SOLVED PAPER - 2024

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Total of 65 questions carrying 100 marks, out of which 10 questions carrying a total of 15 marks are in
General Aptitude (GA)
2. The Engineering Mathematics will carry around 15% of the total marks, the General Aptitude section
will carry 15% of the total marks and the remaining 70% of the total marks.
3. Types of Questions
(a) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) carrying 1 or 2 marks each in all papers and sections. These
questions are objective in nature, and each will have a choice of four options, out of which the candidate
has to mark the correct answer(s).
(b) Numerical Answer Questions of 1 or 2 marks each in all papers and sections. For these questions
the answer is a real number, to be entered by the candidate using the virtual keypad. No choices will
be shown for these type of questions.
(c) Multiple Select Questions (MSQ) carrying 1 or 2 marks each in all the papers and sections.
These questions are objective in nature, and each will have choice of four answers, out of which ONE
or MORE than ONE choice(s) is / are correct.
4. For 1-mark multiple-choice questions, 1/3 marks will be deducted for a wrong answer. Likewise, for
2-marks multiple-choice questions, 2/3 marks will be deducted for a wrong answer. There is no negative
marking for numerical answer type questions & multiple selection questions.

Chapter-Wise Analysis

# Chapters
Marks # Chapters
Marks
1 2 Total 1 2 Total
1 General Aptitude 5 5 15 6 Analog Circuits 3 2 7
2 Engineering Mathematics 5 4 13 7 Digital Circuits 3 3 9
3 Network Theory 2 4 10 8 Control Systems 1 2 5
4 Signals and Systems 4 3 10 9 Communication Systems 3 5 13
Electronic Devices &
5 10 Electromagnetic Theory 2 5 12
Circuits 2 2 6
2 Solved Paper – 2024

4. The greatest prime factor of (3199 – 3196) is

SECTION–A (GENERAL APTITUDE)
(a) 11 (b) 13
1. The bar chart shows the data for the percentage
of population falling into different categories based (c) 3 (d) 17
on Body Mass Index (BMI) in 2003 and 2023. 5. Four identical cylindrical chalk-sticks, each of
radius r = 0.5 cm and length l = 10 cm are bound
tightly together using a duct tape as shown in
the following figure

Based on the data provided, which one of the

following options is INCORRECT?
The width of the duct tape is equal to the length
(a) The ratio of the percentage of population of the chalk-stick. The area (in cm2) of the duct
falling into overweight category to the tape required to wrap the bundle of chalk-sticks
percentage of population falling into normal once, is
category has increased in 20 years.
(a) 10(8 + ) (b) 20(4 + )
(b) The ratio of the percentage of population
(c) 10(4 + ) (d) 20(8 + )
falling into obese category to the percentage
of population falling into normal category has 6. Two identical sheets A and B. of dimensions
24 cm × 16 cm, can be folded into half using two
decreased in 20 years.
distinct operations. FO1 or FO2.
(c) The ratio of the percentage of population
In FO1. the axis of folding remains parallel to
falling into underweight category to the
the initial long edge, and in FO2, the axis of
percentage of population falling into normal
folding remains parallel to the initial short edge.
category has decreased in 20 years.
If sheet A is folded twice using FO1, and sheet B
(d) The percentage of population falling into is folded twice using FO2, the ratio of the
normal category has decreased in 20 years. perimeters of the final shapes of A and B is
2. Sequence the following sentences (P, Q, R, S) in (a) 11 : 18 (b) 18 : 11
a coherent passage:
(c) 11 : 14 (d) 14 : 11
P : Shifu's student exclaimed, "Why do you run
7. If ‘’ denotes increasing order of intensity, then
since the bull is an illusion?"
the meaning of the words [charm  enamor 
Q : Shifu said. "Surely my running away from bewitch] is analogous to [bored  __ weary].
the bull is also an illusion." Which one of the given options is appropriate to
R : Shifu once proclaimed that all life is illusion. fill the blank?
S : One day, when a bull gave him chase. Shifu (a) worsted (b) dead
began running for his life. (c) jaded (d) baffled
(a) RSPQ (b) SPRQ 8. For a real number x > 1,
(c) SRPQ (d) RPQS 1 1 1
  1
3. Five years ago, the ratio of Aman's age to his log 2 x log 3 x log 4 x
father's age was 1 : 4, and five years from now,
The value of x is
the ratio will be 2 : 5. What was his father's age
when Aman was born? (a) 24
(c) 4
(a) 32 years (b) 35 years
(b) 12
(c) 28 years (d) 30 year
(d) 36
Solved Paper – 2024 3

9. P, Q, R, S, and T have launched a new startup. 2. Let (x, y, z, t) and u(x, y, z, t) represent density
Two of them are siblings. The office of the startup and velocity, respectively, at a point (x, y, z) and
has just three rooms. All of them agree that the 
siblings should not share the same room. time t. Assume is continuous. Let V be an
t
If S and Q are single children, and the room arbitrary volume in space enclosed by the closed
allocations shown below are acceptable to all, surface S and n̂ , be the outward unit normal of S.
PR TS Q PQ RT S Which of the following equation s is/ are

then, which one of the given options is the 

equivalent  .(u) = 0?
siblings? t
(a) T and R (b) T and Q 
(c) P and S (d) P and T (a)  t dv    . (u)dv
V  V
10. Examples of mirror and water reflections are
shown in the figures below: 
(b)  ˆ
dv    u . nds
V t S


(c)  ˆ
dv   u . nds
V t S
WATER
REFLECTION

MIRROR REFLECTION (d)  dv     . (u)dv
V t V

3. The free electron concentration profile n(x) in a

An object appears as the following image after
doped semiconductor at equilibrium is shown in
first reflecting in a minor and then reflecting on
the figure, where the points A, B, and C mark
water.
three different positions. Which of the following
statements is/are true?

The original object is

(a) (b)

(x)

(c) (c) (a) For x between B and C, the electron diffusion

current is directed from C to B.
(b) For x between B and A. the electric field is
SECTION–B (TECHNICAL SECTION) directed from A to B.
1. In the circuit shown, the n : 1 step-down (c) For x between B and A, the electron drift
transformer and the diodes are ideal. The diodes current is directed from B to A.
have no voltage drop in forward biased condition.
(d) For x between B and C, the electric field is
If the input voltage (in Volts) is Vs(t) = 10sint
directed from B to C .
and the average value of load voltage VL(t) (in
Volts) is 2.5/, the value of n is _____ 4. A machine has a 32-bit architecture with 1-word
long instructions. It has 24 registers and supports
an instruction set of size 40. Each instruction
has five distinct fields, namely opcode, two source
register identifiers, one destination register
identifier, and an immediate value. Assuming
that the immediate operand is an unsigned
integer, its maximum value is ____

(a) 8 (b) 12
(c) 4 (d) 16
4 Solved Paper – 2024

5. Consider a lossless transmission line terminated R(s), Y(s), and E(s) are the Laplace transforms of
with a short circuit as shown in the figure below. r(t), y(t), and e(t), respectively. If the input r(t) is
As one moves towards the generator from the a unit step function, then _____
load, the normalized impedances zin A, zin B, zin C (a) lim e(t) = 0
and zin D (indicated in the figure) are : t 

(b) lim e(t) does not exist, e(t) is oscillatory

t 

1
(c) lim e(t) 
t  3
1
(d) lim e(t) 
t  4
10. Suppose X and Y are independent and identically
(a) zin A = + 0.4 j, zin B = , zin C = – 0.4 j, zin D = 0 distributed random variables that are distributed
(b) zin A = – 1 j, zin B = 0, zin C = + 1 j, zin D =  uniformly in the interval [0, 1]. The probability
that X  Y is .
(c) zin A = , zin B = + 0.4 j, zin C = 0, zin D = +0.4 j
11. For non-degenerately doped n-type silicon, which
(d) zin A = + 1 j, zin B = , zin C = – 1 j, zin D = 0
one of the following plots represents the
6. A causal and stable LTI system with impulse temperature (T) dependence of free electron
response h(t) produces an output y(t) for an input concentration (n)?
signal x(t). A signal x(0.5t) is applied to another
causal and stable LTI system with impulse
(a)
response h(0.5t). The resulting output is .
(a) 2y(0.5t) (b) 4y(0.5t)
(c) 0.25y(2t) (d) 0.25y(0.25t)
7. For the Boolean function
F(A, B, C, D) = m(0, 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15)
(b)
the essential prime implicants are .

