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General Mathematics
Activity Sheets
Quarter 1 – MELC 26
Solving Logarithmic Equations
and Inequalities
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
General Mathematics – Grade 11
Activity Sheet No. 26
First Edition, 2021
Published in the Philippines
By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas
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This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western
Visayas.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.
Development Team of General Mathematics Activity Sheet
Writers: Mark Vincent E. Firmalino and Aura Ner A. Tarrosa
Illustrators: Mark Vincent E. Firmalino and Aura Ner A. Tarrosa
Layout Artists: Mark Vincent E. Firmalino, Aura Ner A. Tarrosa & Rutchel J. Ngipen
Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:
Ligaya H. Montelijao, EPS-Mathematics
Leila G. Valencia, EPS-LR
Jezereel Grace G. Tiron
Bernie P. Alcedo
Alma M. Mirasol, EPS, SDO Sagay City
Lesser A. Loc
Rona L. Parreno
Division of Iloilo City Management Team:
Ma. Luz M. De los Reyes, PhD, CESO V, SDS
Dannie Clark M. Uguil, OIC-ASDS
Arlo L. Villalva, CID Chief
Jerry M. Lego, EdD, SGOD Chief
Leila G. Valencia, EPS-LR
Ligaya H. Montelijao, EPS-Mathematics
Regional Management Team:
Ramir B. Uytico, EdD, CESO IV
Pedro T. Escobarte, Jr., PhD, CESO V
Elena P. Gonzaga, EdD
Donald T. Genine
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Introductory Message
Welcome to General Mathematics 11!
The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the
Schools Division of Iloilo City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas
through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible adults)
in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education
Curriculum.
The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to
guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.
For learning facilitator:
The General Mathematics Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the teaching-
learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) with
minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner. This will be made
available to the learners with the references/links to ease the independent learning.
For the learner:
The General Mathematics Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue
learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you with
meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active learner,
carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the activities and answer
the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.
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Quarter 1, Week 8
Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 26
Name of Learner: ___________________ Grade and Section: _________________
Date: _____________________________
GENERAL MATHEMATICS ACTIVITY SHEET
Solving Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities
I. Learning Competency with Code
Solves logarithmic equations and inequalities (M11GM-Ih-i-1)
II. Background Information for Learners
Important Concepts:
Laws of Logarithms
Let b be a positive number not equal to 1. Let x and y be any positive number
and n be any real number. Then,
Law 1. log 𝑏 𝑥𝑦 = log 𝑏 𝑥 + log𝑏 𝑦 (Logarithm of a Product/ Product Rule)
𝑥
Law 2. log 𝑏 = log 𝑏 𝑥 − log 𝑏 𝑦 (Logarithm of a Quotient/ Quotient Rule)
𝑦
Law 3. log 𝑏 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑛 log 𝑏 𝑥 (Logarithm of Power/ Power Rule)
Remember:
Location of Base and Exponent and Logarithmic Forms
Exponent Exponent
Logarithmic Form: x = log 𝑏 𝑦 Exponential Form: 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑦
Base Base
Example: Write each logarithmic equation in exponential form.
Logarithmic Form Exponential Form
a. 3 = log5 𝑥 53 = 𝑥
1 1
b. log10 = −4 10−4 =
10000 10000
Steps Solving Logarithmic Equations:
1. Write all logarithmic equations on one side of the equation and the
constant on the other side.
2. Use the properties of the logarithm to rewrite the logarithmic
expressions as a single logarithmic expression.
3. Use the definition of the logarithm to rewrite the expression in
exponential form.
4. Simplify the exponential expressions and solve for the variable.
5. Check your answer by substituting it into the original equation. Exclude
from the solution any logarithm of a negative number, such value is
called extraneous solution.
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Exercises: Solve for the value of x in each logarithmic equation.
1. log 5 (𝑥 + 8) = 3
Solution:
log 5 (𝑥 + 8) = 3 Given Equation
𝑥 + 8 = 53 Equivalent exponential equation
𝑥 + 8 = 125 Equivalent 53 = 125
𝑥 = 117 Subtract 8 from both sides of the equation
Check:
?
log 5 (𝑥 + 8) = 3
log 5 (117 + 8) =? 3 Substitute 117 for x
?
log 5 125 = 3
✓
3=3 log 5 125 = 3 because 53 = 125 (True)
2. log 2 𝑥 + log 2 (𝑥 − 6) = 4
Solution:
log 2 𝑥 + log 2 (𝑥 − 6) = 4 Given equation
log 2 𝑥(𝑥 − 6) = 4 Apply Logarithm of a Product/Product Rule
𝑥 (𝑥 − 6) = 24 Equivalent exponential equation
𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = 16 Apply the Distributive Property and
Evaluate 24 = 16
𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 16 = 0 Subtract 16 from both sides of the equation
(𝑥 − 8)(𝑥 + 2) = 0 Factor
(𝑥 − 8) = 0 (𝑥 + 2) = 0 Solve each factor to 0
𝑥=8 𝑥 = −2 Solve for x
Note: Negative numbers do not have logarithms. Therefore, the value of
𝑥 = −2 does not satisfy the equation.
