🔹 1.

Object
An object is like a table in a database. It stores data in rows and columns.
 Standard Objects: Provided by Salesforce (e.g., Account, Contact, Opportunity).
 Custom Objects: Created by users for specific business needs (e.g., Invoice__c, Project__c).
📌 Example: A "Student" object might store data about each student.

🔹 2. Field
A field is a column in the object (like a database column). It defines the type of data stored.
 Types: Text, Number, Date, Picklist, Lookup (relation to another object), etc.
📌 Example: The "Student" object might have fields like:
 Name (Text)
 Age (Number)
 Enrollment Date (Date)

🔹 3. Record
A record is a row in the object. It represents a single instance of data.
📌 Example: One record in the Student object could be:
 Name: Ali Khan
 Age: 22
 Enrollment Date: Jan 10, 2024

🔹 4. Tab
A tab is a user interface element that gives access to an object’s data.
 It lets users view, create, and manage records in that object.
 Appears in the top navigation bar of Salesforce apps.
📌 Example: A "Students" tab opens the Student object and displays all student records.

🔹 5. App
An app is a collection of tabs and functionalities grouped together for a specific purpose or role.
 Standard App: Sales, Service, Marketing.
 Custom App: You can create your own apps like "Student Management App."
📌 Example: A Student Management App may include:
 Tabs for: Students, Courses, Attendance
 Tools for: Reports, Dashboards
 CREATING AN OBJECT/TAB
-Setup -> Object Manager -> Create Object(TR)

Provide label and plural label and object name

Object Creation Options -> Launch New Custom Tab

Tab Profile-> Tab Visibility
Custom App-> (Where do you want to add the tab)

 CREATING AN APP
Home->App Manager(Search)-> New Lightning App(TR)
User Profile-> System Admin

 CREATING A FIELD

Open Object-> Fields & Relationship (TL)-> New -> (Length)No. of Char

🔹 1. Text Field

A Text Field is a basic field type used to store alphanumeric characters (letters, numbers,
symbols).

 Types:

o Text: Up to 255 characters.

o Text Area: For longer text, up to 255 characters but supports multiple lines.

o Text Area (Long): For very long entries (up to 131,072 characters).

o Text (Encrypted): Secured for storing sensitive data.

📌 Use Case: Storing names, addresses, descriptions, or notes.

🔹 2. Picklist

A Picklist is a field type that lets users select a value from a predefined list.

 Single-select Picklist: Choose one value.

 Multi-select Picklist: Choose multiple values.

📌 Use Case: Status (Open, In Progress, Closed), Country, Priority (High, Medium, Low).
🔹 3. Global Value Set

A Global Value Set is a reusable list of values that can be used in multiple picklist fields across
objects.

 Ensures consistency.

 Makes maintenance easier: update the value set once, and all fields using it are updated.

📌 Example: A Global Value Set called "Countries" used in both Account and Contact objects.

🔹 4. Field Dependency

Field Dependency lets you control which values are shown in one picklist based on the value of
another.

 Two fields involved:

o Controlling Field: The one whose value controls the other.

o Dependent Field: The one whose options change based on the controlling field.

📌 Example:

 Controlling Field: Country

 Dependent Field: State

 If Country = India, show Indian states; if Country = USA, show American states.

🔹 5. Schema Builder

Schema Builder is a visual tool in Salesforce to view and modify object relationships and
structure.

 View all objects, fields, and their relationships (lookup/master-detail).

 Create objects, fields, and relationships via drag-and-drop.

 Great for understanding data models quickly.

📌 Use Case: Want to see how "Student" relates to "Course" and "Attendance" visually.
🔹 1. Formula Field

A Formula Field is a read-only field that automatically calculates its value based on other fields
or logic using a formula.

 Updates dynamically whenever the referenced data changes.

 Cannot be edited by users directly.

📌 Examples:

 Total Price = Quantity * Unit Price

 Age = TODAY() - Birthdate
 IF(Stage = "Closed Won", "Success", "Pending")

🔹 2. Validation Rule

A Validation Rule is used to enforce data integrity by preventing users from saving a record if
certain conditions aren’t met.

 Consists of a formula that returns TRUE when the data is invalid.

 Shows a custom error message.

📌 Examples:

 Ensure a phone number is entered:

ISBLANK(Phone)
 Close Date must be in the future:
CloseDate < TODAY()
🧠 If the formula returns TRUE, an error is shown and the record won't save.

🔹 3. Page Layout

A Page Layout controls the UI (User Interface) for viewing and editing records of an object.

 Defines:

o Which fields are visible and required

o Section placements

o Buttons and related lists

 Can be assigned by profile or record type

📌 Example: For the Lead object, a Sales Rep sees only basic info, but a Manager sees financial
fields too.
 🔹 4. Record Type

A Record Type allows you to create different business processes, picklist values, and page
layouts for the same object.