(a) BD, BD, AB (b) BD, BD

(c) AB, BD (d) BD, AB
8. The general form of the complementary function
of a differential equation is given by y(t) = (c)
(At + B)e–2t, where A and B are real constants
determined by the initial condition. The
corresponding differential equation is .
d2y dy
(a) 2
5  6y  f (t)
dt dt
d2y dy (d)
(b) 4  4y  f (t)
dt2 dt
d2y
(c)  4y  f (t)
dt2
d2y dy 12. In a number system of base r, the equation
(d) 2
3
 2y  f (t) x2 – 12x + 37 = 0 has x = 8 as one of its solutions.
dt dt
The value of r is .
9. In the feedback control system shown in the
13. An amplitude modulator has output (in Volts)
6
figure below G(s) = s(t) = Acos(400t) + Bcos(360t) + Bcos(440t)
s(s  1)(s  2)
The carrier power normalized to 1  resistance
is 50 Watts. The ratio of the total sideband power
to the total power is 1/9. The value of B (in Volts.
rounded off to two decimal places) is .
Solved Paper – 2024 5
14. A White Gaussian noise w(t) with zero mean and 
N0 (c)  X  f  mT   T
power spectral density when applied to a m  
2
first-order RC low pass filter produces an output  1
(d)  X  f  mT  
n(t). At a particular time t = tk, the variance of m   T
the random variable n(tk) is . 17. For a causal discrete-time LTI system with
N0 2N 0 transfer function
(a) (b)
4RC RC 2z2  3
H(z) 
N0 N0  1  1
(c)
RC
(d)
2RC  z   z  
 3  3
15. For the closed loop amplifier circuit shown below, which of the following statements is/are true?
the magnitude of open loop low frequency small (a) The system is stable.
signal voltage gain is 40. All the transistors are
(b) The final value of the impulse response is 0.
biased in saturation. The current source lss is ideal.
Neglect body effect. channel length modulation (c) The system is a minimum phase system.
and intrinsic device capacitances. The closed loop (d) The initial value of the impulse response is 2.
Vout 18. As shown in the circuit, the initial voltage across
low frequency small signal voltage gain
Vin the capacitor is 10 V, with the switch being open.
(rounded off to three decimal places) is ____ The switch is then closed at t = 0. The total energy
dissipated in the ideal Zener diode (Vz = 5 V) after
the switch is closed (in mJ, rounded off to three
decimal places) is .

19. Let ˆi and ˆj be the unit vectors along x and y

axes, respectively and let A be a positive constant.
Which one of the following statements is

(a) 0.976 (b) 1.000 true for the vector fields F1  A(iy ˆ  ˆjx) and
(c) 0.488 (d) 1.025 
ˆ  ˆjx) ?
F2  A(iy
16. A digital communication system transmits  
through a noiseless bandlimited channel [–W W]. (a) Neither F1 nor F2 is an electrostatic field.

The received signal z(t) at the output of the (b) Only F2 is an electrostatic field

receiving filter is given by z(t) =  b[n]x(t  nT) (c) Only F1 is an electrostatic field.
n  
where b[n] are the symbols and x(t) is the overall (d) Both F1 and F2 are electrostatic fields.
system response to a single symbol. The received 20. In the context of Bode magnitude plots,
signal is sampled at t = mT. The Fourier 40 dB/decade is the same as
transform of x(t) is X(f). The Nyquist condition (a) 12 dB/octave (b) 10 dB/octave
that X(f) must satisfy for zero intersymbol
(c) 6 dB/octave (d) 20 dB/octave
interference at the receiver is .
21. Let R and R3
denote the set of real numbers and
  m the three dimensional vector space over it,
(a)  Xf    T
m    T respectively. The value of & for which the set of
  m 1 vectors
(b)  X f    {[2 –3 ], [3 –1 3], [1 –5 7]}
m    T T
does not form a basis of R3 is .
6 Solved Paper – 2024

22. In the circuit below, assume that the long the y axis). It is incident normally on an ideal
channel NMOS transistor is biased in saturation. electric conductor (conductivity,  = ) at x = 0.
The small signal trans-conductance of the The position of the first null of the total magnetic
transistor is gm Neglect body effect, channel field in the air (measured from x = 0, in metres)
len gth modulation and intr insic dev ice is .
capacitances. The small signal input impedance 3
Zin(j) is ____. (a) – 6 (b) 
2
3
(c) – 3 (d) 
4
27. The information bit sequence (1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1) is
to be transmitted by encoding with Cyclic
Zin(j) C1 Redundancy Check 4 (CRC-4) code, for which the
generator polynomial is C(x) = x4 + x + 1. The
CL encoded sequence of bits is ___
(a) {1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1}
g m 1 1 (b) {1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0}
(a)  
C1CL  2 jC1 jCL (c) {1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0}
g m 1 (d) {1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0}
(b) 
C1CL  2 jC1  jCL 28. Consider two continuous time signals x(t) and
y(t) as shown below
1 1
(c) 
jC1 jCL
gm 1 1
(d) 2
 
C1CL  jC1 jCL
23. In the given circuit, the current Ix (in mA) is ___.

24. In the circuit given below, the switch S was kept

open for a sufficiently long time and is closed at
time t = 0. The time constant (in seconds) of the
circuit for t > 0 is ____ If X(f) denotes the Fourier transform of x(t), then
the Fourier transform of y(t) is ____
1
(a)  X(f /4)e  jt (b) – 4X(4f)e– jf
4
1  j4 t
(c) – 4X(4f)e– j4f (d)  X(f /4)e
4
29. Consider a system S represented in state space as
25. A source transmits symbols from an alphabet of dx 0 2 1 
  x  0  r, y  [2  5]x
size 16. The value of maximum achievable dt 1 3  
entropy (in bits) is ____ Which of the state space representations given
26. A uniform plane wave with electric field below has/have the same transfer function as
2 x that of S?
 j
E(x)  A y aˆ y e 3 V/m is travelling in the air dx  0 1 1 
(a)   x    r, y  [0 2]x
(relative permittivity, r = 1 and relative dt  2 3  0 
permeability, r = 1) in the +x direction (Ay is a
dx  0 1 1 
positive constant, â y is the unit vector along (b)   x  0  r, y  [1 2]x
dt  2 3   
Solved Paper – 2024 7

dx 1 0   1  35. A continuous time signal x(t) = 2 cos (8t + /3) is

(c)   x   3  r, y  [1 1]x sampled at a rate of 15 Hz. The sampled signal
dt  0 2  
xs(t) when passed through an LTI system with
dx 1 0  1 impulse response
(d)   x  1 r, y  [1 2]x
dt  0 2    sin 2t 
h(t) =   cos(38t – /2)
30. A full scale sinusoidal signal is applied to a  t 
10-bit ADC. The fundamental signal component produces an output x0(t). The expression for x0(t)
in the ADC output has a normalized power of is ____.
1 W, and the total noise and distortion normalized (a) 15 sin(38t + /3) (b) 15 cos(38t – /6)
power is 10 W. The effective number of bits
(c) 15 sin(38t + /6) (d) 15 sin(38t – /3)
(rounded off to the nearest integer) of the ADC
is . 36. A 4-bit priority encoder has inputs D3, D2, D1
and D 0 in descending order of priority. The
(a) 10 (b) 9
two-bit output AB is generated as 00, 01, 10, and
(c) 8 (d) 7 11 corresponding to inputs D3, D2, D1 and D0,
31. For the two port network shown below, the value respectively. The Boolean expression of the
of the Y21 parameter (in Siemens) is . output bit B is ____.
(a) D3 D2  D3 D1 (b) D3 D2
(c) D3 D1 (d) D3 D2  D3 D1
37. The opamps in the circuit shown are ideal, but
have saturation voltages of 10 V.

