I. Give reasons for the following.
1. Area is derived quantity.
- Area is calculated using length and breadth (Area = Length × Breadth). Since
length is a fundamental quantity, and area is obtained from it, area is considered
a derived quantity.
2. Equal volumes of sand and cotton weigh differently.
- Sand has a higher density than cotton, meaning more mass is packed into the
same volume. Since mass = volume × density, sand will weigh more than cotton for
the same volume.
3. When you put a steel pin in water it sinks, but a ship made of steel floats.
- A steel pin has a small volume but high density, so its weight is greater than
the buoyant force of water, causing it to sink. A steel ship, however, is designed
with a hollow structure, which increases its volume and reduces its average
density, making the buoyant force greater than or equal to its weight, allowing it
to float.
4. Wood is lighter than iron for the same volume.
- The density of wood is much lower than that of iron. Since mass = volume ×
density, a given volume of iron will have more mass than the same volume of wood.
II. Differentiate between the following.
1. Fundamental and Derived Quantities.
| Fundamental Quantities | Derived Quantities |
|----------------------|----------------------|
| Cannot be expressed in terms of other quantities. | Derived from fundamental
quantities. |
| Examples: Length, mass, time. | Examples: Area, volume, speed. |
2. Capacity and Volume.
| Capacity | Volume |
|---------|--------|
| Refers to the amount a container can hold (usually for liquids). | The total
space occupied by an object. |
| Measured in liters (L), milliliters (mL). | Measured in cubic meters (m³),
cubic centimeters (cm³). |
3. Area and Volume.
| Area | Volume |
|------|--------|
| Measures the surface occupied by an object. | Measures the total space an
object occupies. |
| Unit: m², cm². | Unit: m³, cm³. |
4. Mass and Density.
| Mass | Density |
|------|--------|
| Amount of matter in an object. | Mass per unit volume of an object. |
| Unit: kg, g. | Unit: kg/m³, g/cm³. |
| Mass = Density × Volume. | Density = Mass ÷ Volume. |
III. Short answer questions.
1. Do you think an object with a greater volume can have lesser mass than another
object with lesser volume? Explain with an example.
- Yes. Example: A balloon filled with air has more volume but much less mass
than a small iron ball.
2. You are given two boxes: a) a cuboid of length 15 cm, breadth 8 cm and height 6
cm and b) a cube of length 8 cm. Which of these boxes can hold more tea powder?
- Volume of cuboid = 15 cm × 8 cm × 6 cm = 720 cm³
- Volume of cube = 8 cm × 8 cm × 8 cm = 512 cm³
- The cuboid can hold more tea powder because it has a greater volume.
3. A cloth material weighing 50 kg occupies a huge space, whereas a metal block of
the same mass occupies less space. Why?
- Cloth has low density (more air spaces), while metal is denser. For the same
mass, a less dense material takes up more space.
4. Anisha and Aditi were cycling from a park to the market. Anisha covered the
distance in 10 minutes, whereas Aditi covered it in 12 minutes. Who was faster?
- Speed = Distance ÷ Time.
- Since Anisha covered the distance in 10 minutes and Aditi in 12 minutes,
Anisha had a greater speed, so she was faster.
IV. Long answer questions.
1. There are three blocks - iron, lead and aluminium - each of 500 g. Will their
volume be the same? Justify your answer.
- No. Since density = mass ÷ volume, and each metal has a different density,
their volumes will be different. The metal with the lowest density (aluminum) will
have the largest volume, while the one with the highest density (lead) will have
the smallest volume.
2. When you put a tin cap in water, it floats, but when it is crushed it sinks. Why
do you think this happens?
- A tin cap is hollow, increasing its volume and reducing its average density,
making it float. When crushed, its volume decreases while its mass remains the
same, increasing its density, causing it to sink.
3. What is the relationship between the volume of a stone and the water displaced
in a jar when the stone is immersed into it? How do you determine the density of
the stone if P is the mass and the volume of water displaced is S?
- According to Archimedes' principle, the volume of water displaced equals the
volume of the stone.
- Density = Mass ÷ Volume = P ÷ S (where P = mass of stone, S = volume of
displaced water).
4. How are distance, speed and time related? What is the SI Unit of speed? How do
you convert km/h to m/s?
- Formula: Speed = Distance ÷ Time.
- SI Unit: meters per second (m/s).
- Conversion: 1 km/h = (1000 m ÷ 3600 s) = 5/18 m/s.
- To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18.
- To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.