 Useful when one object is used for multiple purposes.

📌 Examples:

 Case object:

 Record Type: "Product Support" vs "Billing Support"

 Different page layouts and picklist options
 Opportunity object:

o "New Business" vs "Renewal" processes

🧠 Summary Table:

Feature Purpose Example Use Case

Formula Field Automatically calculates value Total = Quantity × Price

Validation
Prevents saving invalid data Disallow blank email field
Rule

Show/hide fields for different

Page Layout Controls UI for viewing/editing records
profiles

Supports multiple processes/layouts for

Record Type Sales vs Support case flows
one object

🔹 1. Relationship Fields

Relationship fields in Salesforce define how objects are connected to each other—similar to
foreign keys in a database. There are two main types:

✅ a) Lookup Relationship

 A simple relationship between two objects.

 The child record can exist without the parent.

 You can link to a record from another object using a lookup field.

📌 Example:
Each Student record has a lookup to a Course. If the Course is deleted, the Student remains.
✅ b) Master-Detail Relationship

 A stronger, dependent relationship.

 The child record cannot exist without the parent.
 If you delete the parent, the child is automatically deleted.
 Roll-up summary fields are available (on parent).
📌 Example:
Order Item (child) must belong to an Order (parent). Deleting the order deletes the order items.

✅ c) Many-to-Many Relationship (via Junction Object)

 Uses two master-detail fields on a custom junction object.

 Allows records from two objects to be related to multiple records of each other.
📌 Example:
A Student can enroll in multiple Courses, and each Course can have multiple Students.
You use a junction object like Enrollment with two master-detail fields (to Student and Course).

🔹 Roll-Up Summary Field in Salesforce

A Roll-Up Summary Field is a special type of field on a parent object that
calculates values from related child records in a master-detail relationship.

✅ Key Points:

 Only available on master-detail relationships (not lookup).

 Created on the parent object.
 Can perform calculations based on the child records:
o COUNT: Number of related child records
o SUM: Total of a numeric field in child records
o MIN/MAX: Minimum or maximum value of a field in child records

📌 Example Use Cases:

1. Account – Opportunities (if custom master-detail):
o Roll-up field on Account to show Total Value of Closed Deals (SUM of
Amount)
2. Order – Order Items:
o Roll-up field on Order to show Total Quantity of Items

🧠 Limitations:
 You cannot create roll-up summaries between standard objects using
lookup fields (e.g., Account & Opportunity).
 For lookup relationships, you'd need a trigger or Flow to mimic this
behavior.

Junction Object
Salesforce natively supports one-to-many relationships (via Lookup or Master-
Detail).
But to model a many-to-many relationship (e.g., one Student can enroll in
many Courses, and each Course can have many Students), we use a junction
object.

✅ Key Features:
 A junction object has two master-detail fields, each linking to a different
object.
 This allows the junction object to relate two records from different
objects.
 Supports roll-up summary fields because of master-detail.

🔹 Stages of Opportunity

In Salesforce, an Opportunity represents a potential deal or sales pipeline item.

Each opportunity progresses through Stages, which represent the sales process.

🧱 Typical Opportunity Stages (can be customized):

Stage Meaning

Prospecting Identifying potential leads

Qualification Determining if the lead is a valid customer

Needs Analysis Understanding the customer's requirements

Value Proposition Demonstrating how your product solves the need

Id. Decision Makers Identifying key people in the deal

Proposal/Price Quote Sending quote to customer

Negotiation/Review Discussing pricing/terms

Closed Won Deal is successfully closed

Closed Lost Deal did not go through

📌 These stages often have a probability and can drive forecasting, reports, and workflow
automation.

🔹 Part 1: Data Management & Tracking

1. Duplicate Rule / Matching Rule

✅ Matching Rule

 Defines the criteria to identify duplicate records.

 Example: Two contacts with the same email = match.

 Can use fields like Name, Email, Phone, etc.

✅ Duplicate Rule

 Uses the matching rule to prevent or alert on duplicate entries.

 Can be set to:

o Allow duplicates (but show a warning)

o Block duplicates from being saved

📌 Example:
Prevent users from creating an Account if a record already exists with the same Account Name.

2. Activities

 Includes Tasks, Events, and Emails associated with a record.

 Found in the Activity Timeline of a record.

 Help track calls, meetings, follow-ups, and more.

📌 Example: Log a call or schedule a meeting related to an Opportunity.

3. Feed

 Part of Chatter, Salesforce’s collaboration tool.

 Shows a real-time activity feed (like a Facebook timeline).

 Users can post, comment, and follow records.

📌 Example: Team members can comment on a record or share updates.

4. Field History Tracking

 Allows you to track changes to specific fields.

 Shows the old value, new value, who made the change, and when.

 Can track up to 20 fields per object.