Check: 𝑥 = 8
log 2 𝑥 + log?2 (𝑥 − 6) = 4
log 2 8 + log?2 (8 − 6) = 4 Substitute 8 for x
log 2 8 ?+ log 2 2 = 4
log 2 23 ?+ log 2 2 = 4
3 + 1 =? 4
4=4 ✓
Important Concept:
Property of Logarithmic Inequalities
Given the logarithmic expression log 𝑏 𝑥,
1. If 0 < 𝑏 < 1 and log 𝑏 𝑥1 > log 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 < 𝑥2 .
Reversed the inequality symbol
2. If 𝑏 > 1 and log 𝑏 𝑥1 < log 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 < 𝑥2 .
Retained the inequality symbol
2
Exercises:
Solve the following logarithmic inequalities.
1 −3
1. log 3 𝑥 ≤ 5 3. log 1 𝑥 > log 1 ( )
5 5 5
2. log 3(2𝑥 − 1) > log 3(𝑥 + 2) 4. −2 < log 𝑥 < 2
Solution:
1. log 3 𝑥 ≤ 5
Step 1: Ensure that the logarithms are defined.
This means that x > 0.
Step 2: Ensure that the inequality is satisfied.
Note: b > 1, 3 > 1 (Retained the inequality symbol)
log 3 𝑥 ≤ 5 𝑥 ≤ 35 (Rewrite the corresponding exponential form)
𝑥 ≤ 243 (Since 𝑥 > 0, exclude 0 and negative numbers)
∴ (0 < 𝑥 ≤ 243) Solution / (0, 243] Interval Notation
2. log 3 (2𝑥 − 1) > log 3 (𝑥 + 2)
Step 1: Ensure that the logarithms are defined.
This means that x > 0.
2𝑥 − 1 > 0 𝑥 + 2 > 0
2𝑥 > 1 𝑥 > −2
1
𝑥>
2
Step 2: Ensure that the inequality is satisfied.
Note: b > 1, 3 > 1 (Retained the inequality symbol)
2𝑥 − 1 > 𝑥 + 2
2𝑥 − 𝑥 > 2 + 1 (Subtract x from both sides and add 1 to both sides)
𝑥>3
Note: Reflect on the values of x (Step1 & 2) and decide which value of x
will be included in your solution.
1
Since 𝑥 > −2, 𝑥 > 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 > 3 have the same inequality symbol, we
need to choose which of them has a greater value.
∴ (3, +∞)
1 −3
3. log 1 𝑥 > log1 ( )
5 5 5
Step 1: Ensure that the logarithms are defined.
This means that x > 0.
Step 2: Ensure that the inequality is satisfied.
1
Note: 0 < 𝑏 > 1, 0 < 5 < 1 (Reversed the inequality symbol)
1
𝑥 < ( )−3
5
1
𝑥 < 125 (Law of Exponent: 𝑎−𝑛 = )
𝑎𝑛
∴ 0 < 𝑥 < 125 / (0,125)
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4. −2 < log 𝑥 < 2
Step 1: Ensure that the logarithms are defined.
This means that x > 0.
Step 2: Ensure that the inequality is satisfied.
Note: b > 1, 10 > 1 (Retained the inequality symbol)
−2 < log 𝑥 < 2
log 𝑥 > −2 and log 𝑥 < 2 (Split the compound inequality into two
simple inequalities)
𝑥 > 10−2 and 𝑥 < 102 (Rewrite its corresponding exponential form)
1
𝑥 > 100 and 𝑥 < 100
1 1
∴ 100 < 𝑥 < 100 / (100 , 100)
III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Education Sites
CHED. General Mathematics Learner's Materials. Pasig City: Department of
Education - Bureau of Learning Resources, 2016, pp 134 - 149
Sirug, W. S. 2016. General Mathematics for Senior High School. Manila.
Mindshapers Co., Inc., pp 91 – 96
IV. Activity Proper
General Directions: In answering the exercises in the Learning Activity Sheet
(LAS), please be reminded not to write anything here. All answers must be
written in a separate sheet of paper. Read each problem carefully and answer
it systematically.
A. Solve the following logarithmic equations.
1. log 5 (𝑥 − 1) + log 5 (𝑥 + 3) − 1 = 0
2. log 3 𝑥 + log 3 (𝑥 + 2) = 1
3. log 𝑥 + log(𝑥 − 3) = 1
B. Solve the following logarithmic inequalities.
1. log 4 𝑥 ≥ 6
2. log 5 (3𝑥 + 2) < log 5 (2𝑥 + 5)
3. log 1 (2𝑥 − 4) < log 1 (𝑥 − 5)
2 2
Guide Questions:
1. While doing the exercises, how did you solve logarithmic equations and
inequalities?
2. Based on your solution in the given exercises, explain briefly on how
you check your answer.
V. Reflection
When does a logarithmic equation has no solution? Write your response on
your journal.
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5
Exercise
A.
1. x = 2
2. x = 1
3. x = 5
B.
1. 𝑥 ≥ 4096 / [4096, ∞)
2 2
2. − 3 < 𝑥 < 3 / (− 3 , 3)
3. 𝑥 > 5 / (5, ∞)
Answer Key VI.