32. Consider a unity negative feedback control

system with forward path gain
K
G(s) = as shown.
(s  1)(s  2)(s  3)

Assume that the initial inductor current is 0 A.

The input voltage (Vi) is a triangular signal with
The impulse response of the closed-loop system peak voltages of 2 V and time period of 8 s.
decays faster than d– t if . Which one of the following statements is true?
(a) –4  K –1 (b) 1  K  5 (a) V01 is delayed by 1 s relative to Vi, and V02 is
(c) 7  K  21 (d) –24  K –6 a trapezoidal waveform.
33. Consider the Earth to be a perfect sphere of (b) V01 is delayed by 2 s relative to Vi, and V02 is
radius R. Then the surface area of the region, a triangular waveform.
enclosed by the 60°N latitude circle, that contains (c) V01 is not delayed relative to Vi, and V02 is a
the north pole in its interior is . trapezoidal waveform.
( 2  1)R2
(a)  2  3  R 2
(b)
2
(d) V01 is not delayed relative to Vi, and V02 is a
triangular waveform.
sin(z)
(2  3)R 2 2R 2 38. Let z be a complex variable. If f(z) =
(c) (d) z2 (z  2)
8 2 3
and C is the circle in the complex plane with
34. The photocurrent of a PN junction diode solar z = 3 then  f (z)dz is ____.
cell is 1 mA. The voltage corresponding to its c
maximum power point is 0.3 V. If the thermal 1 
voltage is 30 mV, the reverse saturation current (a) – 2j (b) j    
2 
of the diode (in nA, rounded off to two decimal
1 
places) is . (c) j     (d) 2j
 2 
8 Solved Paper – 2024

39. Consider a MOS capacitor made with p-type 44. In the circuit shown below, the transistors
silicon. It has an oxide thickness of 100 nm, a M1 and M2 are biased in saturation. Their small
fixed positive oxide charge of 10–8 C/cm2 at the signal transconductances are g m1 and g m2
oxide-silicon interface, and a metal work function respectively. Neglect body effect, channel length
of 4.6 eV. Assume that the relative permittivity modulation and intrinsic device capacitances.
of the oxide is 4 and the absolute permittivity of
free space is 8.85 × 10–14 F/cm. If the flatband
voltage is 0 V, the work function of the p-type
silicon (in eV, rounded off to two decimal places)
is .
40. The sequence of states (Q 1Q 0) of the given
synchronous sequential circuit is ____.

(a) 11  00  10  01  00
Assuming that capacitor C1 is a short circuit for
(b) 00  01  10  00 AC analysis, the exact magnitude of small signal
(c) 01  10  11  00  01
Vout
(d) 00  10  11  00 voltage gain is .
Vin
41. The radian frequency value(s) for which the discrete
time sinusoidal signal x[n] = A cos(n + /3) has  1 
g m2R D  
a period of 40 is/are ____.  g m1 
(a)
(a) 0.15 (b) 0.3 1
 Rs
(c) 0.45 (d) 0.225 g m1
42. Which of the following statements is/are true (b) gm2RD
for a BJT with respect to its DC current gain ?
 1 
(a) Under high-level injection condition in forward g m2 RD  R B  
 g m1 
active mode,  will decrease with increase in
(c) 1
the magnitude of collector current. RB   Rs
(b)  will be lower when the BJT is in saturation g m1
region compared to when it is in active region.
 1 
(c) Under low-level injection condition in forward g m2 RD  R B   Rs 
 g m1 
active mode, where the current at the (d)
emitter-base junction is dominated by 1
RB 
recombination-generation process,  will g m1
decrease with increase in the magnitude of 45. Let X(t) = A cos(2f0t + ) be a random process,
collector current. where amplitude A and phase  are independent
(d) A higher value of  will lead to a lower value of each other, and are uniformly distributed in
of the collector-to-emitter breakdown the intervals [–2, 2] and [0, 2], respectively.
voltage. X(t) is fed to an 8-bit uniform mid-rise type
43. An NMOS transistor operating in the linear quantizer. Given that the autocorrelation of X(t)
region has IDS of 5 A at VDS of 0.1 V. Keeping
2
VGS constant, the VDS is increased to 1.5 V. is Rx() = cos(2f0), the signal to quantization
3
W
Given that  n Cox  50 A /V 2 , , the transcon- noise ratio (in dB, rounded off to two decimal
L
ductance at the new operating point (in A/V, places) at the output of the quantizer is .
rounded off to two decimal places) is ____
Solved Paper – 2024 9

46. The relationship between any N-length sequence 4

x[n] and its corresponding N-point discrete (a) Q(1)
3
Fourier transform X[k] is defined as
2
X[k] = F{x[n]}. (b) Q(1)
3
Another sequence y[n] is formed as below
4
y[n] = F{F{F{F{x[n]}}}} . (c) Q(2)
3
For the sequence x[n] = {1, 2, 1, 3}, the value of
Y[0] is . 2
(d) Q(2)
3
47. In the circuit below, the opamp is ideal.
50. Let F1, F2, and F3 be functions of (x, y, z). Suppose
that for every given pair of points A and B in
space, the line integral C (F1dx  F2 dy  F3 dz)
evaluates to the same value along any path C
that starts at A and ends at B. Then which of the
following is/are true?
(a) There exists a differentiable scalar function
f(x, y, z) such that F1  f , F2  f , F3  f .
x y z
If the circuit is to show sustained oscillations,
F1 F2 F3
the respective values of R1 and the corresponding (b)    0.
frequency of oscillation are ____. x y z

1 F3 F2 F1 F3 F2 F1

1 (c)  ,  ,  .
(a) 2R and (b) 29R and y z z x x y
(2 6RC) (2RC)
(d) For every closed path , we have
1 1
(c) 2R and (d) 29R and   F1dx  F2dy  F3dz   0.
(2RC) (2 6RC) 
48. A satellite attitude control system, as shown 51. The propagation delay of the 2 × 1 MUX shown
1 in the circuit is 10 ns. Consider the propagation
below, has a plant with transfer function G(s) = 2
s delay of the inverter as 0 ns.
K(s  )
cascaded with a compensator C(s) = ,
s4
where K and  are positive a real constants.

In order for the closed-loop system to have poles

at 1  j 3 , the value of  must be . If S is set to 1 then the output Y is ____.
(a) 0 (b) 3 (a) constant at 1
(c) 1 (d) 2 (b) a square wave of frequency 100 MHz
49. A source transmits a symbol s, taken from (c) a square wave of frequency 50 MHz
(–4, 0, 4) with equal probability, over an additive (d) constant at 0
white Gaussian noise channel. The received A non-degenerate n-type semiconductor has 5%
noisy symbol r is given by r = s + w, where the neutral dopant atoms. Its Fermi level is located
noise w is zero mean with variance 4 and is at 0.25 eV below the conduction band (EC) and the
 t2
donor energy level (ED) has a degeneracy of 2.
1  Assuming the thermal voltage to be 20 mV. The
independent of s. Using Q(x)  x e 2 dt, the
2 difference between EC and ED (in eV, rounded off
optimum symbol error probability is ____. to two decimal places) is .
10 Solved Paper – 2024

53. In the network shown below, maximum power 1 k 

is to be transferred to the load RL. 55. Consider the matrix   , where k is a
2 1 
positive real number. Which of the following
vectors is/are eigenvector(s) of this matrix?
 1 
(a)  
 2k
 1 
(b)  
  2/k 
The value of RL (in ) is ____.
54. A lossless transmission line with characteristic  2k 
(c)  
impedance Z 0 = 50  is terminated with an  1 
unknown load. The magnitude of the reflection
co-efficient is  = 0.6. As one moves towards  2k 
(d)  
the generator from the load, the maximum value  1 
of the input impedance magnitude looking
towards the load (in ) is ____.

