STO.

NIÑO COLLEGE OF ORMOC

DOÑA Feliza Mejia Village
Ormoc City 6541, Leyte, Philippines
[email protected]/ 561-4338

CHARACTER FORMATION 1

CHARACTER FORMATION 1
NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

This subject is designed to impart human development theories leading to

the uprightness of character of students who will serve the PNP organization
and abide by the rules and regulations defined in the Constitution and Code
of Conduct and ethical standards in forming nationalistic and patriotic
character.

CHARACTER FORMATION As defined by Donald (2006), is the process by which the

individual, through interaction of biologically transmitted predispositions with the
environment develop stable patterns of functioning, thinking, and feeling.
Lorwena L. Tapang, RCrim., LPT., MAEd

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Character formation in criminology refers to the process of developing and
shaping an individual's character traits and values, with a focus on
preventing criminal behavior.

Here are a few things you may already know about character formation in
criminology:

1. Socialization

2. Moral Development

3. Role of Education
4. Positive Role Models

5. Rehabilitation Programs
Importance of Character Formation

Character formation is an integral part of our education. Here are some

reasons why we never stop to emphasize the importance of character
formation:

1. Building strong values and ethics

2. Developing emotional intelligence
3. Preparing for leadership roles
4. Encouraging positive behaviour
5. Fostering a sense of purpose
Character formation plays a crucial role in education as it shapes their moral
compass, emotional intelligence, leadership skills, ethical decision-making
abilities, resilience, and sense of social responsibility.

Character is a psychological notion that refers to all the habitual ways of

feeling and reacting that distinguish one individual from another. Sigmund
Freud had a sustained interest in the question of character formation since it
touches on the major themes that interested him: "anatomy-physiological
destiny," memory traces, and, more generally, the role of acquired traits, as
well as the function of sublimation concerning the "remains" of the
pregenital libido. Character formation was understood to be based on the
mechanism of identification, that is, unconsciously identifying with character
traits derived from objects. According to Freud in The Ego and the
Id (1923b), when a lost object is re-established in the ego, thus allowing
identification to replace object cathexis, this "makes an essential
contribution towards building up what is called its 'character' "

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Value your Life

Values are fundamental beliefs that motivate your actions and attitudes.
Understanding your own life values can help you determine what is most
important to you. Gaining a sense of what you value in life can also help you
evaluate whether you are achieving your life goals.

What are life values?

Life values are the fundamental core beliefs that guide your behaviors and
goals and help you measure your overall success in your life.

Life values and work

Your values in life can also influence your priorities and how you spend your
time. If you place a high value on spending time with your family or friends,
your career considerations may include opportunities that allow you to
achieve a good work-life balance rather than working 80-hour weeks.

Changing life values

As you consider the values you hold dear, you may find that they shift as you
encounter changes in your life.

Example of life values

People all over the globe have different values that motivate them and help
them work toward success and happiness in their lives. Some values are
unique to specific cultures, while others are shared motivators that all can
understand.
 Authenticity
 Balance
 Citizenship
 Community
 Friendship
 Kindness
 Learning and knowledge
 Leadership
 Loyalty
 Respect
 Spirituality
 Wealth or status
 Recognition

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How to identify your life values

Now that you know more about some of the common life values that people
hold dear, you may be wondering what life values are most important to you
and how they influence your actions and behaviors. Follow these steps to
identify your life values.

1. Identify your happiest times

2. Consider the situation:
3. Review common values:
4. Order your values:
5. Compare:
6. Identify your top values:

1. Intellectual Virtues
1. Love of Learning
2. Wonder
3. Imaginative
4. Attentiveness
5. Orderliness
6. Teachable spirit

II. Moral Virtues

1. Kindness
2. Courage
3. Diligence
4. Humility
5. Self-control

III. Theological Virtues

1. Faith
2. Hope
3. Love of God and Neighbor

Here are some examples of minor Moral Virtues or sub-virtues,

meaning they are forms of Justice, Temperance, or Fortitude.

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  Chastity
 Meekness
 Obedience
 Clemency
 Humility
 Religion
 Piety
 Honesty
 Diligence
 Perseverance
Q: What about respect, responsibility, loyalty, hardworking, etiquette,
manners, politeness, and niceness?
A: It's important to note these really are not classical, Christian virtues. When
people call these "old fashion" they mean since the 18th or 19th c., whereas
the virtues have been discussed for thousands of years across cultures. The
American use of these terms then needs clarification. IF they are virtues, one
must define them specifically, and some common uses of them do not
qualify as virtues (this is the degree to which common sense culture has
ceased to be a Christian Culture of Virtue). If you agree to the definitions
above, then you could file them as follows:
 Respect and Responsibility might be under Piety (Justice
 Loyalty under Obedience (Justice)
 Hardworking under Diligence (Fortitude)
 Etiquette, Manners, and Politeness under Honesty (Temperance)
Niceness is not a virtue; Nice is a Vice This term almost always means the
same as the problematic definition above for etiquette, manners, and
politeness -- a pleasantry for its own sake. If one is nice when they should
admonish, then clearly niceness is not a virtue. Jesus was not nice when
he flipped the usurers' tables, but Jesus is perfectly virtuous, thus
niceness is not a virtue. If by "nice" one means "kindness," then yes this is
a virtue. But we must consider what it means to be kind. If one's kindness
does good deeds but never upsets anyone, then one is equally confused
about what kindness is.

Frequently asked questions

Can life values change over time?

Life values often evolve as we grow, learn and gain new experiences. Various
factors can influence your values, such as maturity, shifts in perspective,
cultural influences and life circumstances. Therefore, you may regularly
reassess what's important to you to ensure your actions match your current
beliefs and aspirations.

What if my values conflict with those of others?

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Conflicts in values are common, as people have different backgrounds and
perspectives on important issues. In many cases, you can respect the
diversity of values and engage in open and constructive dialogue with
others. Finding common ground, seeking understanding and practicing
empathy can help you resolve value conflicts and promote harmonious
relationships.

Can I inspire others to embrace life values?

Leading by example and sharing your experiences may inspire others to

think about their own values and make positive changes in their lives. You
may also consider that other people's values may not be the same as yours
in all circumstances due to their diverse beliefs, emotions and backgrounds,
so inspiring others may simply involve being open and caring to all types of
people.

Key Takeaways

 Your personal values are a central part of who you are – and who

you want to be.

 By becoming more aware of these vital factors in your life, you can

use them as a guide to make the best choice in any situation.

 Some of life's decisions are really about determining what you

value most. When many options seem reasonable, you can rely on

your values to point you in the right direction.

 When how you live matches your values, life is usually good. When

your existence doesn't align with your personal values, that's

when things feel... wrong and you can feel unhappy.

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Morals vs. Ethics
Ethics and morals are very similar. In fact, many ethicists consider the terms
to be interchangeable. However, there are slight differences in how they
affect our lives.

While morals are concerned with individuals feeling "good" or "bad," ethics
determine what behaviors are "right" or "wrong." Ethics dictate what
practical behaviors are allowed, while morals reflect our intentions. Consider
morals as the rulebook and ethics as the motivator that leads to proper or
improper action.

Ethics are basically an institution's attempt to regulate behavior with rules

based on a shared moral code. Violating ethics has the same consequence
as breaking a rule, while violating one's morals results in personal guilt and
shame instead of a societal consequence.

Definition and Examples of Nationalism

Nationalism is the idea that your nation, often identified by a shared

ethnicity or set of values, is better than all other nations. Nationalism can be
—and oftentimes is—expressed as aggression toward other nations.

Nationalism is built around a shared language, religion, culture, or set of

social values. A nation will emphasize shared symbols, folklore, and
mythology.

Nationalism can impact foreign and domestic political policies and typically
has economic implications.

Filipino nationalism refers to the establishment and support of a political

identity associated with the modern nation-state of the Philippines, leading
to a wide-ranging campaign for political, social, and economic freedom in the
Philippines.

Nationalism is an ideology and movement that promotes the

interests of a particular nation especially to gain and maintain the
nation's sovereignty over its homeland. Nationalism holds that each
nation should govern itself, free from outside interference that a nation
is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only
rightful source of political power.

The History of Nationalism

Nationalism, as we understand it today, didn't arise until the 17th century.

Before that, people focused on their local town, kingdom, or even religion.
The idea of nation-states can be said to have begun in 1658 with the Treaty

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of Westphalia. It ended the 30 Years' War between the Holy Roman Empire
and various German groups. Industrialization and capitalism strengthened the need
for a self-governing nation to protect business rights, and merchants
partnered with national governments to help them beat foreign competitors.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10086

AN ACT STRENGTHENING PEOPLES' NATIONALISM THROUGH

PHILIPPINE HISTORY BY CHANGING THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE
NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE INTO THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL
COMMISSION OF THE PHILIPPINES, STRENGTHENING ITS POWERS
AND FUNCTIONS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines

in Congress assembled:

Section 1. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Strengthening

Peoples' Nationalism Through Philippine History Act".

