TILEWORKS

Handout No. 9
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 Ceramic
Tiles
Ceramic tiles are a mixture of clays and
other natural materials, such
as sand, quartz, and water. It has undergone
the process of being permanently hardened by
heat and are composed of decorative glaze. It is
one of man’s oldest unique building materials
continuously in use because of its durability,
functional, and aesthetic properties
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 CERAMIC TILES are classified into:
● GLAZED TILES – are principally used for walls and light duty floors

and toppings

● UNGLAZED TILES – are homogenous composition, hard and dense

quality primariliy used for floors and walls

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 Various Types of
Tiles
Tile has been used since Roman
times. Even though excellent man-
made materials have become
popular in recent years, tile is still
valued for its beauty and cost-saving
potential. Various types of tiles are
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now being used over years.

 1. Porcelain Tiles
These are made out from the pressed dust processed into
fine smooth dense and shapely formed face. These are
made by exposing clay to searing hot temperatures —
anywhere from around 2,300 to 2,400 degrees Fahrenheit.
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 1. Porcelain Tiles
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 2. Natural Clay Tiles
These are made from either the pressed or the plastic
method from dust clay that produces a dense body with
distinctive slightly textured appearance.
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 2. Natural Clay Tiles
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 3. Ceramic Mosaic Tiles
Mosaic tile is manufactured by adhering ceramic or
natural stone pieces onto a mesh backing. Because of
the limitless variety of stones, the range of colors and
textures available is vast. These are mounted on a 30 x
30 cm paper as binder of the tiles to facilitate its laying
or setting.
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 3. Ceramic Mosaic Tiles
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 4. Quarry
Tiles
These are made through the plastic extraction process
from natural clay or shale. Quarry tile is a hard,
impervious paving tile made from the ground minerals
formed and fired in much the same way as is used to
make brick.
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4. Quarry
Tiles
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 5. Faience Mosaic Tiles
These are tiles less than 15 square cm in facial form.
Faience tiles are not only durable, they can be formed in
to intricate and detailed shapes, and glazed in a variety
of colours that can be anything from matt to high gloss
in their finish.
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 5. Faience Mosaic Tiles
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 SPECIAL PURPOSE CERAMIC TILES

A. Non slip tiles

B. Ship and Galley tiles
C. Frost proof tiles
D. Conductive tiles
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 3.00 m

5.00 m From the figure shown, determine

the quantity of the following
materials:
1.50 m
10 x 20 glazed a) 10 x 20 cm. glazed wall tiles
tiles
1.50 m b) b) 20 x 20 cm. unglazed floor tiles
c) c) Cement for mortar
20 x 20 cm. floor tiles
d) d). White cement for joint filler

5.00 m
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 SOLUTION -1 (By Fundamental Method)

3.00 m A.) Solving for 10 x 20 Glazed Wall Tiles

5.00 m

1. Solve for the wall area.

Area = 1.50 x (5.00 + 3.00) = 12 sq. m.
1.50 m
10 x 20 glazed tiles

1.50 m
2. Solve for the area of one tile. .10 x .20 = .02 sq. m.
20 x 20 cm. floor
tiles
3. Divide wall area by the area of one tile
5.00 m 12/.02 = 600 . pieces 10 x 20 (4" x 8" glazed tiles)
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 B.) Solving for 20 x 20 Unglazed Floor Tiles

3.00 m 1. Solve for the floor area.

5.00 m Area = 5.00 x 3.00 = 15 sq. m.

2. Floor area divided by the area of one tile.

1.50 m
10 x 20 glazed tiles 15/0.4= 375 pieces
1.50 m
20 x 20 cm. floor
tiles

5.00 m
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SLIDESMANIA.COM
 C.) Solving for the Cement Mortar

3.00 m 1. Find the total area of the wall and floor

5.00 m Total area: 12 + 15 = 27 sq . m.

2. Refer to Table 7-1, along cement mortar, multiply

1.50 m
10 x 20 glazed tiles Cement mortar: 27 x .086 = 2.3 say 3 bags
1.50 m
White cement filler: 27 x .50 = 13.5 say 14 kg.
20 x 20 cm. floor
tiles
3. For breakage allowance,
5.00 m 5 to 10% is satisfactory.
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 SOLUTION -2 (By the Area Method)

3.00 m A.) Solving for the 10 x 20 cm. glazed wall tiles

5.00 m

1. Determine the wall area: A = 12 sq. m.

1.50 m
10 x 20 glazed tiles 2. Refer to Table 7-1. Along 4" x 8" (10 x 20) glazed
tiles under number of pieces per sq. m. (50.00),
1.50 m
20 x 20 cm. floor multiply:
tiles
12 sq. m x 50.00 = 600 pieces
5.00 m
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 B.) Solving for 20 x 20 cm. Unglazed Floor Tiles

3.00 m 1. Determine the floor area.