📌 Example: Track when an Opportunity Stage changes and who changed it.
🔹 Part 2: Reports & Dashboards

5. Reports

Salesforce reports are used to analyze data. You can summarize, group, and visualize records
from any object.

There are four types of reports:

✅ a) Tabular Report

 Like a simple Excel table.

 Shows rows of data without grouping.

 Best for lists like contacts or leads.

📌 Example: A list of all leads created this month.

✅ b) Summary Report

 Groups rows based on a field.

 Can show subtotals and summaries.

📌 Example: Opportunities grouped by Stage with total amount per stage.

✅ c) Matrix Report

 Groups data by rows and columns (like a pivot table).

 Great for comparing values in two dimensions.

📌 Example: Opportunities grouped by Stage (rows) and Owner (columns).

✅ d) Joined Report

 Combines data from multiple report types or objects into sections.

📌 Example: Show cases and related opportunities in one report.

6. Filters in Reports

 Used to narrow down data.

 Example: Show only records where "Status = Open" or "Close Date = This Month".

7. Report Chart
 Add visual graphs (bar, pie, line, donut, etc.) to reports.

 Makes trends and summaries easier to understand.

📌 Example: Add a bar chart to show total opportunity amount by stage.

✅ Summary Table

Term Description Example

Defines what counts as a

Matching Rule Same email = match
duplicate

Duplicate Rule Blocks or warns on duplicates Block duplicate contacts

Tasks, Events, Emails related to

Activities Log a call for a lead
records

Chatter activity stream on a

Feed Team comments on a case
record

Field History See who changed Stage from Open

Tracks changes to fields
Tracking → Closed

Tabular Report Simple list of records List of all accounts

Summary Report Grouped by a field Leads grouped by source

Matrix Report Grouped by rows and columns Opportunities by Stage & Owner

Filter Narrows down report data Close Date = This Quarter

Pie chart showing case status

Report Chart Adds visual to report
distribution

🔷 REPORT TYPES & REPORTING TOOLS

1. Report Type
A Report Type defines:

 Which objects and fields are available in a report.

 The relationships between objects (e.g., Accounts with Opportunities).
🔸 Standard Report Types: Provided by Salesforce (e.g., "Accounts with Contacts")
🔸 Custom Report Types: Created when you need specific object relationships or want to include
custom fields not available in standard types.
📌 Example: A custom report type for “Projects with Tasks” (both are custom objects).

2. Custom Object Report

If you create a custom object, Salesforce automatically creates:

 A tabular report type for that object (e.g., "My_Custom_Object Reports")

To report on relationships:
 You may need to create a Custom Report Type (if the object has relationships with other
objects).
📌 Example: For a custom object Expense, you can report on Expenses per Employee using a
custom report type.

3. Joined Report

A Joined Report allows you to:

 Combine data from multiple report types into a single view.
 Create report blocks, each with its own filters and data set.
📌 Example:
 One block shows "Opportunities by Stage"
 Another block shows "Cases by Status"
 Both are visible in one report
🔸 Great for executive summaries or cross-object insights.

4. Bucket Field

A Bucket Field lets you group values without changing the data itself.

🔹 You create custom categories based on field values (like Age groups or Amount ranges).
📌 Example:
 Group Opportunity Amounts:
o Bucket 1: 0–10,000 = "Small"
o Bucket 2: 10,001–50,000 = "Medium"
o Bucket 3: >50,000 = "Large"
🎯 No formula or field creation required—done directly in the report builder.

5. Report on Duplicate Records

To report on duplicates, you use:

 Duplicate Rules + Matching Rules (as discussed earlier)
 Custom report types on the Duplicate Record Items object (internal Salesforce object)
📌 Steps:
1. Enable and configure Duplicate Rules.
2. Use "Duplicate Record Items" in a report.
3. Create a report showing potential duplicates (e.g., Contacts with same phone numbers).

🔷 DASHBOARDS

A Dashboard is a visual display of reports using charts, tables, and metrics.

 Built using components, each tied to a report.
 Can show bar charts, pie charts, gauges, line graphs, metrics, etc.
 Great for real-time data tracking and performance monitoring.
📌 Example Dashboard:
 Component 1: Pie chart of Cases by Status
 Component 2: Bar chart of Opportunities by Stage
 Component 3: Metric showing Total Revenue this Month
🔸 Dashboards use the underlying report’s data, and refresh when the report is refreshed.

✅ Summary Table

Term Description Example

Defines objects & fields available in a

Report Type "Opportunities with Products"
report

Custom Object
Report based on your custom object "Expenses by Employee"
Report

Combines multiple report types into Opportunities + Cases in one

Joined Report
one report

Group field values into categories Group revenue into Low,

Bucket Field
without changing actual data Medium, High

Report on Report using the Duplicate Record

Contacts with same Email
Duplicates Items object

Visual layout showing data from Pie + Bar + Metric showing

Dashboard
reports sales & service data