ANSWERS
Section – A (General Aptitude)

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (d)

7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (b)

Section – B (Technical Section)

1. (c) 2. (b, d) 3. (a, c, d) 4. (2047) 5. (d) 6. (a)

7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (0.5) 11. (a) 12. (11)

13. (2.5) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (a) 17. (a, b, d) 18. (0.125)

19. (c) 20. (a) 21. (5) 22. (a) 23. (2) 24. (0.75)

25. (4) 26. (d) 27. (d) 28. (c) 29. (b, c) 30. (c)

31. (1.5) 32. (b) 33. (a) 34. (4.13) 35. (b) 36. (a)

37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (4.32) 40. (a) 41. (a, b, c) 42. (a, b, d)

43. (52.5) 44. (c) 45. (45.15) 46. (112) 47. (c) 48. (c)

49. (a) 50. (a, c, d) 51. (c) 52. (0.18) 53. (2.5) 54. (200)

55. (a, b)
Solved Paper – 2024 11

EXPLANATIONS
Section–A (General Aptitude) • Sentence Q : "Shifu said, 'Surely my running
away from the bull is also an illusion.'" This
1. Let's evaluate each option :
sentence shows Shifu's response to his student's
(a) The ratio of the percentage of population question, acknowledging the inconsistency
falling into overweight category to the
between his belief and his actions.
percentage of population falling into normal
category has increased in 20 years. Therefore, the most logical sequence that
maintains a coherent narrative flow is (a) RSPQ.
• In 2003 : 35% overweight / 25% normal
= 1.4 3. According to the question :
• In 2023 : 40% overweight / 15% normal Five year ago;
= 2.67 Son’s age = x
• The ratio has indeed increased. Father’s age = 4x
(b) The ratio of the percentage of population And after (five year);
falling into obese category to the percentage Son’s age = (x + 10) & father age = (4x + 10)
of population falling into normal category has
decreased in 20 years. As given that
• In 2003: 20% obese / 25% normal = 0.8 After five year the age ratio of son and father is
=2:5
• In 2023: 25% obese / 15% normal = 1.67
(x  10) 2
• The ratio has increased, not decreased. =
4x  10 5
(c) The ratio of the percentage of population
falling into underweight category to the (5x + 50) = (8x + 20)
percentage of population falling into normal 3x = 30
category has decreased in 20 years. x = 10
• In 2003: 20% underweight / 25% normal So, that son’s age five year ago = 10
= 0.8
And, father’s age five year age = 4  10 = 40
• In 2023: 10% underweight / 15% normal
So, the time of son’s birth father’s age
= 0.67
= 40 – 10 = 30 year
• The ratio has decreased.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.
(d) The percentage of population falling into
normal category has decreased in 20 years. 4. Let us consider :
• True, as per the data: from 25% in 2003 to x = (3199 – 3196)
15% in 2023. = 3196 (33 – 1)
So, the incorrect option is (b) the ratio of the = 3196  26
percentage of population falling into obese = 2  3196  13
category to the percentage of population falling
into normal category has decreased in 20 years. So, the greatest prime factors of given expression
is 13.
2. The coherent passage would be :
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
• Sentence R : "Shifu once proclaimed that all
life is illusion." This sentence sets the context 5. As given figure :
for the story, introducing Shifu's belief system.
• Sentence S : "One day, when a bull gave him
chase, Shifu began running for his life." This
sentence introduces the situation that
challenges Shifu's belief.
• Sentence P : "Shifu's student exclaimed, 'Why
do you run since the bull is an illusion?'" This
sentence shows the student's reaction to
Shifu's actions, highlighting the contrast r = 0.5 cm
between Shifu's belief and his behavior.
l = 10 cm
12 Solved Paper – 2024

For the given figure : 1

 logab =
Length of the tape = (2r  4 + 2r) log b a
 8r + 2r
So, log 2x  log 3x  log 4x = 1
 8  0.5 + 2  0.5 = (4 + ) = 7.1416
 log 24 =1
So, area of tape = 10  7.1416 = 71.416 cm2 x

 10(4 + )  x = 24
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer. Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
6. As given that 9. Let's analyze the given room allocations :
I. Condition : Two identical sheets A and B, • PR : This means P and R share a room.
with the dimensions 24 cm  16 cm. • TS : This means T and S share a room.
(i) Folding first time F01 : • Q : Q has a room by themselves.
24 24 • PQ : This means P and Q share a room.
• RT : This means R and T share a room.
16  8
• S : S has a room by themselves.
(ii) Folding second time (F02) : Given that two of them are siblings and they
cannot share a room, we can infer the following :
• P and R are not siblings because they share a
room.
So, the Perimeter = 2(24 + 4) = 56 cm • T and S are not siblings because they share a
II. Condition : room.
(i) Folding first time F01 : • Q is a single child, so Q cannot be one of the
siblings.
12
24 So the only possibility left is that the siblings are
T and either P or R.
16  16 Among the options provided :
(A) T and Q - This option is not possible because
6 Q is a single child.
(ii) Folding second time (F02) : (B) T and S - This option is not possible because T
and S share a room, and T cannot be siblings
with S.
(C) T and R - This option is not possible because
T and R share a room. (D) P and T - This option
So, the perimeter = 2(16 + 6) = 44 cm is possible because T and P do not share a
Therefore, the ratio = 56 : 44 = 28 : 22 room, and T can be a sibling with P.
= 14 : 11 Therefore, the correct answer is (d) P and T.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer. 10. As given that,
7. In the first set of words, "charm  enamor 
bewitch" implies a progression of increasing
intensity of attraction or fascination. Similarly, in
the second set of words, "bored  weary" implies
a progression of increasing intensity of disinterest
or exhaustion. The word that appropriately fits this
progression and reflects increasing intensity of
disinterest or exhaustion is "jaded."
Hence option (c) is the correct answer.
8. As given expression;
1 1 1 Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
 log x  log x  log x = 1
2 3 4
Solved Paper – 2024 13

• Therefore : The electron diffusion current

Section–B (Technical Section) will be directed from the region of higher
1. As given circuit ; concentration (C) to the region of lower
D1 concentration (B).
(ii)Electric Field :
~
• Electric field : The electric field points in
the direction that a positive charge would
experience a force.
D2 • In the graph : The slope of the curve is
VS = 10 negative. This indicates a positive electric
As we know that ; field pointing in the direction of increasing
 2.5  electron concentration (rightward).
2VM
VDC =  VL (t)    • Therefore : Between B and A, the electric
  
field is directed from right to left (B to A),
2.5 which is opposite to what statement 2
=
 claims.
2.5 (iii) Electron Drift Current :
VM =  1.25
2 • Drift current : Electrons move due to the
 VS = 2VM = 2.5 V electric field.
We also know that • In the graph : As mentioned earlier, the
VS N electric field is directed from right to left
 = 2 (B to A).
VP N1
• Therefore : The electron drift current will
2.5 1 also be directed from right to left (B to A).
=
10 n
(iv) Electric Field (Again) :
n : 1 = 10 : 2.5
• As explained earlier, the slope of the curve
=4:1 is negative, indicating a positive electric
 n =4 field pointing in the direction of increasing
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer. electron concentration (rightward).
2. As given that • Therefore : Between B and C, the electric
field is directed from left to right (B to C).

   u  = 0 In conclusion, statements i, iii, and iv are
t
true, while statement ii is false.

=      u  Hence, options (a, c & d) are correct answer.
t
4. As given that ;

dV =      u  dV A, 32-bit architecture with 1 word long instructions
t (1 word) = 32-bits

 t dV =       u  dV Number of registers = 24
S Bits required  2n = 24
 n = log2(24)
 t dV =   u nˆ dS
V S  n = 5-bits
Hence, option (b & d) are correct answer. Number instructions = 40
3. (i) Electron Diffusion Current : To maximize the immediate value, we want to
• Diffusion : Electrons tend to move from minimize the number of bits allocated to the
regions of high concentration to regions of opcode
low concentration.  2n = 40
• In the graph : The electron concentration  n = log2 (40)
(n(x)) is decreasing from left to right
So, n = 6-bits
(between B and C).
Each register field requires (n) is 5-bits.
14 Solved Paper – 2024

Instruction format would be ; 7. As given that :

f(A, B, C, D) = m(0.2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15)
Now by using KMAP :
CD
AB CD CD CD CD
 Immediate value bits = 32 – (6 + 5 + 5 + 5) AB 1 1
0 1 3 2
= 32 – 21 = 11-bits BD
AB 1 1
The range of unsigned values = 0 to 2n – 1 4 5 7 6
AB
(Maximum value) AB 1 1 1 1 P.I
12 13 15 14 BD
= (0 to 211 – 1 = 0) to (2048 – 1) = 0 to 2047
AB 1 1
Therefore the maximum unsigned integer value 8 9 11 10
of the immediate operand in this machine is 2047.
5. As given circuit : So, the essential prime implicants are :
BD, AB & BD
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
(Z L = 0) 8. As given that :
Complementary function y(t) = (At + B)e–2t
According to the above figure  (C1 + C2t)e–2t
Therefore, roots are = –2, –2
Zs/c = jZo tan l.
So, the normalized impedance So, AE is (m + 2) (m + 2) = 0
ZS C m2 + 4m + 4 = 0

ZS C = Z0
 jtan l Now by replace (m  D) we get,
(D + 2)2y = 0
As we know that
(D2 + 4D + 4)y = 0
 Z  jZ0  So, the required different ;
Zin = Z0  1 
 Z0  jZ1  d2 y dy
4  4y = f(t)
 2   dx 2 dx
Thus, Z in A = j tan     j tan    4   j1 
  8 Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
 2   9. As given system :
Z in B = jtan      (Open circuit)
  4  6 
G(s) =  
 2 3 
Z in C = jtan      j 1  
s s  1  s  2  
  8  As we know that
 2   The characteristic equation,
Z in D = j tan     0 (Short circuit)
  2 1 + G(s) = 0
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.  6 
6. As given that So,  1    =0
h(t)
 s  s  1  s  2  
x(t)   y(t)
s(s + 1) (s + 2) + 6 = 0
So, y(t) = x(t) * h(t) (s3 + 3s2 + 2s + 6) = 0
L. T. I. Now, by using final value theorem
x(0.5 t)
h(0.5 t)  SR(S) 
lim  e(t)  lim 
As we know that S0 1  G(s)  H(s) 
t
 
1 Here all the poles of R.H.S. must be in L.H.S.
x(at) * h(at) = y(at)
a then only
L.H.S = R.H.S.
1
x(0.5 t) * h(0.5 t) = y(0.5t)
0.5  1  S(S  1)(S  2) 
 lim  3 
= 2 y (0.5 t)   S  3S  2S  6  
x 0 2

Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

Solved Paper – 2024 15

Clearly, here the internal coefficient product is 12. Sum of roots  12 = (r + 2) = (8 + x)

equal to external coefficient product i.e., Product  37 = (3r + 7) = (8x)
So, 32 =61 3r + 7 
(r + 2) = 8 +  
So, the given system is marginally stable system.  8 
Therefore, e(t) not exist because system is (8r + 16) = (64 + 3r + 7)
oscillatory system. 5r = 55
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer. r = 11
10. According to the question : So the value of r = 11.
13. As given that
A cos  400t   B cos  360t   Bcos  440t 
S(t) =   
 Carrier power  Side Band Power 
As we know that,
P(X  Y) = P(X – Y  0) A2
The carrier power (PC) =  50 Watt ( given)
Let us consider : 2
Z = X + (–Y) A = 10
 B 2 B2
And, the side Band Power (PSB) =  = B2
 P(Z  0) =  fz (Z)dz 2 2
0
So, the ratio of total side band power to the total
fz(Z) = fx(Z) * f–y(Z)
power
fz(z)
x=y
 
(x  y) PSB  B2  1
=  2 2   (given)
(x  y) Pt A B  9
0 1
x  2 
 A2  2
So, the required probability (P (x  y)) ; 9 B2 =  2   B
 
 Area of the shaded region   A2  50
=
 Area of sample space   B2 =   8 
 2  8
1  50
 2 11 1 So, B=  25/4
=     0.5 8
 1  2 5
   2.5
=
2
11. For non-degenerately doped n-type silicon,
14. According to the question;
The plots represent the temperature (T) dependence
of free electron concentration density () :

So, E[n(t)] = E[W(t)] · H(0)

E[n(t)] = 0
E[n2(t) = E(n(t))  var  n(t) 
2

Hence option (a) is the correct answer. var  n(t) = E  n 2 (t) 

 
16 Solved Paper – 2024

Now, at t = tk 

var  n(t) t t = E  n 2  t k    E  n  t k   n  t k  
x(t)     t  nT   x(0)(t)
n 
k  
= Rn(0) x(t)    t  nT   (t)
2 N0 1 1  2 
Sn(t) = SW (f )  H(f ) =  x() *        ns   1
2 1   RC  2 
2  T 
Now to find Rn(t) by using the inverse Fourier 
transform (IFT) of Sn(f).   x    n   T
n 
s

N0
Rn(t) = IFT Sn (f ) 
 e RC 
 n
4RC   x f  T   T ( n = m)
By performing this operation and simplifying the n 

result, we arrive the answer; 

 m
N0
=  f  T   T
m 
Rn(0) =
4RC Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
15. As given that 17. As given that ;
The open loop gain
(AOL) = 40
2z 2  3
H(z) =
 1  1
As given circuit is differential amplifier  z  3  z  3 
  
So, the system is non-minimum phase system.
Since zero are lying outside the unit circle.
Initial value :

h(0) = lim
 2z 2
3 
+ z   1  1
 z   z  
– Vf
 3  3
(Source)

 3
Vf = Vout z2 2  2 
 z 
= lim
Vf z   1  1
  = 1 z 2 1   1  
Vout  3z  3z 
As we know that
 3
The closed loop gain 2  z2 
 
A OL 40 40 = lim
(ACL) = = 
z   1  1
1  A OL 1  1  40 41 1  3z  1  3z 
  
A CL  0.976 2
= 2
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer. 1 1
16. For zero ISI, x(t) is pulse should have zero Final value :
crossings at  T,  2T,  3T .....
h() = lim 1  z 1  H(z)
z 1
 
2z2  3
h() = lim 1  z 1
z 1
  1  1
0
 z  z 
 3   3 
Now, from H(z) given system :
1 1
So, z  0, z   0
3 3
n
n 1 1
z=  , z 
3 3
Solved Paper – 2024 17

z =
1
 0.33 = A 0iˆ  0ˆj   1  1  kˆ 
3
Hence, the system is stable. = 2Akˆ
If, |pole| < 1 then pole are lying inside the unit So, F1 is electrostatic field F2 is not a electrostatic
circle.
field.
18. As given that
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.
At steady state Vt = 5 Volt ; ZD : open  = 0
20. As we know that
When switch is closed capacitor start discharging
towards zenerdiode and 10 K resistor.  20  ndB/decade = 6  n dB/octave
40 dB/decade = 12 dB/octave
Vc(t) = 10e t/RC , R  C = 0.1 sec
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
Zener diode remains on till VC becomes 5 V.
21. As given that ;
5 = 10e  t1 / RC The sets of vectors :
 t1 = RC ln 2 = 0.0693 sec [2, –3, ], [3, –1, 3], [1, –5, 7]
The maximum dissipation will happen at the To form basis all vectors should be in dependent
beginning of discharge operation. for not forming a basis of R3,
Current in the circuit is i(t) = I0 e  t/ RC So, there must be L.I and its condition A = 0
10  5 2 3 
So, I0 =  0.5 mA
10k 3 1 3 = 0
Total energy dissipated in zener diode is, 1 5 7
t1
 2(–7 + 15) + 3 (21 – 3) + [–15 + 1] = 0
W=  V  i(t)dt
t
0  16 + 54 +  (–14) = 0
 t/RC
Where, i(t) = 0.5e 14 = 70
0.0693

