Review the ABSTRACT!!!
- This study explored how automated lighting systems can help save energy, reduce electricity
costs, and lessen light pollution in homes. It found that people who were more aware of these
systems saw them as more effective, but challenges like high installation costs and limited
awareness still held back their wider use.
Synthesis
Research methods
Respondents
Summary Findings and reco: problem 2 & 5
Capstone intro
Research Final Defense Script
Research Methods
For this study, the researchers used both descriptive and experimental research designs. The
descriptive method allowed the researchers to gather detailed information from respondents,
while the experimental method helped us analyze the effectiveness of the automated lighting
system.
Data collection was conducted using a survey questionnaire, which provided valuable insights
into the respondents' awareness and perceptions.
For statistical treatment, the researchers applied the Percentage Technique and Weighted Mean
to summarize the data. Additionally, the Chi-Square Test was used to determine the relationship
between awareness and effectiveness.
All in all, These methods ensured a comprehensive and reliable analysis of our findings.
Respondents:
Regarding for the respondents, the researchers selected respondents from households in
our local community, specifically targeting electricity consumers. We used convenience sampling
to ensure that the respondents had relevant experience or knowledge about energy conservation
and the use of automated lighting systems.
Problem 2:
For Problem 2, which focused on the respondents' level of awareness regarding the use of
automated lighting systems, the findings revealed that the majority are aware of key concepts
such as energy efficiency in technology, with a general weighted mean of 3.30. Respondents
demonstrated knowledge of how technology contributes to energy conservation and the benefits
of integrating it into energy management systems.
In conclusion, the results indicate a positive understanding of energy-saving technologies,
including automated lighting systems.
Reco: The study recommends “increasing awareness of energy-efficient technologies”,
especially automated lighting systems, through workshops and demonstrations. It also suggests
that government support and further research are needed to overcome barriers to their full
adoption.
Problem 5:
our findings indicate that respondents recognize its effectiveness in reducing energy
consumption and appreciate its benefits. This reflects their growing awareness of responsible
energy usage.
The results emphasize the importance of promoting such innovative technologies to reduce
energy overconsumption and improve efficiency. Encouraging people to stay informed about
energy-saving practices can significantly impact their lifestyle.
Reco: To promote energy-efficient technology, partnerships with local governments and schools
can help provide funding, training, and awareness through real-life projects and education.
Future improvements to the study suggest adding a rechargeable battery for power outages and
an indoor system that doesn't rely solely on visible light to operate.
Capstone Introduction:
The invention of the electric light bulb by Thomas Edison in 1879 revolutionized daily life,
enabling people to see at night and extending work and activity hours. Over time, lighting
technology has evolved to increase efficiency and meet modern needs.
Our proposed Automated Lighting System incorporates a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
sensor, which regulates lighting by detecting outdoor light levels. This system automatically
turns lights on or off based on the presence of visible light, effectively conserving energy and
reducing unnecessary electricity consumption.
The system aims to manage electricity more efficiently, reduce light pollution, and alleviate
financial burdens associated with energy costs.
This research seeks to bridge the gap by promoting a smarter, energy-efficient alternative that
aligns with modern technological advancements, improving both lifestyle convenience and
environmental sustainability.
Budget: self-explanatory
Capstone Explanation:
1. PCB Board:
o The project starts with a custom-designed Printed Circuit Board (PCB) to simplify
and organize the circuit wiring.
2. Relay Integration (JQC-3F):
o The electromagnetic relay acts as a switch, turning the system on or off by
controlling high-current output through low-current input signals from the circuit.
3. Voltage Filtering (MKP-X2 Capacitor):
o The capacitor stabilizes the circuit by filtering out electrical noise (unwanted
disturbance in an electric sign) and maintaining consistent voltage levels.
4. Timing Control (NE555P Timer IC):
o [to not pressure] The NE555P timer generates precise pulses, allowing the circuit
to control the relay’s switching operation.
5. Light Detection (LDR Sensor):
o The Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) detects ambient light levels.
o At dusk, the sensor triggers the circuit to switch the system on, and at dawn, it
switches off.
6. 1N4007 (we made a Bridge Rectifier):
o Four 1N4007 diodes form a bridge rectifier, converting alternating current (AC)
from the power supply to direct current (DC) for the circuit.
7. Voltage Regulation (Zener Diode IN4742A):
o This component ensures safe operation by regulating the voltage supplied to the
circuit.
8. Energy Storage and Voltage Smoothing:
o Two aluminum electrolytic capacitors store energy temporarily and smooth
voltage fluctuations, enhancing circuit stability.
9. Resistor Functions:
o The 100K resistor near the NE555P IC sets the timing parameters for the circuit.
o The 100-ohm resistor limits current flow to protect the circuit components.
10. Wiring Connections:
The first wire near the relay connects to the power outlet and output wires using clip
wires.
The second wire is connected to the output circuit, and the third to the other power outlet
wire.
11. Automatic Operation:
Once powered, the system automatically controls the lighting based on ambient light
conditions, turning on at dusk and off at dawn.
1. PCB Design and Preparation
"We started by designing a custom Printed Circuit Board (PCB). This helped us organize the
components neatly and reduce wiring errors during assembly."
2. Relay Integration (JQC-3F)
"Next, we installed the electromagnetic relay, which acts as a switch. It allows our system to turn
the lights on or off by controlling high current with a low current signal."
3. Voltage Filtering (MKP-X2 Capacitor)
"We added a voltage-filtering capacitor to remove electrical noise and keep voltage levels
stable."
4. Timing Control with NE555P Timer IC
" generates accurate timing pulses. This allows the relay to switch on and off at the right
moment, depending on the input from the light sensor."
5. Light Detection using LDR Sensor
"An LDR sensor was connected to detect the surrounding light. It automatically turns the light on
at dusk and off at dawn, based on ambient light levels."
6. Bridge Rectifier using 1N4007 Diodes
"This converts AC power into DC power, which our circuit needs to function."
7. Voltage Regulation (Zener Diode IN4742A)
"A Zener diode was added to regulate the voltage and protect the components from overvoltage."
8. Energy Storage and Voltage Smoothing
"Two aluminum electrolytic capacitors were added to store energy temporarily and smooth out
voltage fluctuations."
9. Resistor Configuration
"We placed a 100K resistor near the timer IC to set the timing interval. Another 100-ohm resistor
was used to limit the current and protect the components."
10. Wiring and Circuit Connections
"We connected the system to a power outlet using clip wires. One wire goes to the relay and
outlet, the second to the output circuit, and the third to the other side of the power."
11. Automatic Operation
"Once powered, the system runs automatically—lighting turns on at night and off during the day,
without manual input."
Implementation and Vital Elements Script
For the Implementation of the Automated Lighting System, by gaining approval from both the
school and specific households is essential. Once approved, the necessary requirements will be
arranged to bring the product to these households. The system provides a significant benefit by
promoting efficient energy use and encouraging responsible electricity consumption. It also has
educational value, serving as a guide for future researchers and students in robotics and
technological innovation.
In terms of Vital Elements, the project was accomplished through trial and error, involving
surveys, interviews, and consultations with experts. While materials were affordable and
accessible, challenges arose in survey distribution and system production. With the help of
engineers and technicians, we verified the system's effectiveness and ensured the reliability of
our findings.
Questions:
What’s the difference of your product (the automated lighting system) with a solar powered
lighting system?
Our automated lighting system relies on ambient light detection to control household
lighting, using traditional electrical power, while a solar-powered system generates and stores
energy from the sun. Unlike solar systems, our project focuses on energy efficiency through
smart control rather than renewable energy generation.
What makes this study unique?
because it emphasizes the role of automated control in household energy efficiency by
integrating smart light detection and relay technology using accessible components. It also
highlights the educational value for future innovations, encouraging both energy conservation
and technological learning in the community.
