Chapter 6 Practice Problems Key

Student’s Learning Outcomes:

As a result of these practice problems, students will be able to:

 Define energy, kinetic energy, and internal energy.

 Define the SI unit of energy joule, as well as the common unit of energy calorie.
 State the law of conservation of energy.
 Define a thermodynamic system and its surroundings.
 Define the heat of reaction.
 Distinguish between an exothermic process and an endothermic process.
 Define enthalpy and enthalpy of reaction.
 Learn the two rules for manipulating (reversing and multiplying) thermochemical equations.
 Manipulate a thermochemical equation using these rules.
 Applying Stoichiometry to Heats of Reaction
 Calculate the heat absorbed or evolved from a reaction given its enthalpy of reaction and the mass of a
reactant or product.
 Define heat capacity and specific heat.
 Calculate the heat involved in changing the temperature of a material, given its specific heat.
 Calculate the enthalpy of reaction from calorimetric data (its temperature change and heat capacity).
 Apply Hess’s law to obtain the enthalpy change for one reaction from the enthalpy changes of a number of
other reactions.
 Calculate the heat (enthalpy) of reaction from the standard enthalpies of formation of the substances in the
reaction.

Formulas to Memorize:
E = q + w
q  CT

q  s  m  t

qcalorimeter  qrxn

H  =  nH f (products) –  mH f (reactants)

Standard enthalpies of formation values will be given.

1. The reaction below absorbs 66.2 kJ of heat per 2 mol NO2 produced. Is the reaction endothermic or
exothermic? What is the value of q?
N2(g) + 2O2(g)  2NO2(g)

Ans: The gain of 66.2 kJ of heat per 2 mol NO2 means the reaction is endothermic. Because energy is gained by the
system from the surroundings, q is positive and is +66.2 kJ for 2 mol NO2 reacting.

2. When phosphorus burns in air, it produces phosphorus oxide according to the equation:

Eqn. #1 P4(s) + 5O2(g)  P4O10(s); H = −3010 kJ

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What is H for the following equation: Eqn. #2 P4O10(s)  P4(s) + 5O2(g)?

Ans: The second equation has been obtained by reversing the first equation. Therefore, to obtain H for the second
equation, H for the first equation must be reversed in sign: −(−3010) = +3010 kJ.

3. Nitric oxide combines with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide

2NO(g) + O2(g)  2NO2(g); H = −114 kJ

What is the enthalpy change per gram of nitric oxide?

Solution: Because nitric oxide is written as NO in the equation, the molar mass of NO equals 30.01 g per mol NO. From
the equation, 2 mol NO evolve 114 kJ heat. Divide the 114 kJ by the 2 mol NO and by the 30.01 g/mol NO to obtain
the amount of heat evolved per gram of NO:
114 kJ 1 mol NO 1.90 kJ
 = -1.899 =
2 mol NO 30.01 g NO g NO

4. How much heat must be used to raise the temperature 0.180 kg of water from 30. degrees Celsius to 96
degrees Celsius? The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/(g°C).

q  s  m  t

4.18 J
x 180. g  (96°C – 30.°C) = 49700 = 5.0  104 J
1 g  C

5. What is the enthalpy change for the process in which hydrazine, N2H4, is formed?
N2(g) + 2H2(g)  N2H4(l)

Use the following reactions and enthalpy changes:

N2H4(l) + O2(g)  N2(g) + 2H2O(l); H = −622.2 kJ

H2(g) + 1/2O2(g)  H2O(l); H = −285.8 kJ

Solution: Reverse the direction of the first reaction, and reverse the sign of its H. Then multiply the second equation by
2, multiply its H by 2, and add. Setup:
N2(g) + 2H2O(l)  N2H4(l) + O2(g); H = (−622.2 kJ)  (−1)
2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(l); H = (−285.8 kJ)  (2)
N2(g) + 2H2(g)  N2H4(l); H = 50.6 kJ

6. Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction below using the standard enthalpies of formation values
(Table 6.2).

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 2H2S(g) + 3O2(g)  2H2O(l) + 2SO2(g)
2(-20.50) 3(0) 2(-285.8) 2(-296.8) (kJ)

Solution: H° = nH°f(products) − mH°f(reactants)

= [2(−285.8) + 2(−296.8)] − [2(−20.50) + 3(0)] kJ = −1124.20 = −1124.2 kJ

7. Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction below using the standard enthalpies of formation values
(Table 6.2).

CS2(l) + 3O2(g)  CO2(g) + 2SO2(g)

89.70 3(0) -393.5 2(-296.8) (kJ)

Solution: H° = nH°f(products) − mH°f(reactants)
= [(−393.5) + 2(−296.8)] − [(89.70) + 3(0)] = −1076.8 kJ

8. The energy associated with the motion of a speeding bullet is called _____.
A) heat
B) internal energy
C) temperature
D) kinetic energy
E) potential energy
ANS: D

9. The internal energy of a substance is defined as

A) the potential energy of all particles which make up the substance.
B) the kinetic energy of all particles which make up the substance.
C) the sum of the potential and kinetic energy of all particles which make up the substance.
D) the thermal energy of all particles which make up the substance.
E) the chemical energy of all particles which make up the substance.
ANS: C

10. If q = –91 kJ for a certain process, that process

A) requires a catalyst.
B) is exothermic.
C) occurs rapidly.
D) is endothermic.
E) cannot occur.
ANS: B

11. Which of the following statements about enthalpy is false?

A) Enthalpy is a state function.
B) At constant pressure, the enthalpy change is equal to the heat absorbed or released.
C) Enthalpy is an extensive property.
D) The change in enthalpy of a process cannot be negative.
E) The SI unit of enthalpy is J.
ANS: D

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12. What quantity, in moles, of hydrogen is consumed when 676.8 kJ of energy is evolved from the combustion of a
mixture of H2(g) and O2(g)?

H2(g) + O2(g)  H2O(l); H° = –285.8 kJ

A) 2.368 mol
B) 1.184 mol
C) 0.4223 mol
D) 3.368 mol
E) 1.368 mol
ANS: A

13. How much heat is liberated at constant pressure if 0.834 g of calcium carbonate reacts with 48.9 mL of 0.668 M
hydrochloric acid?
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g); H° = –15.2 kJ
A) –0.127 kJ
B) –0.375 kJ
C) –12.7 kJ
D) –0.248 kJ
E) –10.2 kJ
ANS: A

14. How much heat must be applied to a 18.3-g sample of iron (s = 0.449 J/(g · °C)) in order to raise its temperature from
23.8°C to 356.6°C?
A) 2.93  103 J
B) 2.73  103 J
C) 1.96  102 J
D) 6.09  103 J
E) 1.49  102 J
ANS: B

15. When 7.13 g of methane (CH4) is burned in a bomb calorimeter (heat capacity = 2.677  103 J/°C), the temperature
rises from 24.00 to 27.08°C. How much heat is absorbed by the calorimeter?
CH4(g) + 2O2(g)  CO2(g) + 2H2O(l); H° = –1283.8 kJ
A) 562 kJ
B) 3.66  103 kJ
C) 8.24 kJ
D) 571 kJ
E) 1.28  103 kJ
ANS: C

16. What is the specific heat of lead if it takes 97.2 J to raise the temperature of a 75.0 g block by 10.0 degrees Celsius?

Ans: s = 0.130 J/g°C

17. How many grams of ammonia will form if 760. kJ of energy is released according to the reaction:

N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g) in which H = –92.2 kJ?

Ans: 281 g NH3

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