January, 2021 Instructor: Aditya Ghosh
Ramanujan School of Mathematics
Class Test 3 on Calculus
Time allotted: 2 hours Total points: 40
Attempt all the questions. You can use any result discussed in the class, but you have to state
it properly. Since it is a ‘take-home’ exam, I can only request you to take the test honestly
and abide by the time limit. Do not cheat to yourself. All the best!
1. (5+5 points)
(a) Let g : R → R be a differentiable function. Assume that g(x0 ) = 0 and g 0 (x) > g(x)
for every x ∈ R. Prove that g(x) > 0 for every x > x0 .
(b) For any a > 0 prove that the equation aex = 1 + x + x2 /2 has a unique real root.
2. (3+3+4 points) Let p1 , p2 , . . . , pn ∈ (0, 1) such that ni=1 pi = 1. For α ≥ 0, α 6= 1,
P
define X n
1 α
H(α) = log pi .
1−α i=1
(a) Calculate limα→1 H(α).
(b) Show that
n
dH(α) 1 X
= zi log(pi /zi ),
dα (1 − α)2 i=1
Pn
where zi = pαi / j=1 pαj .
(c) Hence or otherwise show that H(α) is a non-increasing function of α.
3. (10 points) Find the area of the largest circle centred at the origin which is inscribed
between the graphs of the functions
1 1
y= 2
, and y = − .
1+x 1 + x2
(You need not find an approximate value, just find an expression.)
4. (10 points) Suppose that f : [0, π] → R is a differentiable function (assume that the one
sided derivatives exist at both the endpoints) such that there is no x ∈ [0, π] satisfying
f (x) = f 0 (x) = 0.
Show that the set S = {x : f (x) = 0} must be finite.
