Literature Study EFFICIENT WORKABILITY OF TERMINAL

Segregation of bus and non-bus traffic

Segregation of pedestrian and vehicular movement
Elimination of vehicular traffic conflict
BUS TERMINAL Segregation of pedestrian flows
Minimum processing for the buses
Segregation of transportation and no-transportation
INTRODUCTION
activities
A bus terminal is a designated facility where buses start, stop,
terminate, and layover during their routes. It serves as a major
hub for passenger movement, bus operations, and intermodal
connections (such as taxis, auto-rickshaws, metro stations, or
train stations).

TYPES OF BUS TERMINAL

INTERCITY BUS TERMINAL
AIRPORT CITY BUS TERMINAL
URBAN-SUB URBAN COMMUTER
TERMINAL
SUB URBAN INTERSTATE
TERMINAL
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
PRINCIPLES OF TERMINALS
TERMINAL TYPOLOGY
Access and approach
Local Bus Terminal –Bus services at a local bus terminal cater
Location
to routes whose starting and terminating points connect two
Operational parameter
different places in the same city. On these routes, buses stop
Existing capacity and future demand estimation
to board and offload passengers at short intervals, usually
Enhanced level of service
about 0.5 km.
Integrating multi-modal accessibility and feeder
Interstate Bus Terminal (ISBT) –Starting and terminating infrastructure
points connect two different states, regions/districts, or cities; Integrating universal design Integrating sustainable
long intervals between stops, usually greater than 10 km. development practice
Safety and Security
Terminal Operations -This characteristic determines the Passenger Convenience
operations type of a bus terminal, in terms of allocating Flexibility & Expandability
boarding bays to different routes. The categorization is based Environmental Sustainability
on the current preference and norms followed by the terminal Aesthetic and Civic Integration
operator (usually state or city transport undertakings). In India, FUNCTIONAL FLOW DIAGRAM OF A BUS TERMINAL
two operations types are observed
Essential Requirements
Primary Infrastructural Requirements Supporting
Infrastructure

Feeder Infrastructure
Seating
Hardscape and landscaping
Lighting
Signage
Public art
In-terminal breakdown services
Location and Accessibility
Site Planning and Circulation
Bus Facilities
Passenger Amenities
Administrative & Utility Infrastructure
Sustainability & Design Considerations
Technology Integration
ACCESS AND APPROACH BASIC AMENITIES IN BUS TERMINUS: STAIRCASE
Traditional bus terminal facilities fail to provide convenient Carparking : Size of the parking depends upon the type of The maximum practical flow on a stair is
access to public buses ; their closed confines make access parking will provide at the given location. approximately 17 persons per foot width of stairway
extremely difficult for passengers. When the parking demand is high (>3000), automated per minute (PFM) in the upward or design direction.
Current attempts to improve bus based public transport carparking can be suggested bike parking : An average of about 20 square feet per person or
access are only concerned with improvement of street When the parking demand is high (>35000), automated bike more is required before stair locomotion becomes
infrastructure, and focused mainly on pedestrian facilities parking can be suggested Restaurant Hospital , police normal
and bus stops. terminus Toilets Administrative Block: It is an area where For passenger waiting concourse,anaverage of 10
Access to the terminal should be convenient, barrier free bus related activities such as ticket counter, help desk, etc.. sqftper person is required.
and facilitate streamlined internal circulation. Available. The minimum width of step should be 1.5m.
Additionally, the ingress and egress points should be so The concept of planning should be given due importance to The height should be 15cm.
located that they are not in conflict with traffic circulation avoid the unnecessary movements and congestion. The minimum thread should be 30cm.
at the peripheral road network (Planning Department Hong A staircase shall not be arranged round a lift shaft for
Kong 2014). Passage For City Bus: The width depends upon turning radius buildings above 15.0m (18m with stilts) height .
One way of achieving this is by creating alternative the bus. Minimum width provided should be 40’ with of turning Handrails shall be provided with a minimum height of
access/egress points by integrating multi modal facilities radius as 50. 90cm from the centreof the tread.
with the bus terminal; this can further convenience Subway Width And Height: In general, the minimum height and The minimum headroom in a passage under the
commuters by providing access/egress choices. width of the subway provided as 16’ and 10’ respectivel Green landing of a staircase and under the staircase shall
Vegetation be 2.2 m.
No electrical shafts/AC ducts or gas pipe etc. shall
OTHER FACTORS: pass through the staircase.

Shop: The shops to be provided depend on the passenger RAMPS

Capacity
Sight Distance: The eye level of a driver for safe riding of a bus The maximum gradient of a ramp approach intended
or vehicles should not have any obstructions. The obstruction for the differently abled persons shall not exceed 1 in
height should not exceed 0.5’ from a drivers eye level of 3.9’ 10 and shall be finished with approved non-slippery
high materials.
Width Of The Main Road: depends on main road crossing and The minimum width of the ramp shall be 1.2m and
movement of the vechicles. provided with handrails of height not less than 80cm.
A ramp shall have handrails on at least one side, and
preferably two sides, that are 900mm high, measured
from the surface of the ramp, that are smooth, and
that extend 300mm beyond the top and bottom of the
REQUIREMENTS ramp.
Where major traffic is predominantly children, the
Main entry handrails should be placed 760 mm high.
Travel Ticket Enquiry and booking Office
Kiosks
Dispatch office
LOCAL BUS TERMINAL CIRCULATION
Baggage room
Public lockers
Telephones
Luggage Waiting room
Rental space
Dormitories
VERTICAL CIRCULATION
Buffet
Public seating LIFTS:
Telephone booths
Restaurant It shall be made mandatorily for all buildings which are 15m
Public toilets and above (without stilts) /18m and above (with stilts) in
height.
Car/bike/auto parking
Grounding switch, at ground floor level, to enable the fire
Staff facilities
service to ground the lift shall also be provided.
Vehicle maintenance All the floors including basement and terrace shall be
Drivers rest rooms accessible for 24hours by the lifts.
Filling station[petrol] The lift machine room shall be separate and no other
Security check post machinery shall be installed there in.
INTER-STATE BUS TERMINAL CIRCULATION REQUIREMENTS : TERMINAL STAFF AMENITIES :