5.00 m A = 5.00 x 3.00 = 15 sq. m

2. Refer to Table 7-1. Using a 20 x 20 cm. floor tiles;

1.50 m
10 x 20 glazed tiles multiply:
1.50 m
15 x 25.00 = 375 pieces
20 x 20 cm. floor
tiles

5.00 m
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 C.) Solving for the Cement Mortar and Joint Filler

3.00 m 1. Total area of wall and floor:

5.00 m 12 + 15 = 27 sq. m

2. Refer to Table 7-1. along cement paste mortar,

1.50 m
10 x 20 glazed tiles multiply:
1.50 m
Cement mortar: 27 x .086 = 2.3 bags
20 x 20 cm. floor White cement: 27 x .50 = 13.5 say 14 kg
tiles

5.00 m 3. For cutting and breakage,

add 5 to 10 % allowance.
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 2.00 m
From Figure 7-2, determine the quantity of mosaic
floor tiles, internal and external bead, capping and
comer bead, 8" x 8" glazed wall tiles, cement paste
mortar and white cement filler
1.50 m

3.00 m
0.60 m
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 2.00 m SOLUTION

A) Finding the Mosaic Floor Tiles

1. Solve for the floor area.
1.50 m
Area = 2.00 x 3.00 = 6.00 square meters

2. See Table 7-1.

Using 30x 30 cm. mosaic tiles,
multiply 6.00 sq. m. x 11.11 = 66.7 say 67 pieces
3.00 m
0.60 m
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 B.) Finding the 20 x 20 cm. Wall Glazed Tiles.
2.00 m
1. Solve for the lateral area of the wall. Wall
Perimeter = 2 (3.00) + 2.00 + (2.00 - .60) P = 9.40
m. Wall Area = 9.40 x 1.50 ht. = 14.1 sq. m.
1.50 m

2. Refer to Table 7-1. Using 20 x 20 (8" x 8") glazed

tiles; multiply: 14.1 x 25 pes .I sq. m. = 353 pieces.

3. For cutting and breakage add 5 to 10% depending

3.00 m upon the mortality of breakage.
0.60 m
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 C.) Solving for Cement Mortar and Joint Filler
2.00 m
1. Find the total Area of the wall and floor:
Total area: (6.00 + 14.1) = 20.1 sq. m.

1.50 m 2. Refer to Table 7-1, along cement mortar and joint

filler, multiply
Ordinary Cement: 20.1 x .086 = 1.73 say 2 bags
white cement: 20.1 x ,50 = 10 kg.

3.00 m
0.60 m
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 D.) Internal Bead

2.00 m
1. Solve for the length or perimeter of inside corner.
2 (3.00 m) + 2 (2.00 m.) = 10.00 meters.

1.50 m
2. Solve for the length of 4 vertical corners.
4 x 1.50 m. ht. = 6.00 meters

3. Add 1 and 2 to get the total length of the inside corners.

10.00 + 6.00 = 16.00 meters
3.00 m
0.60 m
4. Divide by the length of one internal bead or tile (.20)
16.00/.20 m. = 80 pieces 20 cm. internal bead
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 D.) Internal Bead

2.00 m
1. Solve for the length or perimeter of inside corner.
2 (3.00 m) + 2 (2.00 m.) = 10.00 meters.

1.50 m
2. Solve for the length of 4 vertical corners.
4 x 1.50 m. ht. = 6.00 meters

3. Add 1 and 2 to get the total length of the inside corners.

10.00 + 6.00 = 16.00 meters
3.00 m
0.60 m
4. Divide by the length of one internal bead or tile (.20)
16.00/.20 m. = 80 pieces 20 cm. internal bead
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 E.) Capping

2.00 m
1. Solve for the perimeter of the wall tiles.
P = 2 (3.00) + (2.00 - .80 door) = 7.20 m.

1.50 m
2. Add capping along door jamb
2.00 m. x 2 sides ....................... 4.00m
Total .......................................... 11.20m

3. Divide by length of cap or tile.

3.00 m 11.20/.20= 56 pieces
0.60 m
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 F.) Internal and External Corner Bead

2.00 m
By direct counting, there are 4 internal corners, and
4 external corner beads.