Section 2. Declaration of Policy. - It is hereby declared to be the policy of

the State to conserve, promote and popularize the nation's historical and
cultural heritage and resources. Pursuant to the Constitution, all the
country's artistic and historic wealth constitutes the cultural treasure of the
nation and shall be under the protection of the State which may regulate its
disposition.

Towards this end, the State shall provide the means to strengthen people's
nationalism, love of country, respect for its heroes and pride for the people's
accomplishments by reinforcing the importance of Philippine national and
local history in daily life with the end in view of raising social consciousness;
reinvigorating government support for historical research; and sustaining
and enhancing programs for the protection, preservation and conservation of
historical relics and memorabilia, monuments, sites and other historical
resources.

The State shall likewise give utmost priority not only to the research on
history but also to the popularization of history. In this way, the State will be
able to build a Philippine national identity based on unity and pride in
diversity held together by a common history.

The sense of national consciousness came from the Creoles, who now regard
themselves as "Filipino". It was brought to its advent by three major
factors: 1) economy, 2) education and 3) secularization of parishes. These
factors contributed to the birth of the Filipino Nationalism.

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The start of Filipino nationalism (1760s–1820s)[edit]
The term "Filipino" originally referred to the Spanish criollos of the
Philippines. During their 333-year rule of the Philippines, the Spanish rulers
referred the natives as indios.[6]

Also during the colonial era, the Spaniards born in the Philippines, who were
more known as insulares, criollos, or Creoles, were also called "Filipinos."
Spanish-born Spaniards or mainland Spaniards residing in the Philippines
were referred to as Peninsulares. Those of mixed ancestry were referred to
as Mestizos. The Creoles, despite being regarded by the Peninsulares as
inferior to them, had enjoyed various government and church positions and
composed the majority of the government bureaucracy. [7] The sense of
national consciousness came from the Creoles, who now regard themselves
as "Filipino". It was brought to its advent by three major factors: 1) economy,
2) education and 3) secularization of parishes. These factors contributed to
the birth of the Filipino Nationalism. The opening of the Philippines to the
international or world trade, the rise of the middle class, and the influx of
Liberal ideas from Europe were only a few examples of how the Philippines
developed into a stable country. "The first manifestation of Philippine
nationalism followed in the decades of the 1880s and the 1890s, with a
reform or propaganda movement, conducted both in Spain and in the
Philippines, for "propagandizing" Philippine conditions in the hopes that
desired changes in the social, political and economic life of the Filipinos
would come about through peaceful means." [8]

Contributory factors that gave birth to Philippine Nationalism

 The influx of Liberal Ideas from abroad

 The Spanish Revolution of 1869

 The Opening of Suez Canal in 1869

 The martyrdom of Fathers Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora in 1872

The Influx of Liberal Ideas from Abroad

 Philippines was opened by Spain to World Trade

 Liberal ideas, contained books and newspapers, were ideologies of

the American and French Revolutions and the thoughts of different
philosophers such as:

 MONTESQUIEU

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  ROUSSEAU

 VOLTAIRE

 LOCKE

 JEFFERSON

The impact of customs and traditions and religion on nationalism

 According to Renato Constantino, the principal exponent of nationalism

holds the view that the Philippines did not sufficiently developed pre-
colonial civilization because of scattered and fragmented Filipino
communities.

 National Literature, art, music and all other forms of culture must
therefore find their source and inspiration on the people’s activities
and dedicate their achievements to the people.

Rizal Vision

 As gospels of Philippine nationalism, Rizal’s novel convey the essence

of his nationalism that was to resound in the hearts of the people.

 He identified this essence in his letters as his aspiration to alleviate the

sufferings of the masses, to make men worthy, to avenge one day the
many victims of cruelty and injustice, to erect a monument to the
naltive tongue and to educate his people.

 In the two novel, the essence of Rizal’s nationalism is best understood

through the keen study of the characters. Through their dialogue and
actions, in their ideas and ideals, or in the lack of these are seen
Rizal’s range of vision, his concept of love of country, his appeal for
reforms, his attitude towards the friars, and his views on the
weaknesses of the Filipinos.

Religious Nationalism

The Spanish Friars were the crucial elements in the Westernizing the
Philippine Archipelago, and in spreading the Christian faith in this part of the
world.

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The apostolic zeal of the missionaries followed up the efforts of men like
Miguel Lopez de Legaspi, and aided to consolidate the enterprise of
hispanizing the Philippines.

FILIPINO CHARACTER TRAITS AND CULTURE THAT AFFECTS THE

DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONALISM

Propensity for gambling

 Like all people on earth, Filipinos have bad and good traits.

 Most scandalous of their character defects is their propensity for

gambling.

 They would bet for almost anything

 Their favorite forms of gambling are cockfighting, horse races, jueteng,

blackjack, poker, mahjong and etc.

Inveterately extravagant

 They love colorful fiestas, expensive clothes and jewelry and gay
parties.

 No day ever pass in the Philippines without a costly fiesta, for every
barangay, town and city, the archipelago has a patron saint, whose
annual feast day is celebrated with great extravaganzas.

Fatalistic in their outlook in life

 They tend to believe that whatever happens, good or bad, is due to

fate (tadhana).

 So they accept with uncomplaining resignation what ever happens to

them, and face the future with the expression: “Bahala Na”, the
equivalent of the Spanish “ Que Sera Sera” (what will be, will be).

Lack of discipline and perseverance

 A character trait caused perhaps by their tropical environment.

 They seem to have stamina for long difficult task.

 Normally they begin their work with great enthusiasm, but like a cogon
fire which burns brightly for a brief time and then soon disappears.

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Hospitable

 Most admirable of the character traits of the Filipinos is their proverbial

hospitality.

 They receive all foreigners, including their former foes in wars, in their
country and home with warm hospitality and friendship.

Close family ties and extended family structures

 Apart from being loyal to their blood relatives. Filipinos adapt new kins
(kumpadre and kumare ) through having male and female sponsors
(ninong and ninang) during baptisms and weddings.

Gratitude (utang na loob)

 Is another excellent trait of the Filipino

 They are grateful to those wo have given them favors or who are good
to them.

 Their high sense of gratitude is expressed in the phrase “utang na

loob” or (debt of honor).

Cooperativeness

 They value the virtue of helping each other and other people.

 They cherish ancestral trait of bayanihan (cooperation), which can

mean helping a rural family move their small hut to another place.

Bravery

 Filipino rank among the bravest people on earth. They bravely resisted
the Spanish, American, and Japanese invaders of their native land.

 To them, courage is a badge of manhood, and it has been shown on

Filipino soldiers service during battles and wars.

 Another example is the courage to stand up for people power

revolution.

Passionately romantic and artistic

 Owing to the effect of their beautiful country, Filipinos are passionately

romantic and artistic.

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  They are dedicated and in love as they are fierce in battle.

 They are also born musicians, singers, artists, and poets.

Intelligent

 According to David P. Barrows an American educator, Filipinos have

quick perception, retentive memory, aptitude, and extraordinary
docility making them the most teachable person.

Adaptability, Endurance and Resiliency

 Throughout the ages, they have been lashed by all kinds of sufferings
like: invasions, revolts, was, earthquakes, typhoons, volcanic eruptions
and epidemics.

 Against the winds of adversities which regularly visits their land, they
simply bend, but never break, for they have durability of the Narra tree
and resiliency of the bamboo.

Deep spiritual yearning and gift of faith

 According to Jesuit historian Horacio de la Costa, “God gave the

Filipinos 2 gifts: “The gift of Faith, and The gift of Music”

 Filipinos tend to take their spiritual obligations with utmost devotion

and faithfulness – whatever their religion may be.

Racial and cultural diversities

 The Philippines is strategically located to be populated by many races

and to be open to different cultures from East and West.

 Filipinos are a virtual blend of many races. That is why Filipinos

displayed remarkable adaptability resulting in a many-sided culture
heritage.

Filipino Nationalism and its Barriers

The emergence of Filipino nationalism came as the end of a long process set
in motion by Spanish misrule and exploitation, hastened by the political and
economic developments in the Philippines and Europe.

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The insular mountainous character of the Philippine geography limited social
contact and communication. The dismal state of transportation and
communication facilities rendered these as natural barriers to develop our
nationalism and limits our national consciousness.

Quest for nationalism

The Filipino quest for independence continued until 1935 when the United
States promised to withdraw on a definite date.