BUS DESIGN GEOMETRY

BUS STAFF AMENITIES :

PLANNING ASSUMPTION :

RIGHT-ANGLE LOADING: QUEUING SITUATIONS

Bays arrangements :
Out swinging bus door which forms a barrier around Linear queues will
which passenger mustpass.Busmaneuveringdifficult. occur where
• Linear arrangement.
• Angular arrangement. STRAIGHT SAWTOOTH LOADING: passengers line up
• Radial arrangement. Efficient-employed where lot is comparatively to purchase tickets
narrow and deeppassengerhas direct approach to or board buses. The
PLATFORM TYPES loading door. baggage truck can operate between length of a linear
buses for sideloading queue may
PARALLEL LOADING
estimated on the
Requires excessive amount ofspace.Buses must RADIAL SAWTOOTHLOADING:
basis of an average
usually wait until first busexits ,large terminal requires Most efficient-buses swing into position along
per person spacing
pedestrian under/overpass facilities to protect natural driving arc.space required at front is
of 20 in.
passengers while crossing lanes. minimum-wide space at rear making
maneuveringeasy.
FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES : TERMINAL CHARACTERISTICS : SERVICES:
LIGHTING
Lighting plays a key role in enhancing terminal facilities
-through ambient illumination in order to allow a safe,
comfortable and functional environment, and to highlight key
architectural aspects to create an iconic and attractive bus
terminal
a)Continuous lighting:b) Standby lighting: c) Mobile lighting:

LIGHT PROPERTIES:

The light signals should be of sufficient power and/or size to

be unmistakably noticeable from a distance of 250 m in
bright sunshine.
Lights should flash at 3-4HZ. The type of light used should
give instantaneous light, with little or no rise time Each light
should be able to give at least 70°visual range 360°lights
should not be used .

WATER SUPPLY

Fire Fighting Sump of 1 Lakh

Liters Capacity with Fire
Hydrants and Fire Extinguishers are Provided at Vintage
Points.
It Is Also Equipped With Rain Water Harvesting Unit.

FIRE
1. Wet riser 2. Hose reel 3. Automatic sprinkler system 4. Fire
hydrant 5. under ground water tank with draw off connection 6.
Terrace water tanks 7. Fire pump 8. Terrace pump 9. First aid
firefighting appliances 10. Auto detection system 11. Manually
operated electrical fire alarm system 12. Public assistance
system with talk back facility 13. Emergency lights 14. Auto D.G.
set 15. Illuminated exit sign 16. Means of escape, or fire exits

ELECTRICAL SERVICES
It is highly recommended to have a 380 v (32 amp) sockets
outside. With good quality lighting (minimum 500 lux) throughout
the whole terminal building. It is highly recommended to have a
TV socket per pit box connected to the Closed-Circuit Television
(CCTV) signal. Street lights should be placed at around the
building. Electric Sub Station: 600 KAV Capacity The main power
distribution rooms are located ground floor. Every single zone is
dived by distributor box

SANITARY SERVICES
All sewage pipe lines through the underground. External drains
should be given for all buildings. The used water must be
evacuated, with no atmospheric contact,
through a flexible pipe to the device provided for this evacuation.

COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES
The following communications networks must be installed These
services mainly provided the main terminal staff and
administration. Wifi services should be provided for passengers.
Surveillance services should be provided.
STANDARD LAYOUT & DIMENSIONS FOR BUSES ROADWAY WIDTHS
AND TERMINAL : Bus roadway widths 10ft wide single lanes
VEHICLE MANOEUVRES USED IN APPROACHING will suffice for 8ft wide equipment.
PARKING BAYS L1ft wide lanes are preferable where
ample terminal space is available.
Double-lane runways, enabling standing
1. buses to be overtaken by other buses,
provide a great advantage over one-lane
runways because of the increased
Flexibility of operations that is made
possible.
For the purpose of merely overtaking
BUS - DIMENSION & TURNING RADIUS
another bus or row of buses having no
appreciable tail out, double-lane runway
1. SINGLE DECKER BUS - DIMENSION & TURNING
widths should be at least 20ft and
RADIUS preferably22ft.

2. PARKING LAYOUTS

3.

2. DOUBLE-DECKER BUS - DIMENSION

As the angle of pitch in saw-

tooth bays increases so does
the distance between each bay.
PARKING LAYOUTS NBC NORMS AND STANDARDS
1.CNG FILLING STATION:

LAYOUT OF TRANSIT STATION AND PARKING AREA

2. ATM - AREA AND COUNT :

3. PARKING STANDARD AREA :

SPECIAL PROVISION HAS TO MADE FOR THE WIDENING OF CURVE TO MATCH THE TURNING CIRCLES
OF BUSES: