Applications of AI in Various Domains
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming various industries by automating tasks,
improving decision-making, and enhancing user experiences. Here are some key areas
where AI is widely used:
Healthcare
Disease Diagnosis: AI helps in early disease detection (e.g., cancer detection using
medical imaging).
Robotic Surgery: AI-powered robots assist in precise and minimally invasive surgeries.
Drug Discovery: AI accelerates drug formulation by analyzing chemical properties.
Virtual Health Assistants: AI chatbots and applications assist patients with medical
queries (e.g., Ada, Babylon Health).
Finance
Fraud Detection: AI algorithms analyze transaction patterns to detect suspicious
activities.
Automated Trading: AI predicts market trends and executes stock trades efficiently.
Chatbots for Banking: AI-powered chatbots provide customer support (e.g., HDFC's
EVA, SBI's SIA).
Risk Assessment: AI evaluates credit scores for loan approvals.
Education
Personalized Learning: AI adapts to students' learning speeds and styles.
Automated Grading: AI-powered tools assess assignments and exams.
Virtual Tutors: AI-based tutors help students understand complex subjects.
Smart Content Creation: AI generates summaries and learning materials.
Retail & E-commerce
Recommendation Systems: AI suggests products based on user behavior (e.g., Amazon,
Flipkart).
Chatbots for Customer Service: AI assistants handle queries and complaints 24/7.
Inventory Management: AI optimizes stock levels and supply chain logistics.
Visual Search: AI helps users find products through images instead of text searches.
Manufacturing & Automation
Predictive Maintenance: AI detects potential equipment failures before they occur.
Robotics in Assembly Lines: AI-powered robots assist in assembling products.
Quality Control: AI inspects products for defects and ensures consistency.
Transportation & Autonomous Vehicles
Self-Driving Cars:
Traffic Management: AI optimizes traffic signals and reduces congestion.
Route Optimization: AI suggests the best routes for deliveries and navigation (e.g.,
Google Maps).
Entertainment & Media
Content Recommendation: AI suggests movies, music, and shows (e.g., Netflix,
Spotify).
Deepfake Technology: AI creates realistic fake images and videos.
AI-Generated Content: AI writes articles, scripts, and even music.
Cybersecurity
Threat Detection: AI identifies cyber threats and prevents attacks.
Biometric Authentication: AI enhances security using facial and fingerprint recognition.
Automated Security Monitoring: AI continuously analyzes systems for vulnerabilities.
Agriculture
Crop Monitoring: AI analyzes soil conditions and plant health using drones.
Automated Irrigation: AI optimizes water usage based on weather and soil data.
Pest Detection: AI identifies pest infestations and suggests countermeasures.
Smart Assistants & IoT
Virtual Assistants: AI powers Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant.
Smart Homes: AI-enabled devices automate home appliances (e.g., Nest Thermostat).
IoT Integration: AI connects smart devices for enhanced automation.
Intelligent Agents
Advantages:
Works without heuristics (problem knowledge not needed).
Ensures no state is left unexplored (systematic approach).
Some algorithms (BFS, UCS, IDS) guarantee optimality.
Disadvantages:
Can be slow and memory-intensive, especially for large problems.
Some algorithms (DFS, DLS) may fail to find a solution.
No guidance toward the best path (random exploration).
d) Characteristics of BFS
Completeness: Always finds a solution if one exists.
Optimality: Yes, if all edges have equal cost.
Time Complexity: O(b^d) (b = branching factor, d = depth).
Space Complexity: O(b^d) (high memory usage).
e) When to Use?
When optimal solutions are needed.
When the state space is not too large.
The syntax of FOPL defines the set of symbols and rules used to construct valid statements.
FOPL is commonly used to represent knowledge in AI and databases.
a) Representing Real-World Knowledge
b) Converting Natural Language to FOPL
"Every student who studies AI is intelligent."
1. Identify Quantifier: x (For all students)
2. Identify Subject: Student(x)
3. Identify Relationship:
4. FOPL Representation: x (Student(x) Studies(x, AI) Intelligent(x))
c) Limitations of FOPL
Expressiveness: Cannot represent uncertainty (handled better by probabilistic
logic).
Computational Complexity: Logical inference can be expensive.
Knowledge Representation Issues: Some concepts are difficult to express in
pure logic.
5. Applications of FOPL
a) Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems
Used in knowledge representation for AI systems.
Helps in logical reasoning for AI applications like chatbots and autonomous
systems.
b) Database Query Languages
Used in Relational Databases (SQL) to express complex queries.
Example: Finding students enrolled in a specific course.
c) Automated Theorem Proving
Used in mathematical proofs and logic-based AI reasoning.
d) Semantic Web
Used in ontology representation (e.g., OWL Web Ontology Language).
a) Unification in Prolog Queries
When a user queries a fact or rule, Prolog tries to unify the query with available facts in the
knowledge base.