During this period, Filipino efforts were largely channeled into a

constitutional struggle, but not should be taken of the militant spirit which
tried to kindle the nationalist movement into armed revolt.

Ways To Promote Filipino Nationalism

Nationalism, a word which means ideology that emphasizes loyalty, devotion

or allegiance to a nation and holds that such obligations outweigh other
individual or group interests (Britannica.com). It is relevant that we learn
from our past to explain the present and to imagine our future as Filipinos. A
lot of Filipinos, especially our heroes, devoted and risked their lives to
achieve the freedom which we have long been enjoying. It is duly rightful to
know the different ways in which we can express Filipino Nationalism during
the present time. As published in scribd.com, there are 10 modern ways to
do this as listed below.

1. Respect the Philippine Flag and value the Filipino identity

2. Be a productive citizen
3. Be aware of the issues in our country
4. Stand proud of every Filipino achievement
5. Patronize and support our products
6. Preserve the Filipino culture
7. Respect everyone and value our traditions
8. Speak out our language
9. Remember and commemorate our heroes’ sacrifices for our country
10. Love our family, our neighbors, and our compatriots

Nationalism vs. Patriotism

Nationalists' feeling of superiority differentiates their nationalism from

patriotism. Patriotism equates to pride in one's country and a willingness to
defend it.

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Nationalism, on the other hand, extends that to arrogance and potential
military aggression. Nationalists believe they have a right to dominate
another nation because of their superiority. They may feel that they are
doing the conquered a favor. This attitude can encourage militarism.

PATRIOTISM: I LOVE MY NATIVE LAND

Patriotism is defined as “love of country and caring for the welfare of the
people.” While a patriot is someone who loves, supports, and defends his
country of birth. Many Filipinos claim to love the Philippines. And love should
be expressed both in words and action. It does not mean, however, we have
to fight and die for the Philippines just like our great heroes did in the past.
By constantly exercising simple acts of service we display love for our
country. John Devine said, “Patriotic talk is no proof of patriotism. Anyone
can wave a flag. The real patriot lives his patriotism in everything he does.”

Consequently, we are to continuously highly prioritize the purchase of locally

made products; we are to boost by word of mouth the beautiful aspects of
the Philippines particularly to foreign acquaintances; we are not to demean
the Philippines in comparison to the countries we visited; we are to
constantly abide with the law, especially in the observance of traffic rules, no
littering policy, paying of proper taxes, and now the practice of COVID-19
minimum health standards such as physical distancing and wearing of face
masks; As government officials and employees, we are not to misuse
government funds rather utilize it to its lawful allocations for the well-being
of our constituents, and we are not to abuse our natural resources rather
enrich it and be good stewards.

Furthermore, we are to be proud and grateful for being Filipino and of the
Philippines for it is what the Sovereign God made us be. The Scripture
says, “From one human being he created all races of people and made them
live throughout the whole earth. He fixed beforehand the exact times and
the limits of the places where they would live” . Finally, patriotism is love
shown in words and action for our native land - the Philippines our
Philippines.

‘Patriotism’ is about political allegiance (and, of course, loyalty),

commitment, and dedication. In briefest compass, it means love of one's
country or nation and is one of the oldest political virtues.

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Patriotism depends upon an often unarticulated principle that is the
political counterpart to the ‘blood is thicker than water’ adage, which
reminds people that they should prefer their families before all others.

Patriotism is a feeling of attachment and commitment to a country, nation,

or political community. Patriotism (love of country) and nationalism (loyalty
to one’s nation) are often taken to be synonymous, yet patriotism has its
origins some 2,000 years before the rise of nationalism in the 19th century.

Greek and especially Roman antiquity provide the roots for a political
patriotism that conceives of loyalty to the patria as loyalty to a
political conception of the republic. It is associated with the love of law and
common liberty, the search for the common good, and the duty to behave
justly toward one’s country. This classical Roman meaning
of patria reemerges in the context of the Italian city republics of the 15th
century. Here, patria stands for the common liberty of the city, which can
only be safeguarded by the citizens’ civic spirit. For Niccolò Machiavelli, the
love of common liberty enabled citizens to see their private and particular
interests as part of the common good and helped them to resist corruption
and tyranny. While this love of the city is typically intermixed with pride in its
military strength and cultural superiority, it is the political institutions and
way of life of the city that form the distinctive focal point of this kind of
patriotic attachment. To love the city is to be willing to sacrifice one’s own
good—including one’s life—for the protection of common liberty.

Patriotism is very important. The feeling must especially be born in the

youth of the country so they act as responsible citizens. Youth is the future of
the nation and for the bright future of the country, they need to protect and
preserve the nation and act in its best interest to make it outshine. It is
important, as patriotism instills love for one's country, creates a sense of
unity, and fosters a positive national identity that brings a sense of belonging
among fellow Filipinos.

Patriotism at its core, holds immense significance in our lives as it serves

as a unifying force that binds individuals together under a shared love and
sense of duty towards their country. It embodies a deep-rooted respect for
the principles, values, and ideals that a nation stands for.

In other words, patriotism has historically meant a love for and devotion to
one's fatherland, or country of origin. Patriotism encompasses devotion to
the country as a whole – including all the people who live within
it. Nationalism refers to devotion to only one group of people over all others.

José Rizal (1861-1896) is one of the most revered figures in Philippine

history. He was a multifaceted intellectual and a political activist, best known

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for his political writings that inspired the Philippine revolution and ultimately
led to his execution by the Spanish colonizers.

The essence of the justification is as follows: patriotism is to

be viewed as valuable insofar as it is an indispensable instrument for the
upholding of the central republican ideal, namely freedom understood as
non-domination.

Among the most important things that it inculcates are patriotism,

obedience, loyalty to the group, and a willingness to employ violence in the
resolution of disputes.
Patriotism
Obviously patriotism is important to a military organization. It is a motivating
factor for most who enter military service; for the remainder it must be
instilled. If one is to be counted on to risk his life for something, his belief in
it must be firm. So military training dwells upon the history and traditions of
one’s nation. It instills pride in those traditions and emphasizes the necessity
for upholding them.
Obedience
There is probably nothing more important to a military organization than
absolute obedience. In the life-and-death situations which military personnel
are often called upon to face there is no room for questioning or thinking
about an order.
Loyalty to the group
Success in any group endeavor depends upon cooperation. In fact, in the
military, staying alive frequently requires cooperation. This is the
phenomenon known as esprit-de-corps.
Willingness to employ violence
Underlying everything else, the basic purpose of a military force is combat.
Military personnel also have impressed upon them the idea that if they ever
come face to face with an enemy it is a situation of “kill or be killed.”

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By living according to good citizenship values which we can derive from the
preamble of the Constitution Faith in God, Unity, Patriotism, Work, Respect
for Life, Respect for Law and Government, Truth, Justice, Freedom, Love,
Equality, Peace, Promotion of the Common Good, Concern for the Family and
Future Generations, ...

THE 1987 CONSTITUTION

OF THE
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

PREAMBLE
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty
God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a
Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote
the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure
to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and
democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice,
freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this
Constitution.

Good Citizenship Values and Youth Moral Recovery Program for

Nation Building
What are its Objectives?
What is Good Citizenship and Youth Moral Recovery Program for Nation
Building ?

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What are the Good Citizenship Values and Its Learning Outputs?

 To grow in awareness of the 4 clusters of 17 basic values of good

citizenship embodied in the Constitution.

 To appreciate the meaning and significance of these basic values.

 To be motivated to do our best, using our particular

positions, resources, and capabilities, to nurture

these basic values among all within our sphere of influence
According to Commissioner Teresita D.Baltazar “Good governance is not
enough to let us work on being good citizens.
She maintains that, “If we have to build a better nation we have to demand
from ourselves, each of us to be a good citizen that is value-based and
values-driven. Let’s not leave our future in the hands of our leaders alone. By
living according to good citizenship values, we can derive from the Preamble
of our Constitution.”

Develop values and habits of discipline and hard work self-reflection, and
analysis, along with the internalization of spiritual values.

Develop a sense of the common good, the ability to look beyond selfish
interest, a sense of justice, and a sense of outrage at its violation.

The Good Citizenship Values Cluster (Based on the 1987 Philippine

Constitution)

A. Pagkamaka-Diyos (Love of God)

1. Faith in the Almighty

2. Respect for Life

3. Order

4. Work

5. Concern for the Family and Future Generations

B. Pagkamaka-Tao (Humane Love)

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 1. Love

2. Freedom

3. Peace

4. Truth

5. Justice

C. Pagkamaka-Bayan

1. Unity

2. Equality

3. Respect for Law and Government

4. Patriotism

5. Promotion of the Common Good

D. Pagkamaka-Kalikasan

- concern for the environment

Patriotism – is support for one’s country because you feel pride in it, and a
belief in the values of that country.
Nationalism – a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above
all others and placing emphasis on the promotion of its culture and interest
as opposed to those of other nations or supranational.