So, W=  5  0.5e  t /RC dt 5

0
22. As given circuit :
0.0693
= 2.5  0.1 e  t/ 0.1  0
gVm1
W = 0.125 mJ Zin I0
+
19. As we know that; I0 1
V1
+ C1 gm –
All electronstatic fields are conservative. So for a Zin(j)  C1 VO –
electrostatic field curl must be zero i.e.,
CL (I 0+ gVm)1
CL
F = 0
As given that As we know that
F1 = A yiˆ  xjˆ  V1  ZC1  I0
 
 V0  I0 ZC 1   I0  g m V1  ZC L  0
ˆi ˆj kˆ
   F1 = A  x  y  z
 V0  I0 ZC 1  I0  ZC L  g mZC L I0 ZC 1  0

y x 0 V0  I0 ZC 1  ZCL  g m ZC1  ZCL 

V0
= A 0iˆ  0ˆj  1  1  kˆ  = 0
  Z in 
I0

 ZC1  ZCL  g m ZC L ZC1 
F2 = A yiˆ  xjˆ  1 1 gm
=   2
jC1 jCL  CL C1
ˆi ˆj kˆ 1 1 gm
   F2 = A  x  y  z zin =  
jC1 jCL 2 C1CL
y x 0 Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
18 Solved Paper – 2024

23. As given circuit So, Leq = 3H

V1 1000 I0 V2 st
Req = (2 + 2) = 4 
As we know that the time constant
1 k 1 k 1 k
5 mA
Leq
V
I0 = 1 2 mA
 () =
Ix R eq
1k

3
By appling KCL at V1 and V2. =  0.75 sec
4
V1 V2
  2  10 3  5  10 3 25. As given that
103 1  103
The alphabat size = 16
V1 + V2 = 3 ...(i)
As we know that the maximum achievable
Now, apply KVL at V1 and V2 :
entropy
V2 – V1 = 1000 I0
(Hmax) = log2(n)
 V  Hmax = log2 16
(V2 – V1) = 1000   1   V1
1 K  =4
V2 = 2V1
26. As given that
V 
V1 =  2  ...(i) The electric field
 2 
i2 x
Now, by putting in equation (i); 
3
E(x)  A y a y , e V /m
1
V2  V2 = 3 At perfect conductor,
2
So, V2 = 2 V    –1

 V  0  1
So, the value of (IX) =  2 
 1K  As we know that
 V2  0  2 When Hmin occurs at Emax
IX =  3 
 3  2 mA
 10  10 Emax  E0 [1   |]
I X  2 mA  Emax = Hmin × 
24. As given circuit ; E0
Hmin  [1 |  |]

2xmax = 2n + r  2 
    
4  
 x max  2n  
  r   

So, x max  (2n  1) ; n = 0, 1, 2, 3...
4
When the switch closed :
Now, for 1st value of x for H-field to be zero is

x max  ...(i) ; [at n = 0]
4
3
 xmax  ; [at n = 1]
4
As we know that
Now, for time constant, current source is open circuit 2
 

2
 [ from given electric field equation]
3
Now, by equating the value of 
2 2
 
 3
Solved Paper – 2024 19

So,  = 3
Now, by putting the value of x in equation (i) y = –x t
4
3 1
So, x max 
4
Hence, if the reference is not at interference then
 3 –4 –2 0 t
x    .
 4
27. As given that
The information bit sequence (d) = (111010101)
Generator polynomial (C(x)) = x4 + x + 1 x t–2
4
Now by using (CRC - 4), So;
C = 10011 –2 0 2 t
Now, generator polynomial having 5 bits
So, append 5 – 1 = 4 bits to information squence.
d=111010101 0
00
0 (Add - 4 bits)
–1
Thus,
10011 1110101010000 111111
10011 –x t – 2
1 4
0111001010000
10011
011111010000
10011
01100010000 –2 0 2 t
10011
0101110000
10011  t – 2
y(t) = –x  
001000000  4 
18011
0001100  t 2  t 1
y(t)  –x     x   
So, the original data sequence (111010101) is 4 4  4 2
appended with the CRC code, (4 bits in binary Now, by taking Fourier transform, then
{1100}
x(t)  X(f )
Hence, the encoded sequence of bits is = (1 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0)  t 1
x     4X(4f )e j4 f
28. As given time signals are : 4 2
 t 1
y(t)  x   
4 2
= – 4X(4f)e–j4f
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.
29. As we know that
From state model
Now, Length of x(t) is 1 and length of y(t) is 4.
x(t) 
1

 
Transfer function (TF)  C  sI  A  B   D 
1
–1 –0.5  s 1  0 
 t 0   2 5   1 
2 s  3  

(s  3) 1  0 
–1  2 5  
3 1 
  2
(s2  3s  2)
20 Solved Paper – 2024

 1  31. As given two-port network;

[2 5]   
s  21  I1 2 I2

 
 s2  3s  2 
 + +

  4
V1 V2
 2(s  1)  + 8V1
T(F)   
 s2  3s  2  – –

 2  s  1  I2 = Y21V1 + Y22V2
T(F)   2 

 s  3s  2   Y21 
I2
V1 V2 0
This transfer function can be written as
0 1 0  I1 2 0V I2
  x    r, +
 2 3  1  (I1 + I2)

Y = [1 2]x + [0]r V1 I1 4 I1
(2s  1)
Another possibility, (TF)  + 8V1
s2  3s  2 –

 1 3  Now applying KVL in the loop(l);

  
 (s  1) (s  2)  0 – (I1 + I2)4 + 8V1 = 0  V1 
(I1 + I2)4 = 8V1  I1  
 2 
 1 0   1 
X0    x    r, (I1 + I2) = 2V1
 0 2  3
V1
Y = [1 1]x + [0]r  I2  2V1
2
Hence, option (b & c) are correct answer. I2 = 2V1 – 0.5V1
30. As given that I2
 (2  0.5)
Nq = 10  10–6 V1
s = 1w
I
As we know that Y21  2  1.5
V1
The signal to noise and distrortion ratio (SNDR) 32. As given that
formula
K
G(s) 
 S  1 (S  1)(S  2)(S  3)
 
 Nq  10  10–6 So, the impulse response of system is
 
S  K 
5 Y(s)   
So, N  10  (S  1)(S  2)(S  3)  K 
q
 At impulse response of closed loop system
In dB = 10log10105
decay faster than e–1
We also know that So, by puting, s = s – 1,
Now, by using the (ENOB) formula
1
e –t u(t) 
 SNDR  1.76  (s  1)
n 
 6.02

 50  1.76 
 
 6.02 
n = 8.01 (s = –1)
So, the rounded off to the nearest integer n  8.
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer. ( s  (s – 1)
Solved Paper – 2024 21

So, the new characterstic equation is,   3  

(s – 1 + 1)(s – 1 + 2)(s – 1 + 3) + K = 0 = R 2    1  .2
  2  
s(s + 1)(s + 2) + K = 0
2  3 
s3 + 3s2 + 2s + K = 0 (s = z) 2
= R .
 2 
 .2 = 2  3 R 
2

z3 + 3z2 + 2z + k = 0
By RH criterion Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
34. As given that
z3 1 2
Photo current (IL) = 1 mA
2
z 3 K Voltage corresponds to max. power (Vm) = 0.3 volt
6K
z1 Thermal voltage (VT) = 30 mV = 0.03 V
3
As we know that
z0 K The reverse saluration current of the diode
6K  
 K > 0; 0  6>K
3  
IL
 So, 0 < K < 6 (I0) =  
 Vm  Vm / VT 
So, option (b) is the correct answer.  1  e  1
  TT  
33. According to the question;
 