1.50 m

3.00 m
0.60 m
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 G.) Ordinary and White Cement for Paste and Filler
2.00 m
1. Solve for the total floor and wall area.
Area: 6.09 + 14.1 = 20.1 sq. m.

1.50 m
2. Solve for the ordinary and white cement. Refer to Table
7-1, multiply:
Ordinary cement: 20.1 x .086 = 1.73 say 2 bags.
White cement: 20 . 1 x . 50 = 10 kgs.

3.00 m
0.60 m
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 Summary
2.00 m

67 pcs. 30 x 30 ( 12" x 12" ) mosaic tiles

353 pcs. 20 x 20 ( 8" x a" ) glazed wall tiles
1.50 m
80 pcs. 20 cm. Internal bead
57 pcs. 10 cm. Capping
4 pcs. Internal corner bead
4 pcs. External corner bead
2 bags 40 kg. ordinary cement
0.60 m
3.00 m 10 kilograms white cement.
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 Sample Problem: An office lobby measures 10.00 x 20.00 meters specify
installation of .40 x .40 m. ceramic floor tiles. List down the materials
required.

A.) Solving for the .40 x .40 Ceramic Tiles

1. Find the floor area:
(10 x 20) = 200 square meters

2. Refer to Table 7-1.

Using .40 x.40 ceramic tiles, multiply:
200 x 6.25 = 1,250 pieces.
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 Sample Problem: An office lobby measures 10.00 x 20.00 meters specify
installation of .40 x .40 m. ceramic floor tiles. List down the materials
required.

B.) Solving for the Tile Adhesive and Joint Filler

1. Knowing the floor area to be 200 square meters,
refer to Table 7-1 along Tile Adhesive, multiply:
200 sq. m. x .11 = 22 bags tile adhesive.

2. For joint filler. refer to Table 7-1. multiply:

200 sq. m. x .50 = 100 kgs.
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 Comments:
1. The quantity of tile adhesive varies depending upon the thickness
of the mortar applied and the mixture of fine sand.

2. The values given in Table 7·1 was computed at 1mm thickness

mortar.

3. The quantity of white cement joint filler also varies depending

upon the size of the tiles and its spacing distance. The smaller the
tiles, the more joints there are and more filler is required.
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 7-2 MARBLE
TILES
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 MARBLE TILES

● The word "marble" derives from the Greek word

marmaron which means “crystalline rock, shining stone“

● Marble is a non-foliated metamorphic rock composed of

recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or
dolomite.
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 MARBLE TILES
● Marble is a hard metamorphic limestone white or colored texture and
sometimes streaked or mottled in crystalline or granular state capable
of taking high polish. It is used in sculpture, furniture, topping slab,
floors and the like.

● Marble as construction materials have been extensively used from the

ancient time of the Greeks to the Roman Empire down to the modern
and contemporary Architecture.
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 USES OF
MARBLES
1. IN FLOORING
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 USES OF
MARBLES
2. IN STAIR
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 MAINTENANCE OF MARBLE TILES

• Marble is easy to maintain and can be re-polished if you

need to bring the shine back.

• Marble is a porous material so if strong stain material is

spilled on marble, it is recommended to wipe it quickly so
that the marble does not absorb the stain .
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 MAINTENANCE OF MARBLE TILES

• For general maintenance you just need to wipe off

the marble to remove the stains.

• Polishing can be done after a few years to bring back

the shine.
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 ADVANTAGES OF MARBLE TILES

• Marble flooring is known for its superior, royal and decorative

appearance. It is considered as style symbol.
• Marble flooring is durable.
• Marble is also known for its’ versatility in the art a from sculptures to
monuments and from wall tiles to floor tiles.
• Cool surface of marble tiles can be quite pleasant and comfortable
during the summers.
• Marble flooring is very easy to maintain and requires occasional
sweeping and polishing.
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 DISADVANTAGES OF MARBLE TILES

• Marble stone is cool under foot so in areas where temperature is

usually low for a longer duration, you may want to mix this flooring
type with other flooring types to give warmth to a design.
• Marble is quite expensive. If you want a near pure white look to a
space, you will need to purchase expensive marble stone,
• Marble is heavy in weight so structure strength of the underlying area
should be ascertained before putting it.
• Require routine maintenance.
• Not suitable for high traffic area as it may lose shine.
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PROBLEM
SAMPLE
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 ILLUSTRATION 7-4
From Figure 7-3, solve for the number of 30 x 60 cm. marble tiles required including the
cement and sand for class B mortar adhesive.
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 SOLUTION:
1. Solve for the floor area
A-1 = 7.00 x 20.00 = 140 sq.m
A-2 = 7.00 x 10.00 = 70 sq.m,
Total Area...... 210 sq. m.

2. Refer to Table 7-2. Using 30 x 60 cm. marble tiles;

multiply:
210 sq. m. x 5.6 = 1,176 pieces.

3. Add 3-5 % allowance for breakage.

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 SOLUTION:
4. Solve for cement mortar using class B mixture. Refer to Table 7-2;
multiply:
Cement: 210 sq.m. x .30 = 63 bags
Sand: 210 sq.m. x .025 = 5.25 cu. m.
5. Solve for Polymer liquid, hardener and calsomine powder. Refer to table 7-2.
Polymer Liquid: 210 x .035 = 7.35 say 8 gallons
Hardener: 210 x .030 = 6.30 say 7 quarts
Calsomine powder: 210 x .045 = 9.45 say 10 kilos
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SLIDESMANIA.COM
 Solve for the number of 30 x 30 cm. marble tiles required including the cement and sand for
class A mortar adhesive.
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 SOLUTION:
1. Solve for the floor area
A-1 = 6.00 x 10.00 = 60 sq.m
A-2 = 6.00 x 12.00 = 72 sq.m,
Total Area...... 132 sq.m.

2. Refer to Table 7-2. Using 30 x 30 cm. marble tiles;

multiply:
132 sq. m. x 11.1 = 1,465.2 = 1466 pieces.

3. Add 3-5 % allowance for breakage.

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 SOLUTION:
4. Solve for cement mortar using class A mixture. Refer to Table 7-2;
multiply:
Cement: 132 sq.m. x .45 = 59.4 = 60 bags
Sand: 132 sq.m. x .025 = 3.3 cu. m.
5. Solve for Polymer liquid, hardener and calsomine powder. Refer to table 7-2.
Polymer Liquid: 132 x .035 = 4.62 say 5 gallons
Hardener: 132 x .030 = 3.96 say 4 quarts
Calsomine powder: 132 x .045 = 5.94 say 6 kilos
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 7-3 VINYL
AND RUBBER
TILES
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 VINYL TILES

● Vinyl composition tile (VCT) is a finished flooring material used

primarily in commercial and institutional applications.

● The standard specifications for vinyl and rubber tiles provides that:
“It shall be non-fading, odorless and non-slip even when wet and shall
be strong enough to withstand the ordinary tear and wear, cleaning and
moving of furniture without damage and shall be self-dealing.”
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 Tiles shall be laid to conform with the
manufacturer's specifications which partly
states that:
a. Adhesive cement shall be applied to the floor every after
the tiles are laid on the surface.
b. Tiles are pressed with linoleum roller to avoid blisters.
c. After completion, all work shall be cleaned of cement, dirt
and other substances.
d. Apply two-coat of wax and polish to smooth shiny finish.
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 VINYL FLOORING BENEFITS
• One of the main benefits of vinyl flooring is that it is easy to install and
cost effective and durable as well.

• The maintenance cost as well as effort is quite low

• Vinyl flooring is that it is water resistant and provides a great

support to the feet.
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 VINYL FLOORING BENEFITS
• It is attractive in appearance.

• This type of flooring is quick to install and replace,

so you can change it as and when you so desire,
without much difficulty

• Because of the wide variety available in the market

today, you can choose any products.
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 VINYL FLOORING PRECAUTIONS
• You can indulge in regular vacuuming of your vinyl floor, to keep it
free of dirt.
• Using a polish, which has been specifically made for such type of
flooring,
• Do not use any abrasive scrubbing tools for cleaning a vinyl floor
• Never ever use detergents.
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 ILLUSTRATION 7-5
An office room with a general dimensions of 7.00 x 9.00 m. is undergoing renovation.
Determine the number of 30 x 30 cm. vinyl tiles required including its adhesive for
installation.
SOLUTION
1. Solve for the floor area: 7.00 x 9.00 = 63 sq.m.
2. Refer to table 7-3. Using a 30 x 30 cm. vinyl tile, multiply:
63 sq.m. x 11.11 = 700 pieces