You may call yourself a patriot if you consider these:

1. Respect the flag and value Filipino identity
2. Know your nation’s history and be able to share it to others.
3. Be a productive citizen.
4. Be aware of the issues in our country.
5. Stand proud for every Filipino achievements.
6. Patronize and support our own products.
7. Respect everyone and value our traditions.
8. Speak out our language and not hesitant to tell where you really
came from.
9. Remember and commemorate our heroes’ sacrifices for our country.
10. Love our family, our neighbors’ and our compatriots.

20
The differences between Nationalism and Patriotism are:

Nationalism Patriotism

Nationalism involves National Identity Patriotism involves social conditioning

and personal opinions

Nationalism is little aggressive by Patriotism is little passive by nature

nature

In Nationalism people consider their In Patriotism, all nations are

nation as superior to other nations considered as equals.

Nationalism unites people against a Patriotism unites people for the overall
foreign hostile nation, it unites people well being and prosperity of the nation.
against a common enemy.

In Nationalism the sentiments are more In Patriotism, the sentiments are more
inclined towards sentiments and inclined towards the idea of peaceful
aggression towards other nations. coexistence between nations.

Under concept of Nationalism, people Under Patriotism, there is more

find it hard to accept criticism towards tolerance towards criticism and tries to
one’s nation and considers it as incorporate improvements and
humiliation or an insult changes for the better.

Nationalism gives more emphasis on Patriotism gives more emphasis on the

the heritage, culture and language of a values and beliefs of a nation.
Nation

Nationalism tries to find justifications Patriotism does not try to justify

for the mistakes done in the past. mistakes rather they try to understand

21
 the shortcomings and make
improvements accordingly.

What Is Social Responsibility?

Social responsibility is an ethical framework and suggests that an
entity, be it an organization or individual, has an obligation to act for the
benefit of society at large. Social responsibility is a duty every individual has
to perform so as to maintain a balance between the economy and the
ecosystems.
This responsibility can be passive, by avoiding engaging in
socially harmful acts, or active, by performing activities t h a t d i r e c t l y
advance social goals. Social responsibility must be
intergenerational since the actions of one generation have
consequences on those following Duties and Obligations of Filipino Citizen
1.It is the duty of every Filipino to respect, honor, and give due accord
to his Filipino heritage, patrimony, values, and tradition.
2. Every Filipino must contribute to the development,
welfare, and nation-building of their country.
3. Every Filipino must engage in gainful work to assure himself
and his family a life worthy of human dignity.
4. Loyalty to the republic and national consciousness,
aspirations, and ideals shall be asked of every Filipino citizen.
5.Every Filipino citizen is asked to uphold the Constitution, obey
the laws of the land, pay taxes and duties, and to cooperate with the
duly constituted authorities in the attainment and preservation of a just
and orderly society.
6.Every Filipino citizen must give due honor to the Philippine
flag, National Anthem, Philippine President, and other national symbols
and emblems.
7.It is the duty of every Filipino citizen to defend the national
territory from aggressive invaders, protect the sovereignty of its
people, and preserve the continuity of a just, humane society and
government.
8.It is the duty of every Filipino to report to the proper
authorities all plots of terrorism, plans of rebellion, subversion, or
insurrection toward the duly and legally acknowledge government, and
other acts that will compromise the union and sovereignty of the federal
republic.
9.It is the obligation of every Filipino, to report corrupt,
dishonest, or fraudulent government officials to the proper forum,
courts and agencies. A Filipino shall not tempt or bribe government

22
officials, steal from the coffers of the government, or escape or abandon
his lawful responsibilities.

It is the responsibility of every Filipino to elect officials of government as a

means of demonstrating his personal ideals and aspirations for the
motherland. Omission or abstention from this responsibility may
indicate a person's renunciation of his right of suffrage. No fine or
inappropriate or excessive penalty shall be asked from him as
reparation for his choice not to vote. People, who lost their social right of
suffrage, may reclaim such right in accordance of law.

Who are the Citizens of the Philippines?

A Filipino citizen may be considered natural-born or naturalized citizen.
Both statuses bestow upon the individual certain privileges and
exclusive rights such as the rights to vote, to run for public, etc.
which may be denied the foreigner.

What is a good Filipino citizen?

A good Filipino citizen is one who plays an active and intelligent
role as a member of the community.
He is one who fulfills his duties and obligations to the government
and society. He possesses the traits of respectfulness, courtesy a n d
consideration for parents and elders and for others.
H e o b s e r v e s punctuality, promptness, and good moral conduct.

How to Be a Good Citizen?

To be a good citizen first you have to be a good person. By that it
means that you have to be full of values, principles, ethics, etc.
When joining all these aspects together you will find out that there is
nothing else to be needed.
One important aspect for being a good citizen is to help people. Remember
that little actions make the difference.
Another important thing we have to remember for being a good citizen
is to have an active participation in our community.
The last recommendation for being a good citizen is the respect
toward the people that live around us.

The concept of citizenship was born in the city-states of Ancient

Greece; specifically, in Athens. Greek education at the time was
designed to instruct citizens in the values, intellectual frameworks, and
habits-of-mind required to be free men.
After all, a nation is only as healthy as its citizens.

23
1. A G o o d C i t i z e n i s P a t r i o t i c - Patriotism is having and showing
devotion to your country. Some ways to show patriotism include the
following:
a)Brush up on your country's history.
b)Read up on social studies.
c)Obey the rule of law.
d)Pay your taxes. e)Learn the national anthem.
f)Fly your country's flag.
g)D o n ' t l i t t e r o r e n g a g e i n a c t s o f v a n d a l i s m t h a t
d e f a c e y o u r environment.
h)Travel around your country and talk to your fellow
citizens.
i)Cheer for your country's team in sports events (World
Cup, I'm looking at you).

2.Model the Personal Qualities of Good Citizens. The personal qualities of a

good citizen include the following:
a)Honesty - tell the truth.
b)Integrity - be morally upright.
c)Responsibility - be accountable for yourself and your actions.
d)Respectfulness - treat others how you want to be treated.
e)Compassion - show fellowship with your compatriots who are
down on their luck by volunteering and/or making donations to
charities.
f)Kindness - be friendly.
g)Tolerance - be tolerant of other races and religions.
h)Courtesy - be considerate of others.
i)Self-Discipline - have self-control and cultivate the ability to
follow through on what you say you're going to do.
j)Moral Courage - stand up for what you consider to be wrong and
defend those who cannot defend themselves.
k)Love of Justice - be fair and ask that others be so as well

3.Be a Productive Member of Society -A good citizen contributes to their

nation by being productive. They're productive employees,
business owners, artists, public servants, caregivers, and so on. Good
citizens share their skills, talents, and abilities with others. They make a
positive contribution to their nation.

4.Be Active in Your Community- A good citizen is active in their

community. They participate in the social life of their city or town, and they
look for ways to make their communities a better place to live. That is,
if they see a problem in their community they look for ways to solve it.

24
Here are some ways to be active in your community:
a)Shop locally.
b)Attend community events - keep your eyes open for events that are
happening in your area such as festivals, community theatre, a
gallery opening, and so on.
c)Join a local club that's devoted to an activity that interests
you, such as running, cycling, or kayaking.

Here are some ways to better your community:

a)Participate in a community-driven cleanup project.
b)Help plant a community garden.
c)O r g a n i z e a c a m p a i g n t o r a i s e m o n e y f o r n e w
p l a y g r o u n d equipment.
d)Help out your neighbors.
e)Instead of being cooped up in your home glued to a technological
device, get out there and become an active member of your
community. It will make you a better citizen.

5. Keep Yourself Well-Informed -Read to educate yourself about the

important issues facing your nation. One of the reasons to emphasize
literacy is that it makes people better citizens. Look at the following quote:
"Every man has in politics as well as religion a right to think and speak and
act for himself. I must judge for myself, but how can I judge, how can any
man judge, unless his mind has been opened and enlarged by reading?"

6.Be Vigilant -A country depends on a well-informed and civic minded

population to safeguard the people's individual freedoms and political
rights.
A good citizen remains vigilant in order to ascertain that the
government is doing all of the following:
a)Meeting its obligations to its citizens;
b)Acting appropriately within its sphere and jurisdiction; and
c)Adhering to the limits of state action.
d)To do this, a citizen must have the basic skills necessary to be able
to assess arguments logically and critically.
e)I n a d d i t i o n , i f a c i t i z e n b e l i e v e s t h a t t h e
g o v e r n m e n t i s overstepping its bounds or failing in its duties, the
citizen must speak up. In the words of Thomas Jefferson: "All tyranny needs
to gain a foothold is for people of good conscience to remain silent."

7.Participate in Your Nation's Political Life- If you want to be a good citizen,

you should be politically active. There are many ways to this.
Here are some ideas:
a)Identify an issue you care about and pursue it.

25
 b)Attend rallies and events.
c)Go to city council meetings.
d)Join a political organization.
e)Volunteer for a political campaign.
f)Vote! Do your part to elect capable, civic minded leaders.
g)Run for political office.
h)As a citizen, you have the right to have your voice heard. Exercise
that right.

8.Be a Mentor- Today's kids are tomorrow's citizens. Help shape the
citizens of the future by mentoring kids.
Some ideas on ways you can mentor kids are the following:
a)Talk to your own kids about civics and teach them to be good
citizens.
b)Join a school-based mentoring program and tutor kids who aren't doing
well academically.
c)Get involved in an organization such as Big Brothers Big Sisters.

9.Be Well-Rounded -A good citizen has to be productive. That is, they need
to have the knowledge necessary to produce in today's world — technical
skills, legal skills, medical skills, and so on. However, a good citizen should
also be well-rounded.
A well-rounded person is better at creative problem solving and innovation
than a person who is not well- rounded. In addition, they can make
c o n tri b utions not only to a country's GDP, but also to the cultural wealth
of their nation.
Here are some of the qualities of a well-rounded person:
a) They're well-read.
b) A well-rounded person is cultured.
c) They're well-educated.
d)T h e y d e v e l o p n o t o n l y t h e i r m e n t a l f a c u l t i e s , b u t a l s o
t h e i r emotional, physical, and spiritual faculties.

11. Order Your Corner Of the World -Your home is a microcosm

of your country. If you want to live in a clean, healthy, prosperous,
happy nation, start by creating these circumstances at home. The
Chinese philosopher Confucius once said the following: "To put the
world in order, we must first put the nation in order; to put the nation in
order, we must first put the family in order; to put the family in order; we
must first cultivate our personal life; we must first set our hearts right."

Do things like the following:

a)Keep a clean and organized home environment.
b)Eat healthy meals.

26
 c)Keep to a budget and don't go into debt.
d)Pay your bills on time.
e)Don't waste water or electricity.
f)Recycle.
g) Create a list of simple rules for your family to follow.
h) Set personal development goal sand strive to achieve them.
i)S t a r t s m a l l - c r e a t e o r d e r a t h o m e .
G o o d h o m e s l e a d t o g o o d neighborhoods, which lead to good
cities, which lead to good states, which lead to good countries, which
lead to a good world.

FILIPINO VALUES

The Filipino value system or Filipino values refers to the set of values that
a majority of the Filipino have historically held important in their lives.
This P h i l i p p i n e v a l u e s s y s t e m i n c l u d e s t h e i r o w n u n i q u e
a s s e m b l a g e o f consistent ideologies, moral codes, ethical practices,
etiquette and culture.
Personal values that are promoted by their society. As with any society
though, the values that an individual holds sacred can differ on the basis
of religion, upbringing and other factors. As a general description, the
distinct value system of Filipinos is rooted primarily in personal
alliance systems, especially those based in kinship, obligation,
friendship, religion (particularly Christianity) a n d c o m m e r c i a l
relationships.
Philosophical Basis Filipino values are, for the most part, centered at
maintaining social harmony, motivated primarily by the desire to be
accepted within a group. The main sanction against diverging from
these values are the concepts of "Hiya", roughly translated as 'a
sense of shame', and "Amor propio" or 'self-esteem'. Social approval,
acceptance by a group, and belonging to a group are major concerns.
Caring about what others will think, say or do, are strong influences o n
social behavior among Filipinos.
F l o r e n t i n o T i m b r e z a , a c u l t u r a l philosopher, concludes in his book
Pilosopiyang Pilipino (1982) that Filipino values are based on the

27
significance of the world to man. Life experiences dictate the
philosophy of the Filipino, augmented by other sources like
proverbs, folk sayings, folk tales, and the like. Models of the Filipino Values 1.
Exogenous model or the foreign model -described to be a "legal and
fo rma l " model was inherited by Filipinos from Western cultures,
particularly from the Spaniards and the Americans.
An ex a mple of a f o r e i g n o r e x o g e n o u s i n f l u e n c e :
1 . i s bureaucracy e x h i b i t e d i n the government of the
Philippines.
2. Indigenous model o r t h e traditional model. Described
a s a "traditional and non-formal" model or guide but is deeply embedded
in the subconscious of the Filipinos.

Basic Filipino Values

A. The Maka-Diyos Cluster

1.Faith in the Almighty God -A good Filipino obeys God and

lives according to His teachings. One of the identified strengths of
the Filipinos is their faith in God. In one way or another, Filipinos have a
basic concept of a Supreme Being who to them always gives a beacon of
hope no matter how bleak the current situation may be. This makes them
resilient, driven by great hope stemming from their faith in
Someone whom they believe has the power to deliver them from even the
most miserable situation.

2. Respect for Life- A good Filipino recognizes the absolute

value of human life and the human dignity of every person including
himself. Being pro-life doesn't just mean not engaging in abortion or being
in favor of it. Being pro-life includes valuing other people - how they
feel, and what could harm their physical, mental, moral, and spiritual well-
being. Among the practices that show respect to others and their
dignity as a person are not smoking in public, not throwing litter which will
cause accidents or put their health in peril, and not saying words that
hurt people and scar them for life. Most importantly, being pro-life
means valuing oneself and seeing oneself as a person of great worth
and value. When one respects his/her life he/she takes good care of her
hygiene, is mindful of the things that he/she says about himself/herself, is
careful not to do things that will harm her moral, spiritual, physical and
social well-being, nor does he/she allow other people to damage them as
well.

28
 3.Order- A good Filipino values orderliness. Valuing order
means respecting laws, procedures. By following these sets of laws
and/or procedure in the home, school and the community as a whole,
he/she respects the human rights of others and invites excellence in
everything he /she does. Setting things in order could range from
maintaining cleanliness in the home, to coming to school on time, to
falling in line, to following traffic rules and regulations.

4.Work- A good Filipino values diligence and excellence in everything

he/she does. He earns an honest living and does not engage in crime
and corruption. He goes to school on time, does his homework and
participates in school activities. He does his best in everything and is not
contented with the mediocre. As a worker, Filipinos are versatile,
hardworking and creative. In practically every nation of the world,
Filipinos are fast becoming valued business partners and treasured
workers. This could be attributed to the Filipinos' inherent diligence,
coupled with authentic concern, and peppered with another good
Filipino trait - his sense of humor.

5.Concern for the Family and Future Generations- A good Filipino

looks after the welfare of his/her family and the future generation.
He/she helps in household chores, has a loving relationship with all the
members of his/her family, is kind and considerate to them, and shows a
good example to the younger members. As the basic unit of society, th e
fa mi l y i s the child's first glimpse of community, hence it is
important that children are shown good examples in their respective
homes early in life. Whatever is learned from the family has big
implications in how he/she's going to treat other people in his/her
community.
Open communication. A child raised in a family which has maintained
open communication is most unlikely to turn to harmful influences for
solutions to problem or for affirmation.

B. The Maka-Tao Cluster

1.L o v e - A good Filipino looks after the good and welfare of

his/her fellow human beings. A heart motivated by love will always look after
other people's welfare. He/she is kind and compassionate, forgives
offenses and is not vengeful. His/her heart is sacrificial and is always
willing to extend help to the less fortunate.

2.Freedom- A good Filipino asserts his/her right especially if it means

being able to do the right thing. He/she respects the freedom of others;

29
doesn't impose his/her will on others; exercises his freedom
responsibly so that he/she will do no harm to anyone; does not use
coercion or intimidation to make others do what he/she wants them to do
or what he/she wants them to be.

3.Peace- A good Filipino lives and works in harmony with

his/her fellow human beings. He/she avoids violence as a way of
settling disputes and looks for ways to resolve conflict in a
peaceful way. He/she maintains a harmonious relationship with others,
at home, at work, in the community; and helps clear out
misunderstanding among friends and family members.

4.Truth- A good Filipino stands up for the truth and avoids intrigue and
mudslinging and values integrity in his/her life, family, work and
country. He/she observes proper pricing of goods and does not
patronize nor is he/she a cohort in fixing or bribing in business
transactions. He/she admits his/her mistakes and does something to
correct his/her fault.

5.J u s t i c e - A g o o d F i l i p i n o g i v e s e v e r y o n e t h e i r d u e e v e n i f
i t i s difficult. He does not oppress or take advantage of anyone. He/she is
fair in all his/her dealings especially with the poor and powerless, not
getting more than what is rightfully his/hers.

C. The Maka-Bayan Cluster

1.Unity- A good Filipino works with and cooperates with others. Unity
means synergizing the different talents and skills for the success of an
endeavor. A good team player does not promote intrigue, dissension
and mistrust. He/she helps others in the family, school, and
community grow and is genuinely happy for the achievements of the
members of his team even if that means the spotlight is not on him/her.

2.Equality -A good Filipino treats others as brothers and sisters

being children of one God and one nation. He/she does not give
preferential treatment to the rich and the powerful; treats everyone
with respect regardless of status or position; and does not take advantage
of anyone because they are poor, ignorant or powerless.

3.Respect for the Law and Government- A good Filipino obeys the
laws of the land and supports government programs. From simply no
vandalism, to following traffic rules; to reporting lawbreakers, to
promoting stability of the nation, a good Filipino submits to the laws of his

30
nation and will not engage in anything that will threaten his/her
Country.

4.Patriotism- A good Filipino places high regard for his/her country.

He considers what is good for the Country in his/her words and
actions. This includes patronage of native products and promotion of
his/her country. He/she is mindful not to do that would give his/her
country a bad image. He/she takes extra care not to say anything that
would malign the reputation of his/her country. Statements like
"ganito talaga sa Pilipinas, hindi na magbabago" or "huwag kayong
pupunta sa Pilipinas kung ayaw nyong manakawan" are sweeping
derogatory statements that malign our country and us Filipinos as well.
Being patriotic includes choosing wisely whom to vote during
elections.
A good Filipino does not sell his/her rights or dignity as a person
but instead entrusts the Country's welfare to the hands of someone
whom he/she knows has the capacity to really govern well. Knowing
one's national emblems like the Philippine National Anthem and the
Pledge of Allegiance to the Filipino Flag is also an act of patriotism.

5.Promotion of the Common Good- A good Filipino puts the welfare of

the greater number of people over his/her own. A good Filipino is not
greedy and selfish; instead, he/she considers the welfare of others in
everything he/she does. He/she helps the less fortunate and goes out of
his/her way to engage in activities that will benefit his/her fellow
human beings especially in the area of poverty alleviation.

D. The Maka-Kalikasan Cluster

1.Concern for the Environment- A good Filipino conserves natural

resources such as water, land and air. He/she gets involved in efforts
contributory to the welfare of the environment such as planting trees
and implementing proper waste segregation. He/she keeps his/her
surroundings clean, and does not throw garbage in canals and
waterways.

31
 THE CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS
AND EMPLOYEES

TOPIC CONTENT:
1)Coverage of RA 6713
2)Reforms on Public Administrative Systems
3)Transparency of Transactions and Access to Information
4)Norms of Conduct of Public Officials and Employees
5)Public Disclosure
6)Conflict of Interest and Divestment
7)Grounds for Administrative Disciplinary Action
8)Penalties

TOPIC OBJECTIVES:
This Unit aims to:
1.Let the students know the coverage of the law;
2.understand the reforms in the government;
3.inform on the transparency of transactions of government affairs;
4.I n s t i l k n o w l e d g e o n t h e n o r m s a n d c o n d u c t o f p u b l i c officials
and employees; 5.Understand conflict of interest;
6.Enlighten the students on the grounds for administrative disciplinary
action

LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of the topic, the students will be able to:
1.State the coverage or application of the law;

32
2.Enumerate the norms of conduct of public officials and employees;
3.Discuss conflict interest and divestment; and
4.Explain the grounds for administrative disciplinary action
==============================================
==========
Republic Act 6713 Otherwise known as the "Code of Conduct and Ethical
Standards for Public Officials and Employees." Coverage of the Law Shall
cover all officials and employees in the government, elective and
appointive, permanent or temporary, whether in the career or non-
career service, including military and police personnel, whether or not
they receive compensation, regardless of amount. Public Officials includes
elective and appointive officials and employees, permanent or
temporary, whether in the career or non-career service, including military
and police personnel, whether or not they receive compensation,
regardless of amount. Declaration of Policy "It is the policy of the State to
promote a high standard of ethics in public service. Public officials and
employees shall at all times be accountable to the people and shall
discharge their duties with utmost responsibility, integrity, competence
and loyalty, act with patriotism and justice, lead modest lives, and uphold
public interest over personal interest." Reforms on Public Administrative
Systems
1.Every department, office and agency shall, as soon as practicable and
in no case later than ninety (90) days from the effectivity of these rules
(IRR), start conducting value development programs for its officials and
employees in order to strengthen their commitment to public
service and help promote the primacy of public interest over personal
interest in the performance of their duties.
Such programs and other parallel efforts on value development
shall include, among other things, the following subjects:
a)Ethical and moral values;
b)Rights, duties and responsibilities of public servants
c)Nationalism and patriotism;
d)Justice and human rights;
e)Democracy in a free and just society;
f)Philippine history. Culture and tradition; and
g)Socio-economic conditions prevailing in the country, especially in the
depressed areas, and the need for a code of Conduct and Ethical
Standards. Continuing refresher courses and seminars and/or workshops to
promote a high standard of ethics in public service shall be conducted.

2.Professional, scientific, technical trainings and education programs

shall enhance to the highest degree, professionalism, excellence,
intelligence and skills in the performance and discharge of duties and
responsibilities of officials and employees. These programs shall be

33
conducted in all offices of the government and may include subjects
that are enumerated in the preceding section.

3.It is the responsibility of every head of department, office and agency to

ensure that officials and employees attend the value development
program and participate in parallel value development efforts.

4.Every department, office and agency shall conduct continuing studies

and analyses of their work systems and procedures to improve delivery of
public services. Towards this end, such studies and analyses shall:
(1) identify systems and procedures that lead or contribute to negative
bureaucratic behavior;
(2) simplify rules and procedures to avoid red tape; and
(3) devise or adopt systems and procedures that promote official and
employee morale and satisfaction.

5.Every department, office and agency shall consult the public they serve
for the purpose of gathering feedback and suggestions on
t h e efficiency, effectiveness and economy of services. They shall establish
mechanisms to ensure the conduct of public consultations and
hearings.

6.Every department, office and agency shall continuously conduct

research and experimentation on measures and adopt innovative
programs which will provide motivation to officials and employees in
raising the level of observance of public service ethical standards.

7.Every department, office and agency shall, appoint or designate a

resident Ombudsman, who shall act immediately on all request for
public assistance referred to him by the Ombudsman and his Deputies. He
shall be held accountable for the disposition of all requests for
assistance.

8.Government officials shall make themselves available to their staff for

consultations and dialogues.

Transparency of Transactions and Access to Information

1.It is the responsibility of heads of departments, offices and agencies to

establish measures and standards that will ensure transparency of and
openness in public transactions in their respective offices, such as
biddings, purchases, other internal transactions, including contracts,
status of projects, and all other matters involving public interest.

34
2.Every department, office or agency shall provide official information,
records or documents to any requesting public, except if:

a)such information, record or document must be kept secret in the interest

of national defense or security or the conduct of foreign affairs.
b)such disclosure would put the life and safety of an individual in imminent
danger;
c)the information, record or document sought falls within the
concepts of established privilege or recognized exceptions as may be
provided by law or settled policy or jurisprudence;
d)such information, record or document compromises drafts or
decisions, orders, rulings, policy, decisions, memoranda, etc;
e)i t w o u l d d i s c l o s e i n f o r m a t i o n o f a p e r s o n a l n a t u r e w h e r e
disclosure would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal
privacy;
f)i t w o u l d d i s c l o s e i n v e s t i g a t o r y r e c o r d s c o m p l i e d f o r l a w
enforcement purposes, or information which if written would be
contained in such records or information would
(i) interfere with enforcement proceedings,
(ii) deprive a person of a right to a fair trial or an impartial
adjudication, (iii) disclose the identity of a confidential source
and, in the case of a record compiled by a criminal law enforcement
authority in the course of a criminal investigation, or by an agency
conducting a lawful n a t i o n a l s e c u r i t y i n t e l l i g e n c e
i n v e s t i g a t i o n , c o n f i d e n t i a l information furnished only by the
confidential source, or
(iv) unjustifiably disclose investigative techniques and procedures;
or
g)it would disclose information the premature disclosure of which
would
(I) in the case of a department, office or agency which a g e n c y
r e g u l a t e s c u r r e n c i e s , s e c u r i t i e s , c o m m o d i t i e s , o f financial
institutions, be likely to lead to significant financial s p e c u l a t i o n
i n c u r r e n c i e s , s e c u r i t i e s , o r c o m m o d i t i e s o r significantly
endanger the stability of any financial institution, or
(ii) in the case of any department, office or agency be likely or
significantly to frustrate implementation of a proposed
official action, except that subparagraph
(f) (ii) shall not apply in any instance where the department,
office or agency has already disclosed to the public the
content or nature of its proposed action, or where the
department, office or agency is required by law to make such
disclosure on its own initiative prior to taking final official action on
such proposal.

