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Physics Notes Today

The document covers various physics concepts applied in technology, including electrical continuity testing, solar energy utilization, and the principles of forces and buoyancy. It provides practical activities to engage with these concepts, such as building a continuity tester and a solar water heater. Additionally, it explains fundamental physics principles like momentum, Newton's laws, and the center of gravity with examples and activities for better understanding.

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P1nice48
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10 views4 pages

Physics Notes Today

The document covers various physics concepts applied in technology, including electrical continuity testing, solar energy utilization, and the principles of forces and buoyancy. It provides practical activities to engage with these concepts, such as building a continuity tester and a solar water heater. Additionally, it explains fundamental physics principles like momentum, Newton's laws, and the center of gravity with examples and activities for better understanding.

Uploaded by

P1nice48
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics in Technology: Bringing Science to Life

🔌 Electrical Continuity Testing


We use a continuity tester to check if electricity can flow in a circuit (i.e., if the
circuit is complete).

🧪 How it Works:

 It has a battery, bulb or buzzer, and two probes.

 Touch the probes to the ends of a wire:

o If the bulb lights or the buzzer sounds 🔔 → the circuit is complete.


o If nothing happens ❌ → there's a break.

🛠️ Activity: Build your own continuity tester using:

 A battery
 A bulb
 2 wires

☀️Solar Energy
The sun gives us energy, and we can use it in two main ways:

1. Solar Panels – change sunlight to electricity.


2. Solar Collectors – absorb sunlight to heat water or air.

🛠️Activity: Make a simple solar water heater using:

 A plastic bottle
 Black paint
 Water

Equilibrium of Forces
⚖️Resultant and Equilibrant Forces
 Resultant Force (R): A single force that replaces multiple forces.
 Equilibrant Force (E): A force that cancels out the resultant force.

💡 Example: If two people push a box with 6 N and 4 N in the same direction:

 Resultant Force = 6 N + 4 N = 10 N
 Equilibrant = 10 N in the opposite direction

⬆️⬇️Parallel Forces
 Act in the same or opposite directions.

 Example: A 200 N bridge is supported equally by 2 pillars.

o Each pillar supports: = 200 N ÷ 2 = 100 N

🔄 Moment of a Force (Torque)


Moment (M) = Force (F) × Distance from pivot (d) Unit: Newton-meter (Nm)

💡 Example: Force = 15 N, Distance = 0.4 m Moment = 15 × 0.4 = 6 Nm

🧪 Activity: Verify the Principle of Moments using a meter rule and weights.

Centre of Gravity (CG)


 The point where an object’s weight acts.

Types of Equilibrium:
Type Behavior Example
Stable Returns to original Pyramid
position
Unstable Falls over easily Pencil on its tip
Neutral Stays in new position Ball on flat table

🧪 Activity: Find CG of cardboard by suspending it from different points.


Objects in Liquids
⚓ Archimedes’ Principle
Buoyant Force = Weight of liquid displaced.

💡 Example: Object displaces 200 g of water → Buoyant Force = 200 g weight = 2 N

🌊 Law of Floatation
An object floats if: Buoyant Force = Weight of Object

📏 Density & Relative Density


Density (ρ) = Mass ÷ Volume Unit: kg/m³ or g/cm³

💡 Example: Mass = 500 g, Volume = 1000 cm³ ρ = 500 ÷ 1000 = 0.5 g/cm³

Relative Density = Density of substance ÷ Density of water (no unit)

🧪 Activity: Use a hydrometer to test density of liquids.

Linear Momentum
🚀 Momentum (p)
p = Mass × Velocity Unit: kg·m/s

💡 Example: Mass = 3 kg, Velocity = 4 m/s p = 3 × 4 = 12 kg·m/s

🥊 Impulse
Impulse = Force × Time Also = Change in momentum

💡 Example: Force = 10 N, Time = 0.3 s Impulse = 10 × 0.3 = 3 Ns


📜 Newton’s Laws
1. 1st Law (Inertia): Objects stay still or keep moving unless a force acts.
2. 2nd Law: F = m × a Example: Mass = 5 kg, Acceleration = 2 m/s² Force = 5 × 2
= 10 N
3. 3rd Law: Action = Reaction (If you push the wall, it pushes back!)

🧪 Activity: Push a cart and observe how it accelerates or reacts to force.

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