  1mA 
 = 0° =  
North = 90°  0.3  0.3/ 0.03 
z ds = dS ^
ar  1 
0.03 
e  1 
 
 = 30°
60° = 44.127 nA
60°  4.13 nA
y Equator = 0°
35. As given that
 = 90°
R The sampling signal x(t)
x  
= 2cos  8t   . (o = 8)
From, spherical co-ordinate system  3 
Earth’ North pole,  = 0° Rate of frequency (fs) = 15 Hz
Earth’s equator,  = 90° (Sampling signal) x(t)  xS(t) 
h(t)
 x0(t)
And, from the figure : (output signal)
Earth’s North pole = 90° where, sampled signal
Earth’s equator = 0°
 sin 2t   
So, the area of the shaded portion, h(t) = 
 t  cos  38t  2 
   
dS  dsa r ...(i)  sin 2t   
h(t) =   cos  38t   
Therefore, in spherical coordinate system  t   2

 dS  r 2 sin dda r (d S  (r 2 sin d)

So, the surface Area
2 30
2
S = dS =     r sin dd
0 0

= 2R2[1 – cos 30°] 

So, After sampling (Xs()) = fs  X(  ns )
30 2 n 
= r 2  sin d  d at r = R
 0  0
Frequency components present in sampler output
(ns o); If (n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...)
= R2 –   cos  0  .  0
30 2
  We get, o, s  o, 2s  o, ....
= R2 – {– [cos 30° – cos 0°]} . (2– 0) (o = 8 & s = 30)
22 Solved Paper – 2024

8, 30  8, 60  8, ... 10

=  10 V  1V
8, 22, 38, 52, 68, ... (rad/sec) 100
So, the system will pass ‘38’ component of input. So, the wave form for both V01 and V02
(fs = 15 Hz)
fs   
xo(t) = 2  cos 38t   
2  3 2 1


= 15cos  38t  
 6 –1
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
36. As given that
Here, V01 is square wave. It is delayed by 1 s
A 4-bit priority encoder has inputs D3, D2, D1 and
relative input Vi.
D0 in descending order of priority.
V02 is getting saturated in less than half time
period. Thus V02 is a combination of ramp and
constant portion. Hence, V 02 resembles of
trapezoidal wave form.
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
38. As given that
D0 D1 D2 D3 A B
0 0 0 0   sin z
I =  2
dz ( z = 2 simple pole)
C z (z  2)
1 0 0 0 0 0
( z = 0, 0 Multiple pole)
 1 0 0 0 1
So, the residue of f(z) at (z = 2) (R1);
  1 0 1 0
   1 1 1 = lim .(z  2)f (z)
z 2

The Boolean expression of the output bit (B) is  sin z 

= lim.  2  = 0
= D3D2  D3D1
z2
 z 
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer. The residue of f(z) at (z = 0, m = 2) (R2);

37. As given figure 1  d2 1 

= 2
 21 (z  0) f (z)
2  1  dz  z 0
 d  sin z    (z  2) cos z()  sin z 
So,  dz  z  2   =  
    z 0  (z  2)2  z 0
 (0  2) cos(2) .   sin 0 
=  
 (0  2)2 

=
2
Now, by using C – R.T.;
As we know that I =  f (z)dz
C
For non-inverting type Schmitt Trigger (Opamp A1);
= 2i [Residue of f(z) at (z = 2)
R1
VUT =  VSat + Residue of f(z) at (z = 0, m = 2)]
R2
= 2j(R1 + R2)
10
=  10 V  1V 
100 = 2j  0  
 2
R1
VLT =  VSat 4  2 j
R2 = = –2j
4
Solved Paper – 2024 23

39. As given that

Q 1+ Q 0 Q1+ Q 0
An oxide thickness (tox) = 100 nm clk T1= T0= Q1 Q0
Afixed oxide charge (Qox) = 10–8 C/cm2 0 0
Work function (m) = 4.6 eV
1 0 1 0
As we know that
1 1 0 1
Q
Actual (VFB) = ox + ms 0 1 0 0
Cox
Qox So, 00  10  01  00
0= + ms ...(i)
Cox
T1  T0 
4  8.85  1014 Q1 Q0
where

Cox = ox =
100  109  100
Q 1  Q0   Q1  Q 2 
tox
1 1
= 4 × 8.85 × 10–14 × 105
1 1 0 0
= 35.4 × 10–9 F/cm2
1 0 1 0
 Qox  108 1 1 0 1
So,   =
 Cox  35.4  10 9 0 1 0 0
10 So, 11  00  10  01 0 0
= volt
35.4
Hence option (a) is the correct answer.
Where, (Qox  Positive)
41. As given that
Qox
  (Negative)  
Cox x[n] = A cos n 
 3 
Q  N = 40
Now, putting the value of  ox  in equation (i)
 Cox   =?
10 As we know that
0=  ms
35.4 Q m
=
10 2 N
So, ms =
35.4  m
 ms = (m – s) So, =
2 40
10 2
So, m – s =   = m    m  0.05 
35.4 40
10 Now putting the value of m from (1 to 10).
s = m –
35.4   = 0.05 
10   = 0.05  at m = 1
= 4.6 – = 4.317 Volt
35.4   = 0.10  at m = 2
 4.32 eV (m = 4.6 eV)
  = 0.15  at m = 3
Hence, the work function of the p-type   = 0.20  at m = 4
semiconductor silicon is 4.32 eV.
  = 0.25  at m = 5
40. As given circuit
  = 0.30  at m = 6
  = 0.35  at m = 7
  = 0.40  at m = 8
  = 0.45  at m = 9
  = 0.50  at m = 10
Hence, option (a, b & c) are correct answer.
24 Solved Paper – 2024

42. Let's analyze each statement : 1 + 0.5(0.1) =  VGS  VTh 

(a) Under high-level injection condition in
1.05 volt = VGS – VTh
forward active mode,  will decrease with an
increase in the magnitude of collector current. If VGS  fix
This statement is true. Under high-level So, VDS = 1.5 V > VGS – VT (MOS is in saturation)
injection conditions, the increase in the So, the transconductance at the new operating
collector current leads to an increase in the point in (A/V)
charge stored in the base region, which can W
reduce the effective minority carrier lifetime, gm (sat) =  nCox    VGS  VT 
L
thereby decreasing .
= 50  10–6  1.05
(b)  will be lower when the BJT is in the
saturation region compared to when it is in = 52.5  10–6 A/V
the active region. = 52.5 A/V
This statement is true. In saturation, the 44. According to the question
transistor operates with both junctions
forward-biased. At this point, the increase in
collector current is not accompanied by a
significant increase in the base current,
leading to a decrease in  compared to the
active region.
(c) Under low-level injection condition in forward
active mode, where the current at the
emitter-base junction is dominated by the
recombination-generation process,  will
decrease with an increase in the magnitude
of collector current.
This statement is false. Under low-level
injection conditions, the collector current is Vx
primarily determined by the diffusion of
minority carriers injected from the emitter.
The recombination-generation process doesn't
significantly affect  in this condition.
(d) A higher value of  will lead to a lower value
of the collector-to-emitter breakdown voltage.
This statement is true. A higher value of 
V0 V V
leads to a higher collector current for a given  = 0 x ...(i)
base current. Higher collector current can Vin Vx Vin
result in larger power dissipation in the device, Where,
which can lower the breakdown voltage.
 1 
Therefore, statements (a), (b), and (d) are true. R B  
Vx  g m1 
43. As we know that  = and
Vin  1 
For linear region of MOS; RS  RB  
 g m1 
 W  1 2 
ID =  nCox    VGS  VTh  VDS  VDS 
L
  2  V0  R D   V0 
 =      g m 2 R D 
6  1 2 Vx  1 g m 2  V
 x 
5  106 = 50  10  VGS  VTh  0.1   0.1 
 2  By putting these values in eq. (i) ;
1 1  
=  VGS  VTh  0.1   0.1 1
2