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 Norms of Conduct of Public Officials and Employees Every public
official and employee shall observe the following as standards of
personal conduct in the discharge and execution of official duties:
a)Commitment to public interest.— Public officials and employees
shall always uphold the public interest over and above personal
interest. All government resources and powers of their respective
offices must be employed and used efficiently, effectively, honestly
and economically, particularly to avoid wastage in public funds and
revenues.
b)Professionalism.— Public officials and employees shall perform
and d i s c h a r g e t h e i r d u t i e s w i t h t h e h i g h e s t d e g r e e o f
e x c e l l e n c e , professionalism, intelligence and skill. They shall
enter public service with utmost devotion and dedication to duty.
They shall endeavor to discourage wrong perceptions of their roles
as dispensers or peddlers of undue patronage.
c)Justness and sincerity.— Public officials and employees shall
remain true to the people at all times. They must act with justness and
sincerity and shall not discriminate against anyone, especially the
poor and the underprivileged. They shall at all times respect the rights
of others, and shall refrain from doing acts contrary to law,
good morals, good customs, public policy, public order, public
safety and public interest. They shall not dispense or extend
undue favors on account of their office to their relatives
whether by consanguinity or affinity except with respect to
appointments of such relatives to positions considered strictly
confidential or as members of their personal staff whose terms are
coterminous with theirs.
d)Political neutrality. — Public officials and employees shall
provide service to everyone without unfair discrimination and
regardless of party affiliation or preference.
e)Responsiveness to the public.— Public officials and employees shall
extend prompt, courteous, and adequate service to the public. Unless
otherwise provided by law or when required by the public interest,
public officials and employees shall provide information of their
policies and procedures in clear and understandable language, ensure
openness of information, public consultations and hearings whenever
appropriate, encourage suggestions, simplify and systematize policy,
rules and procedures, avoid red tape and develop an understanding and
appreciation of the socio-economic conditions prevailing in the
country, especially in the depressed rural and urban areas.
f)Nationalism and patriotism.— Public officials and employees shall at all
times be loyal to the Republic and to the Filipino people, promote the
use of locally produced goods, resources and technology and

36
encourage appreciation and pride of country and people. They shall
endeavor to maintain and defend Philippine sovereignty against foreign
intrusion.
g)Commitment to democracy.— Public officials and employees shall
commit themselves to the democratic way of life and values, maintain the
principle of public accountability, and manifest by deeds the
supremacy of civilian authority over the military. They shall at all
times uphold the Constitution and put loyalty to country above loyalty to
persons or party.
h)Simple living.— Public officials and employees and their families
shall lead modest lives appropriate to their positions and income. They shall
not indulge in extravagant or ostentatious display of wealth in any form.

Duties of Public Officials and Employees

1.As a general rule, when a request or petition, whether written or verbal,
can be disposed of promptly and expeditiously the official and
employee in charge to whom the same is presented shall do so
immediately, without discrimination, and in no case beyond fifteen
(15) working days from receipt of the request or petition.
2.In departments, offices or agencies that are usually swamped with
persons calling for a particular type of service, the head of the
department, office or agency shall devise a mechanism so as to avoid
long queues, such as by giving each person a ticket number duly
countersigned which shall specify the time and the date when the
person, whose name and address shall be indicated, can be served
without delay. Said person shall have the right to prompt service upon
presentation of said ticket number.
3.In case of written requests, petitions or motions, sent by means
of letters, telegrams, or the like, the official or employee in charge shall
act on the same within fifteen (15) working days from receipt thereof.
4.A c k n o w l e d g e t h e c o m m u n i c a t i o n b y m e a n s o f a n o t e o r l e t t e r ,
informing the interested party, petitioner, correspondent of the action
taken and attaching a copy of the letter of the letter of referral to the
proper department, office or agency.
5.Except as otherwise provided by law or regulation, and as far as
practicable, any written action or decision must contain not more than
three
(3) initials or signatures. In the absence of the duly authorized
signatory, the official next-in-rank or officer-in-charge or the person duly
authorized shall sign for and in his behalf.
6.All public documents must be made accessible to, and readily available for
inspection by, the public during working hours, except those
provided in Section 3. Rule IV. 7.All heads or other responsible officers
of departments, offices or agencies of the government and of

37
government-owned or controlled corporations shall, within forty five (45)
working days from the end of t h e y e a r , r e n d e r a f u l l a n d c o m p l e t e
r e p o r t o f p e r f o r m a n c e a n d accomplishments, as prescribed by existing
laws and regulations.
8.Officials and employees and their families shall lead modest and
simple lives appropriate to their positions and income. They shall not
indulge in extravagant or ostentatious display of wealth in any form.

Public Disclosure
1.Every official and employee, except those who serve in an official
honorary capacity, without service credit or pay, temporary laborers and
casual or temporary or contractual workers, shall file under oath their
statement of assets, liabilities and net worth and a disclosure of
business interests and financial connections including those of their
spouses and unmarried children under eighteen (18) years of age living in
their households.
2.The Disclosure of Business Interests and Financial Connections shall
contain information on any existing interests in, or any existing
connections with, any business enterprises or entities, whether as
proprietor, investor, promoter, partner, shareholder, officer, managing
director, executive, creditor, lawyer, legal consultant, accountant,
auditor, and the like, the names and addresses of the
b u s i n e s s enterprises or entities, the dates when such interests or
connections were established, and such other details as will show the
nature of the interests or connections.

Conflict of Interest and Divestment An official or employee shall avoid

conflict of interest at all times.
Conflict of interest occurs:
1)When the official or employee is:
(a) a substantial stockholder; or
(b) a m e m b e r o f t h e B o a r d o f D i r e c t o r s ; o r
( c ) a n o f f i c e r o f t h e corporation; or
(d) an owner or has substantial interest in a business; or
(e) a partner in a partnership
2)The interest of such corporation or business, or his rights or duties
therein, are opposed to or affected by the faithful performance of
official duty. A substantial stockholder is any person who owns,
directly or indirectly, shares of stock sufficient to elect a director of a
corporation. This term shall also apply to the parties to a voting trust. A
voting trust means an agreement in writing between one or more
stockholders of a stock corporation for the purpose of conferring upon
a trustee or trustees the right to vote and other rights pertaining to

38
the shares for certain periods and subject to such other conditions
provided for in the Corporation Law.

When a Conflict of Interest Arises?

The official or employee involved shall resign from his position in any
private business enterprise within thirty (30) days from his
assumption of office and/or divest himself of his share-holdings or
interests within sixty (60) days from such assumption. For those who are
already in the service, and conflict of interest arises, the officer or
employee must resign from his position in the private business
enterprise and/or divest himself of his shareholdings or interests
within the periods herein-above provided, reckoned from the date
when the conflict of interest had arisen. The same rule shall apply where
the public official or employee is a partner in a partnership.

Grounds for Administrative Disciplinary Action

1.Directly or indirectly having financial and material interest in any
transaction requiring the approval of his office. Financial and material
interest is defined as a pecuniary or proprietary interest by which a
person will gain or lose something; 2.Owning, controlling, managing or
accepting employment as officer, employee, consultant, counsel,
broker, agent, trustee, or nominee in any private enterprise regulated,
supervised or licensed by his office, unless expressly allowed by law;
3.Engaging in the private practice of his profession unless authorized by
the Constitution, law or regulation, provided that such practice will not
conflict or tend to conflict with his official functions;
4.Recommending any person to any position in a private enterprise
which has a regular or pending official transaction with his office,
unless such recommendation or referral is mandated by (1) law, or (2)
international agreements, commitment and obligation, or as part of the
functions of his office;
5.Disclosing or misusing confidential or classified information officially
known to him by reason of his office and not made available to the
public, to further his private interests or give undue advantage to
anyone, or to prejudice the public interest;
6.Soliciting or accepting, directly or indirectly, any gift, gratuity, favor,
entertainment, loan or anything of monetary value which in the course o f
his official duties or in connection with any operation being
regulated by, or any transaction which may be affected by the
functions of, his office. Gift refers to a thing or a right disposed of
gratuitously, or any act of liberality, in favor of another who accepts it,
and shall include a simulated sale or an ostensibly onerous
disposition thereof. Loan c o v e r s s i m p l e l o a n a n d c o m m o d a t u m
as well as guarantees, financing arrangement or