3. Solve for the adhesive cement. Refer to Table 7-3 multiply:

63 x .042 = 2.65 say 3 gallons.
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SLIDESMANIA.COM
 ILLUSTRATION 7-5
A master bedroom with a general dimensions of 4.00 x 5.00 m. is undergoing
renovation. Determine the number of 20 x 20 cm. vinyl tiles required including its adhesive
for installation.
SOLUTION
1. Solve for the floor area: 4.00 x 5.00 = 20 sq.m.
2. Refer to table 7-3. Using a 20 x 20 cm. vinyl tile, multiply:
20 sq.m. x 25.00 = 500 pieces

3. Solve for the adhesive cement. Refer to Table 7-3 multiply:

20 x .042 = 0.84 say 1 gallon.
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 7-4
GRANOLITHIC
FLOORING
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 GRANOLITHIC FLOORING
Granolithic floor is a marble type mosaic floor finish that
uses Portland cement as base materials. It has a
characteristic of durability, beauty and variety installed by
either: Monolithic-Cast in Place or Pre-Cast.
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 MONOLITHIC (CAST-
PLACE)
● Monolithic or Cast-Place means
massively, solid, single and
uniform floor finish cast in place.

● A mixture of cement and marble

chips to a proportion "of 1:3 is
cast on top of a rough floor slab
surface to an average thickness
of 1.25 cm.
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 MONOLITHIC (CAST-
PLACE)
● The floor is then grinded after it
has attained sufficient hardness
to withstand abrasion and
vibration caused by the grinding
machine.

● Grinding of the floor surface is

done not earlier than 48 hours
after casting.
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 MONOLITHIC (CAST-
PLACE)
● The splinters of marble give the
finished floor a distinct “mosaic”
appearance

● The grinding of the finished floor

brings this effect to varying
degrees – as the top layer of
concrete gives way to a smooth
surface of aggregate in an
opaque or shiny finish.
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 ADVANTAGES
Concrete-based floors, like granolithic ones, can withstand heavy
loads, being a good option for warehouses, factories, and other
workplaces that store, manufacture or use heavy objects.

DISADVANTAGES
The relatively inexpensive materials and labor required to appeal
to the budget. Unfortunately, these types of floors can cause some
problems.
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 PRE-CAST
● refers to granolithic tiles in
various dimensions hydraulically
pressed and molded in a factory.

● Pre-cast is installed in a tile form

while cast in place is installed on
a fresh mixed form.
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 PRE-CAST
● Normally, a dividing hard brass
strips with alloy zinc are installed
between tiles to control and
localize any shrinkage or flexure
cracks.

● The dividing strip thickness

ranges from 1.56 to 3.12 mm. or
even thicker depending upon
the design and specifications.
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SLIDESMANIA.COM
 ILLUSTRATION 7-6
For an 8.00 meters by 10.00 meters room that specify cast-in place
granolithic floor, list down the materials required.

SOLUTION (MONOLITHIC)

1. Determine the floor area.

Area: ·8.00 x 10.00 = 80 sq. m.

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 2. Determine the quantity of marble chips required. Refer to Table
7-4, multiply:

80 x .0125 = 1.0 cu. m.

3. Determine the quantity of white cement required. Refer again to

Table 7-4, multiply

80 x .172 = 13.76 say 14 bag

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 ILLUSTRATION 7-6
For an 8.00 meters by 10.00 meters room that specify cast-in place
granolithic floor, list down the materials required.

SOLUTION (PRE-CAST)

1. Determine the floor area.

Area: ·8.00 x 10.00 = 80 sq. m.

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 2. Refer to Table 7-4. Using 40 x 40 granolithic tiles; Multiply:

80 sq.m. x 6.25 = 500 pieces

3. Using class B mortar, refer to Table 7-4, multiply

Cement: 80· x .225 = 18 bags

Sand: 80 x .0188 = 1.5 cu. m.

