determine the mean or Expected Value of random variable below:
X 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 1 1 1 1 1
5 5 5 5 5
µ = ∑ ⟮𝑥𝑃(𝑥)⟯
Solution:
= ∑ ⟮0( ) +1( )+2( )+3( )+4( ))
1 1 1 1 1
5 5 5 5 5
= ∑ ⟮0+ + + + )
1 2 3 4
5 5 5 5
10
=
5
=2
Therefore, mean is 2 for the above random variable.
2. Find the mean of the random variable Y representing the number of red color chocolates per 160-gram pack of
colored chocolate packages that has the following probability distribution.
y 4 5 6 7
P(y) 0.10 0.37 0.33 0.20
µ = ∑ ⟮𝑋𝑃(𝑥)⟯
Solution
= ∑ ⟮4(0.10) + 5(0.37) + 6(0.33) + 7(0.20)⟯
= ∑ ⟮0.40 + 1.85 + 1.98 + 1.40⟯
= 5.63
So, the mean of the probability distribution is 5.63. This implies that the average number of red chocolates per 160-gram
is 5.63.
3 1 1 2 3
The probabilities that a customer will buy 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 items in a grocery store are , , , , , respectively.
10 10 10 10 10
What is the average number of items that a customer will buy?
STEPS IN FINDING THE MEAN
Step 1: Construct the probability distribution for the random variable X representing the number of items that the
customer will buy.
Step 2: Multiply the value of the random variable X by the corresponding probability.
Step 3: Add the results obtained in Step 2. Results obtained is the mean of the probability distribution.
STEPS SOLUTION
1. Construct Number of Probability
the items P(x)
probability X
distribution
for the 1 3
random 10
variable X
representing 2 1
the number 10
of items
3 1
that the
customer 10
will buy. 4 2
10
5 3
10
2. Multiply Number of items Probability X . P(x)
the value of X P(x)
the random
variable X by 1 3 3
the 10 10
correspondi
ng 2 1 2
probability. 10 10
3 1 3
10 10
4 2 8
10 10
5 3 15
10 10
3. Add the Number of items Probability X . P(x)
results X P(x)
obtained in
Step 2. 1 3 3
Results 10 10
obtained is
the mean 2 1 2
(µ) of the 10 10
probability
3 1 3
distribution.
10 10
4 2 8
10 10
5 3 15
10 10
Total 31
=3.1
10
µ = ∑ 𝑿𝑷(𝒙)
Using the formula:
31
= =3.1
10
So, the mean of the probability distribution is 3.1. This implies that the average number of items that the customer will
buy is 3.1.
ACTIVITY
Determine the mean or expected value of each random variable
1.
S 3 4 12 20
P(S) 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.2
2.
T 5 10 15
P(T) 50% 12% 38%
3.
W 1/12 1/6 1/3
P(w) 1/2 1/10 1/5
4. Find the mean of the probability distribution of the random variable X, which can take only the values 1, 2, and 3,
10 1 12
given that P(1)= , P(2)= , P(1)= .
33 33 33
5. The probabilities of a machine manufacturing 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 defective parts in one day are 0.75, 0.17, 0.04, 0.025,
0.01, and 0.005 respectively. Find the mean of the probability distribution.
Assignment:
What is Variance and Standard Deviation of a Random Variable?