39
accommodations intended to ensure its approval. Commodatum refers
to a c o n t r a c t w h e r e b y o n e o f t h e p a r t i e s d e l i v e r s t o a n o t h e r
s o m e t h i n g n o t consumable so that the latter may use the same for a
certain time and return it.
The Following Shall not be Considered as a Gift:
a)Unsolicited gift of nominal or insignificant value not given in
anticipation of, or in exchange for, a favor from a public official or
employee or given after the transaction is completed, or service is
rendered. As to what is a gift of nominal value will depend on the
circumstances of each case taking into account the salary of the
official or employee, the frequency or infrequency of the giving, the
expectation of benefits, and other similar factors.
b)A gift from a member of his family or relative as defined in
the Code on the occasion of a family celebration, and without any
expectation of pecuniary gain or benefit.
c)Nominal donations from persons with no regular, pending,
or expected transactions with the department, office or agency
with which the official or employee is connected, and without
any expectation of pecuniary gain or benefit.
d)Donations coming from private organizations whether local or
foreign, which are considered and accepted as humanitarian and
altruistic in purpose and mission. e)Donations coming from
government to government entities.
7.Obtaining or using any statement filed under the Code for any purpose
contrary to morals or public policy or any commercial purpose other than
by news and communications media for dissemination to the general
public;
8.U n f a i r d i s c r i m i n a t i o n i n r e n d e r i n g p u b l i c s e r v i c e d u e t o p a r t y
affiliation or preference;
9.Disloyalty to the Republic of the Philippines and to the Filipino
people; 10. Failure to act promptly on letters and request within fifteen
(15) days from receipt, except as otherwise provided in these Rules.
11. Failure to process documents and complete action on documents and
papers within a reasonable time from preparation thereof, except as
otherwise provided in these Rules;
12. Failure to attend to anyone who wants to avail himself of the services
of the office, or to act promptly and expeditiously on public personal
transactions;
13. Failure to file sworn statements of assets, liabilities and net worth and
disclosure of business interests and financial connections; and
14. Failure to resign from his position in the private business enterprise
within thirty (30) days from assumption of public office when conflict of
interest arises, and/or failure to divest himself of his shareholdings or
interests in private business enterprise within sixty (60) days from such

40
assumption of public office when conflict of interest arises, the official
or employee must either resign or divest himself of said interests
within the periods herein-above provided, reckoned from the date when the
conflict of interest had arisen.

Penalties: a)Any public official or employee, regardless of whether or not he

holds office or employment in a casual, temporary, holdover, permanent
or regular capacity, committing any violation of this Act shall be punished
with a fine not exceeding the equivalent of six (6) months' salary or
suspension not exceeding one (1) year, or removal depending on the
gravity of the offense after due notice and hearing by the appropriate
body or agency. If the violation is punishable by a heavier penalty
under another law, he shall be prosecuted under the latter statute.
Violations of Sections 7, 8 or 9 of this Act shall be punishable with
imprisonment not exceeding five (5) years, or a fine not exceeding five
thousand pesos (P5,000), or both, and, in the discretion of the court of
competent jurisdiction, disqualification to hold public office.
b)Any violation hereof proven in a proper administrative proceeding
shall be sufficient cause for removal or dismissal of a public official or
employee, even if no criminal prosecution is instituted against him.
c)Private individuals who participate in conspiracy as co-principals,
accomplices or accessories, with public officials or employees, in
violation of this Act, shall be subject to the same penal liabilities as the
public officials or employees and shall be tried jointly with them.

Gender and Development in the PNP CONTENT:

1)Definition of Gender and Development
2)Women in the Field of Law Enforcement
3)Gender Sensitivity Program of the PNP
4)Administrative Liability for non-compliance of the gender sensitivity

TOPIC OBJECTIVES:
This topic aims to:
1.Let the students understand gender and development; and
2.Generate understanding on Gender sensitivity;

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the topic, the students will be able to:
1.Define gender and development;
2.Explain the rights of women insofar as employment in the law
enforcement agencies is concerned;
3.Appreciate the role of women in nation building.

What is Gender and Development?

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 According to the Magna Carta of Women, Gender and Development
(GAD) is t h e d e v e l o p m e n t p e r s p e c t i v e a n d p r o c e s s t h a t a r e
p a r t i c i p a t o r y a n d empowering, equitable, sustainable, free from
violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self-determination and
actualization of human potentials.

GAD seeks:
a)to achieve gender equality as a fundamental value that
should be reflected in development choices;
b)to transform society's social, economic, and political structures
and question the validity ofthe gender roles ascribedto women and men;
c)to upholdwomen as active agents of development and not just
passive recipients of development assistance; and
d)to promote the need ofwomen to organize themselves and
participate in political processes to strengthen their legal rights.

Women in the Field of Law Enforcement Republic Act No. 9710 otherwise
known as the

"Magna Carta of Women" p r o v i d e s t h a t t h e S t a t e s h a l l p u r s u e

a p p r o p r i a t e m e a s u r e s t o e l i m i n a t e discrimination of women in the
military, police, and other similar services, including revising or
abolishing policies and practices that restrict women from availing of
both combat and noncombat training that are open to men, or
from taking on functions other than administrative tasks, such as
engaging in combat, security-related, or field operations. Moreover, women
in the military or uniformed service shall be accorded the s a m e
promotional privileges and opportunities as men, including pay
increases, additional remunerations and benefits, and awards based on
their competency and quality of performance. Towards this end, the
State shall ensure that the personal dignity of women shall always be
respected. Women in the military, police, and other similar services
shall be provided with the same right to employment as men on equal
conditions. Equally, they shall be accorded the same capacity as men to
act in and enter into contracts, including marriage (RA 9710, Sec. 15).
Further, women in the military, police, and other similar services
shall be entitled to leave benefits such as maternity leave, as provided
for by existing laws. Gender Sensitivity Program in the PNP The National
Police Commission shall formulate a gender sensitivity program within
ninety (90) days from the effectivity of this Act to include but not
limited to the establishment of equal opportunities for women in the PNP,
the prevention of sexual harassment in the work place, and the
prohibition of discrimination on the basis of gender or sexual

42
orientation(RA 8551, Sec. 59). Administrative Liability A n y p e r s o n n e l w h o
s h a l l v i o l a t e t h e e s t a b l i s h e d r u l e s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s regarding
gender sensitivity and gender equality shall be suspended without pay
for not less than thirty (30) days and shall undergo gender
sensitivity seminar or training:
Provided , That any personnel who violates the rules more than twice
shall be recommended for demotion or dismissal from the PNP(RA
8551, Sec. 60). Non-prohibition for Promotion Nothing in the law shall be
construed as a restriction on the assignment of policewomen to other
positions in the PNP nor shall any provisions of this title be used for the
non-promotion of a PNP female personnel to higher position (RA 8551,
Sec 61). Creation and Functions of a Women's Desk The PNP shall establish
women's desks in all police stations throughout the country to
administer and attend to cases involving crimes against chastity, sexual
harassment, abuses committed against women and children and other
similar.

Prioritization of Women for Recruitment Within the next five (5) years upon
the effectivity of RA 8551, the PNP shall prioritize the recruitment and
training of women who shall serve in the women's desk. Pursuant to
this requirement, the PNP shall reserve ten percent (10%) of its annual
recruitment, training, and education quota for women (RA 8551, Sec. 58

LEARNING ACTIVITY EXERCISES NO.

1 Information Processing Directions:
Read the task or activity given and perform the same.
TASK/ACTIVITY Title Women in the field Law Enforcement

PerformanceObjectives:
d)To identify services and/or privileges given to women officers or members
of the different law enforcement agencies;
e)To determine whether these privileges and/or services are
followed, respected or observed by their fellow officers.

SuppliesWriting pen, notebook, yellow sheet of paper, writing journal

EquipmentCellphone/laptap/desktop and internet Steps/Procedureb)Identify
and interview woman officer in any of these offices of the law
enforcement agency: PNP, BFP, BJMP, AFP, PDEA or Security agency (i.e lady
guard/lady officer).

Based from the interview, Answer the following questions:

a)During recruitment process, are women given the priority based on
the rule stipulated (RA 8551)?

43
b)Is gender sensitivity being considered particularly in aspect of assignment,
training, duty, placement and promotion?
c)Are the officers and men of the agency concerned given training
or awareness concerning gender and development?
d)Are there mechanism existing in the work place of these officers to ensure
their rights as women are being observed? i.e in terms of facilities, the
provision of separate quarters for men and women, separate CR, provision
of lactating room among others.
e)In your own respective home, how can you show that you are
gender sensitive?

CORE VALUES

BFP PNP AFP

BJMP PCG

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