4: Solve for the brass divider. Refer to Table 7-4; Multiply:

80 sq.m x 5.8 = 464 meters

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 CEMENT
TILES
7-6
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 CEMENT TILES
Cement tiles is a mixture cement, sand and water
hydraulically pressed, locally manufactured in the following
commercial sizes:

25 mm x 15 x 15 1” x 6” x 6”
cm
1” x 8” x 8”
25 mm x 20 x 20
cm 1” x 10” x
10”
25 mm x 25 x 25
1” x 12” x
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cm
12”
25 mm x 30 x 30
 CEMENT TILES
Estimating the quantity of cement tiles include the cement
mortar for tile laying at an average thickness of 20 mm. The
methods used could be either:
1. By the unit measure method or

2. By the Area method using Table 7-4

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 CERAMIC TILES
● Cement tiles can be used on the floors
and walls in the kitchen, living room,
foyer, dining room, bathroom, and
laundry room; on the kitchen
backsplash and underside of the
island; they can be used on the walls
to add a unique work of art; on an
outdoor patio; and can be applied in
unique ways to create one-of-a-kind
features like tile rugs.
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 ILLUSTRATION 7-7
Find the number of 20 x 20 cm. cement tiles required for a school
classroom with a general dimension of 7.00 x 9.00 m using Class
B mortar mixture.
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 SOLUTION

1. Solve for the floor area:

Area: = 7.00 x 9.00

A = 63 square meters

2. Refer to table 7-4. Using a 20 x 20 cement tiles; multiply:

63 sq. m. x 25 = 1,575 pieces

3. Refer again to Table 7-4. Using class .8 mortar; multiply:

Cement: 63 x .225 = 14.20 say 15 bags

Sand: 63x.018= 1.13 say 1.5 cu.m

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SLIDESMANIA.COM
7.6 WOOD
TILES
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 7.6 WOOD TILES
Wood tile is a well-arranged thin small
wood pieces in various dimensions with
thickness ranging from 6 mm to 8 mm.
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 7.6 WOOD TILES
Estimating Wood Tiles:
1. Solve for the net floor area to be covered
with wood tiles in square meter.

2. Wood tiles come in square foot. Thus,

multiply the floor area found by 10.76 to get
the number of square foot.

3. Multiply the floor area by 0.165 to get the

number of wood glue in gallons per square
meter.
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 7.6 WOOD TILES
Sample Problem
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 7.6 WOOD TILES
Sample Problem 2.Convert to square foot. Multiply
by 10.76
240 x 10.76 = 2,583 sq. ft.

3.Add 5% allowance for cutting and

edging
2,583 x 0.5 = 129.15 = 130 sq. ft.

4. Add total size and allowance

2,583 + 130 = 2,713 pieces
1.Find the area floor
5. Determine the wood glue at 0.085
Area: 12.00 x 20.00 gallon per square meter
= 240 sq. m. 240 sq. m. x .085
= 20.4 = 21 gallons
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 7.6 WOOD TILES
Sample Problem
A study room with the width of 16 m and 30 m long has a wooden tile
flooring. Prepare the bill of materials.
Solution
1.Find the area floor
Area: 16 x 30
= 480 sq. m

2.Convert to square foot. Multiply by 10.76

480 x 10.76 = 5,164 sq. ft.
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3.Add 5% allowance for cutting and edging

5,164 x 0.5 = 258.20 = 259 sq. ft.
 7.6 WOOD TILES
Sample Problem
A study room with the width of 16 m and 30 m long has a wooden tile
flooring. Prepare the bill of materials.
Solution
4. Add total size and allowance
5,164 + 259 = 5,423 pieces

5. Determine the wood glue at 0.085 gallon per square meter

480 sq. m. x 0.085 = 40.8 = 41 gallons
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 7.7 PEBBLES
AND
WASHOUT
FINISH
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 7.7 PEBBLES AND
WASHOUT FINISH
Pebbles are small roundish stone used
for walls and floor finishes called
washout and pebbles, respectively.
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 7.7 PEBBLES AND WASHOUT FINISH
Sample Problem
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 7.7 PEBBLES AND WASHOUT FINISH
Sample Problem
2. Determine the thickness of the
stone pebble finished. For
example, 16 mm or 0.16 m then
multiply by the wall area
20 x 0.16 = 0.32 cu. m
3. Refer to Table 2-1. Using class “B”
mixture, multiply:

Cement: 0.32 x 12 = 3.84 = 4 bags

1.Solve for the wall Pebbles: 0.32 x 1.0 = 0.32 cu. m.
area stone pebbles

Area: 2.00 x 10.00

= 20 sq2. m.
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 Reference for Estimates:
• For First Floor – use 60x60 ceramic tiles.
• For Second Floor - use 40x40 ceramic tiles.
• For CR – use 30x30 ceramic floor tiles, use 20x30 ceramic wall tiles with
height = 1.6m (subtract doors and windows)
• For stairs – use 40x40 ceramic tiles (non skid)

• Indicate the total no. of sqm in your bill of materials

Example: First floor - _____ sqm
Second floor - ____ sqm