📘 GE POLITICAL SCIENCE:
CHEAT SHEET
✅ Unit 1: Globalisation
1. Globalisation = cross-border economic, political, cultural
flows.
2. State shifts from welfare provider → facilitator.
3. Market = privatisation, deregulation, "McDonaldisation."
4. Civil society = watchdog role (NGOs, Amnesty).
5. Power shared among state, market, civil society.
✅ Unit 2: Governance – Conceptual
Dimensions
1. Governance = process of decision-making &
implementation.
2. Good Governance (World Bank, 1989) = TRAPEQAR
model.
3. Governance ≠ Government (multi-actor vs top-
down).
4. Features: transparency, accountability, participation.
5. Example: RTI, Digital India, MGNREGA.
✅ Unit 3: Governance Framework in India
1. Based on Constitution – rule of law, separation of powers.
2. Institutions: Parliament, Judiciary, Bureaucracy, CAG.
3. Non-state actors: citizens, NGOs, media.
4. Tools: RTI, e-Governance, Lokpal, Citizen’s Charter.
5. Goal = service delivery + justice + inclusion.
✅ Unit 4: Stakeholders in Governance
1. Stakeholders = all actors involved/affected by governance.
2. Includes state (govt, judiciary, bureaucracy) + non-state
(media, NGOs).
3. Civil society & citizens → watchdog + feedback role.
4. Media → awareness + accountability.
5. Interdependence = core of modern governance.
✅ Unit 5: Changing Dimensions of
Development
1. Development shifted from GDP → Human Development
(HDI).
2. Sustainable = environment-friendly (SDGs, Green Growth).
3. Inclusive = equity for SC/ST/women/poor.
4. Participatory = Gram Sabhas, social audits.
5. Example: PMAY, MGNREGA, Jal Jeevan Mission.
✅ Unit 6: Strengthening Democracy through
Governance
1. Democracy ≠ elections only → daily governance
matters.
2. Tools: RTI, PRIs, Citizen’s Charter, social audits.
3. Governance = people-first, transparent, participatory.
4. Local bodies = decentralisation of power (73rd/74th
Amendments).
5. Example: MyGov, e-Courts, Gram Sabhas.
✅ Unit 8: ICT & Governance
1. E-Governance = use of ICT for service delivery.
2. G2C, G2G, G2E, G2B models (e.g., CPGRAMS, GSTN).
3. Platforms: UMANG, DigiLocker, MyGov, RTI Portal.
4. Benefits: transparency, speed, access, accountability.
5. Digital India = major reform mission.
✅ Unit 10: Corporate Governance
1. Corporate governance = ethics + control in business
operations.
2. Principles: transparency, accountability, fairness,
responsibility.
3. CSR = 2% net profit for social welfare (Sec 135, Companies
Act).
4. SEBI, Clause 49, independent directors → ensure
compliance.
5. Scandals: Satyam → triggered reforms.
✅ Unit 12: Transparency & Accountability
1. Transparency = access to information; Accountability =
answerability.
2. RTI Act (2005) = major citizen empowerment tool.
3. Social audits, media, judiciary = accountability tools.
4. Challenges: delay, poor awareness, threats to activists.
5. Example: Jan Soochna Portal, CPGRAMS.
✅ Unit 15: RTI, Citizen’s Charter, PSGA,
CSR
1. RTI Act = legal info access, ensures transparency.
2. Citizen’s Charter = service delivery timelines (e.g.,
Passport office).
3. PSGA = time-bound services + penalty for delay (e.g., MP,
Delhi Acts).
4. CSR = corporate accountability to society (education,
health, etc.).
5. Together, they form the pillars of good governance.
🧠 Bonus Acronyms to Recall:
● TRAPEQAR → Features of Good Governance
● HDI → Life Expectancy, Literacy, Income
● PPP → Public–Private Partnership
● PRIs → Panchayati Raj Institutions (73rd Amendment)
● ULBs → Urban Local Bodies (74th Amendment)