10 2 gm 2R D  R B  
V0  gm1 
So, =  
0.1 + 0.5(0.1)2 =  VGS  VTh  0.1 Vin  1 
RS  R B  
 g m1 
Solved Paper – 2024 25

 1  =  4  1  2  1  3
2
gm 2R D R B  
 g m 1 
= = 16  7 = 112
 1 
RS  R B   Hence, the sequence x(n), the value of y(0) is 112.
 g m1 
47. As given circuit ;
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.
45. As given that
x(t)  A cos  2f0    

2
Rx() = cos  2f0   (  = 0)
3
2
S = R x (0) 
3
Now according to the question : As we know that,
1
The frequency of oscillations (f0) = ,
2RC
A V0
Vi
As we know that
Vf
B
2
Nq = ...(i) For sustained oscillations, minimum gain should
12
be 3.
4 2   2 
where, = 8
  R 
2 28 A = 1  1   3
Now, by putting the value of  in eq. (i) ;  R
 R1 = 2R
42
Nq = V 
216 B=  f 
12  V0 
24 1  = 2 f0
=
12  216 12  212 AB  1
The signal to quantization noise ratio at the output Hence option (c) is the correct answer.
of the quantizer.
48. As given that ;
 S  2  12  212  1
So,   =    G(S) = ;
3  1 
 Nq  S2
= 32,768 K(S  )
C(S) = ...(i)
S4
 S 
In dB :  = 10 loge (32768) = 45.15 dB
 N 
 q dB
46. As we know that
For, the sequence x(n) = {1, 2, 1, 3}
3 1 k S   
Y[k]K = 0 =  y[n]
n 0
So, G(S)C(s) =
S2  S  4 
3 So, the characteristic equation is
=  N x[n]
n 0
2
( y(n) = N2x[n]) S3 + 4S2 + kS + K = 0 ...(i)

= N 2  x  0  x 1  x 2   x 3  ( N = 4) So, the poles of the system a  5 = 1  j 3

26 Solved Paper – 2024

Thus, the characteristic equation is  r  4 

2

1
(S + a) [(S + 1)2 + 3] = 0 So, f r 4 =
e 24
2
(S + a)(S2 + 2S + 4) = 0
Now, the optimum symbol error probability
S3 + (2 + a)S2 + (4 + 2a)S + 4a = 0 ...(ii)
Where, (Pe) = P  4  Pe4  P(0) Pe  P(4) Pe ...(i)
Now, compare equation (i) and (ii), 0 4

2+a =4 1
Where, P(–4) = P(0)  P(4) 
3
a2
 Pe–4 = P(r > – 2) where, r = N(–4, 4)
4 + 2a = k
= 1  1  Fr  2  
4+22 =k
k 8   2  4  
= 1  1  Q     Q(1)
  2 
Now, k = 4a ...(i)
 Pe = P(r < – 2) + P(r > 2) where, r = N(0, 4)
4a 4  2 0
So,  =
k

8
1 = Fr (2)  1  Fr (2)
 2  0   20
 1 =  1  Q     Q 
49. As given that   2   2 
The received noisy symbol = 1  Q  1   Q(1)  2(Q)(1)
(r) = s +   Pe = P(r < 2) where, r = N(4, 4)
4

1
 = Fr(2)
e
 t2 2
Function Q (x) = dt
2 = 1  Q 
24
x

 2 
= 1  Q  1  Q(1)
2
1
f() = e 2 4

2 Now putting all values in equation (i)

1 2 1
So, Pe = Q(1)  Q(1)  Q(1)
3 3 3
4
Q(1) =
3
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
50. As given that
The line integral
Now, source transmits a symbol s taken from
(–4, 0, 4) with equal probability    F dx  F dy  F dz 
C
1 2 3

So, the transmission of (–4  r)

 r =s+ =  F  dr is independent of contour C
C
 r =–4+ As we know that
2
 r  4 
1 F is conservative field :
So, f  r 4  = e 24
2 F = f
And, the transmission of (0  r) f
r =s+  F1 =
x
r =0+ f
2  F2 =
1  2r4 y
So, f  r 0 = e
2 f
 F3 =
transmission of 4  r z
(r = s + ) = (4 + ) Therefore, option (a) is correct.
Solved Paper – 2024 27

Now for F is conservative; where :

• nd is the concentration of ionized donors
So, that   F = 0
• Nd is the total concentration of donor atoms
i j K
• g is the degeneracy of the donor level (2 in
   
 = 0 this case)
x y z
• ED is the energy of the donor level
F1 F2 F3
• EF is the Fermi level
 F F   F F   F F  • k is the Boltzmann constant
= i 3  2   j 3  1   K  2  1 
 y z   x z   x y  • T is the temperature
 0iˆ  0ˆj  0kˆ = 0 ...(i) Now, use the given information to express nd :
The problem states that 5% of the donor atoms
 F        0 are neutral, which means 95% are ionized. This
So, option (b) is not correct. can be expressed as :
Now, from option (c); nd = 0.95 Nd ...(ii)
F3 F2 F3 F1 F2 Now, substitute the second equation into the first
F1
Then, = , = , = equation and solve for ED – EF :
y z x z x y
So, option (c) is correct. Nd
0.95 Nd =
1  E  EF 
When F is irrotational then, 1  exp  D 
2  kT 
 F dx  F dy  F dz
1 2 3 =0
1  E  EF  1
C 1 exp  D  = 0.95
So, option (d) is also correct. 2  kT 
51. As given circuit  E  EF  1
exp  D  = 2
Time interval :  kT  0.95
1
ED – EF = kT ln 

 2
 0.95 
Where,
kT = 20 mV = 20  10–3 V
1
 Total time in one cycle (TC) = (10 + 10) = 20 n sec So, ED – EF = 20  103 V ln 
  
 2
 0.95 
= 20  10–9 sec
= 0.07275 eV
As we know that
Thus, the difference between EC and ED :
1 EC – ED = (EC – EF) – (ED – EF)
fC =
TC = 0.25 eV – 0.07275 eV
10 9
= 0.17725 eV
=
20 Therefore, the difference between EC and ED is
= 50 MHz 0.18 eV, rounded to two decimal places.
Hence, a square wave of frequency 50 MHz. 53. As given circuit :
52. As we know that, Vx V – Vx
2 – + I1 =
The concentration of ionized donors to the Fermi 2
level : 3
I2 = V –+
Nd 5 2 I2 I
nd = ...(i) Vx
1  E  EF  +
1  exp  D  V 1 Volt
g  kT  –
28 Solved Paper – 2024

By applying KCL : 55. As we know that :

I = I1 + I2 The eigen value equation is
V  Vx V A  I = 0
I= 
2 5
1 K
V Vx V 2 1 
=0
=   ...(i)
2 2 5
   1
2
 2K = 0
 V 
 Vx  5  3  2 + 1 – 2 – 2K = 0
 
 2 – 2 + (1 – 2K) = 0
 V 1  3V  V 
 I =     
2 2  5  5 2  4  4 1  2K 
So, the eigen values  =
2
 5V  3V  2V 
I=   ( V = 1 Volt)  = 1  2K
 10 
And for vector (E) ;
4V
=
10  = 1  2K
2  AX = X
= V
5 So, (A – I)X = 0
2   2K K  x1  0 
I= Amp    =  
5 x
 2  2K   2  0 
Now by Ohm’s law :
V = I Rth  2K x1  K x 2 = 0

V 51 K
 Rth =   2.5  So, x1 = x2
I 2 2
54. As given that,  x1   K 2 
Z0 = 50  X =   
 x 2  1 
 = 0.6
Zmax = ?  1 
  
As we know that :   2 K 
Zmax = SZ0 ...(i) Similarly for vector E is
1  1  0.6  K 2   1 
Where, VSWR (S) =  X =     
1  1  0.6  1   2 K 
1.6 Hence, option (a & b) are correct answer.
4 =
0.4
Now putting the value of (S) and (Z0) in eqn. (i)
So, Zmax = 4  50
= 200 W
Z max  200 