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Tutorial 3

This document is a tutorial for a Probability and Statistics course at Ardhi University, containing various problems related to random variables, probability distributions, and statistical calculations. It includes exercises on finding probability distributions, evaluating probabilities, and calculating mean and variance for both discrete and continuous random variables. Additionally, it covers applications of probability in real-world scenarios such as airline ticket sales and life insurance claims.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
20 views2 pages

Tutorial 3

This document is a tutorial for a Probability and Statistics course at Ardhi University, containing various problems related to random variables, probability distributions, and statistical calculations. It includes exercises on finding probability distributions, evaluating probabilities, and calculating mean and variance for both discrete and continuous random variables. Additionally, it covers applications of probability in real-world scenarios such as airline ticket sales and life insurance claims.

Uploaded by

stam10miston
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Ardhi University
IS141: Probability and Statistics

Tutorial 3

1. If the random variable X takes values 1, 2, 3 and 4 such that


2P (X = 1) = 3P (X = 2) = P (X = 3) = 5P (X = 4), find the probability distribution of X.

2. A random variable X has the following probability distribution.

x −2 −1 0 1 2 3
p(x) 0.1 K 0.2 2K 0.3 3K

(a) Find K (b) Evaluate P (X < 2) and P (−2 < X < 2) (c) Evaluate the mean and variance of
X.

3. A random variable Y has the following probability distribution.

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 2 2
p(x) 0 K 2K 2K 3K K 2K 7K + K

Find (i) the value of K, (ii) P (1.5 < X < 4.5/X > 2).

xe−x2 /2 x ≥ 0
4. If p(x) =
0 x<0

(a) show that p(x) is a pdf (of continuous RV X)


(b) find its mean and variance of x.

5. If the density function of a random variable X is given by





 ax, 0≤x≤1


a, 1≤x≤2

f (x) =



 3a − ax, 2 ≤ x ≤ 3


0, elsewhere

(i) find the value of a


(ii) find the expectation and standard deviation of X.

6. A continuous RV has a pdf f (x) = kx2 e−x ; x ≥ 0. Find k, mean and variance.

7. Each sample of water has a 10% chance of containing a particular organic pollutant. Assume that
the samples are independent with regard to the presence of the pollutant. Find the probability
that in the next 18 samples,
2

(a) exactly 2 contain the pollutant


(b) atleast 4 contain pollutant
(c) 3 to 6 samples contain pollutant.

8. Because not all airline passengers show up for their reserved seat, an airline sells 125 tickets for a
flight that holds only 120 passengers. The probability that a passenger does not show up is 0.10,
and the passengers behave independently. What is the probability that the flight departs with
empty seats?

9. The time (in hours) required to repair universities printing machine is exponentially distributed
with parameter λ = 1/2. (a) What is the probability that, the repair time exceeds 2 hours? (b)
What is the conditional probability that a repair takes at least 10 hours given that its duration
exceeds 9 hours?

10. Suppose a life insurance company insures the lives of 5000 men aged 42. If actuarial studies
show the probability that any 42-year-old man will die in a given year to be 0.001, find the exact
probability that the company will have to pay 4 claims during a given year.

11. The increased number of small commuter planes in major airports has heightened concern over
air safety. An eastern airport has recorded a monthly average of five near misses on landings and
takeoffs in the past 5 years.

(a) Find the probability that during a given month there are no near misses on landings and
takeoffs at the airport.
(b) Find the probability that during a given month there are five near misses.
(c) Find the probability that there are at least five near misses during a particular month.

12. Studies show that highway gas mileage for compact cars sold in the Tanzania is normally dis-
tributed, with a mean of 9.5 kilometers per litre (km/l) and a standard deviation of 2.5 km/l.
What percentage of compacts get 20 km/l or more?

13. The average length of time required to complete a college achievement test is approximately
normal with a mean of 70 minutes and a standard deviation of 12 minutes. When should the test
be terminated if you wish to allow sufficient time for 90% of the students to complete the test?

14. Suppose the numbers of a particular type of bacteria in samples of 1 milliliter (ml) of drinking
water tend to be approximately normally distributed, with a mean of 85 and a standard deviation
of 9. What is the probability that a given 1-ml sample will contain more than 100 bacteria?

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