Experiment No.
:
AIM:- To determine Wavelength of Laser using Diffraction Grating
APPRATUS:- Optics Bench, Laser Light Source, Diffraction Grating, Viewing screen, Two fixed
stands, One sliding stand, Grating holder, Screen holder, Laser holding rod.
DIAGRAM:-
Safety
Never look directly into laser beam or stare at its bright reflections-just as you should avoid staring
at the sun or other light sources.
PROCEDURE:-
1. Place the optics bench in the dark room and adjust the height of the bench with the help of
levelling screw.
2. Fix the laser light source with a holding rod.
3. Place sliding stand on the bench (on the side having zero mark) at extreme end of the bench, and
fix it with the help of provided screw.
4. Place the laser light source on sliding stand.
5. Take out the grating carefully from the accessory box.
6. Mount the grating on grating holder from the edge without touching its surface. And place the
grating on grating stand.
7. Now place the grating stand on fixed stand at a suitable distance from the source so that Laser
light falls normally on it.
8. Place the screen on the screen holder and mount it on the second fix stand at other end of the
bench.
9. After the assembling the assembly will look as shown in figure below
10. Switch 'On' the laser light.
OBSERVATION TABLE:-
Number of lines on the diffraction grating d= 300 Per mm
Grating element (a+b) =1/N= 1mm/300 =__________mm
Distance between grating and screen = r............. cm
Sr. Order of Distance Between Bright Angle of ʎ= 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ
Spectrum Spot (cm) Diffraction θ= × sin θ
No ᴨ
(n) On On Mean θ= (radian)
one other X=
side side
1 For 1th
Order n = 1
2 For 2th
Order n = 2
3 For 3th
Order n = 3
4 For 4th
Order n = 4
5 For 5th
Order n = 5
CALCULATION:-
Formula
𝒅 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜭
λ=
𝒏
Where, d = distance between the slits.
n = Order of diffraction pattern.
ϴ = angle between the normal and Maximum.
λ = Wavelength of laser light.
𝟏𝒎𝒎
𝒅=
𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒔
–
Error = ×100
RESULT: - According to reading it since that the wavelength of laser as nearly equal to……mm
& error is found to be …. %
PRECAUTION: - Laser light must fall on the transparent portion of grating.
Note: Adjust heights of all three uprights to be nearly the same i.e., all aligned in same plane.
11. Adjust the distance between the diffraction grating and screen so that the light beam after
passing through grating produces several bright spots on the screen.
12. Set the position of screen so that the diffraction spots are sharp and bright, if necessary, adjust
the grating also.
13. The brightest spot is the central maxima and symmetrically situated on both sides of the central
maxima there are three-four spots of diminishing intensity
14. The first bright spot on either side of the central maxima is the first order spectrum. Measure
the distance between the centre of maxima and centre of first bright spot on the screen with the
help of graph scale provided on the screen.
15. The second bright spot on either side of the central maxima is the second order spectrum.
Measure the distance between the centre of central maxima and centre of second bright spot on the
screen as shown in figure 13.
16. Repeat the same procedure for 3rd and 4th order of spectrum.
17. Note the distance between grating and screen.
Note: Take the reading of the first edge of the stands on which grating and screen are mounted and
subtract them to get the distance between them.
18. Tabulate all the data in observation table.
