Title: Indefinite Integration

Chapter: Indefinite Integration

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Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

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EXERCISE – 1
Section (A) : Integration using Standard Integral :
1. Integrate with respect to x :
(i) (2x + 3)5 (ii) sin 2x (iii) sec2 (4x + 5)
(iv) sec (3x + 2) (v) tan (2x + 1) (vi) 23x+4
1
(vii) (viii) e4x + 5
2x + 1

2. Integrate with respect to x :

(i) sin2x (ii) cos3x (iii) sin 2x cos 3x
x 3x 1
(iv) 4 sin x cos cos (v)
2 2 x+3 − x+2

3. Integrate with respect to x : x + 1

(x + 1)3 / 2 3(x + 1)3 / 2 (x + 1)3 / 2 2(x + 1)3 / 2
(A) +C (B) +C (C) +C (D) +C
2 2 3 3

1
4. Integrate with respect to x :
2x + 1
1
( 2x + 1)
3/2
(A) 2x + 1 + C (B) +C (C) – 2x + 1 + C (D) +C
( 2x + 1)
3/2

1 x 
5. If  1 + sin x
dx = tan  + a  + C, then
 2 
  5 
(A) a = – , C  R (B) a = , C  R (C) a = ,CR (D) a = ,CR
4 4 4 3

1
6. If  (sin2x − cos2x) dx = 2
sin (2x – a) + C, then

5 5  
(A) a = ,CR (B) a = – ,CR (C) a = ,CR (D) a = ,CR
4 4 4 2

cos2x
7. The value of 
cos x
dx is equal to

(A) 2 sin x – n |sec x + tan x| + C (B) 2 sin x – n |sec x – tan x| + C

(C) 2 sin x + n |sec x + tan x| + C (D) sin x – n |sec x – tan x| + C
 cos 4x + 1
8. If  cot x − tan x
dx = A cos 4x + B; where A & B are constants, then

(A) A = − 1/4 & B may have any value (B) A = − 1/8 & B may have any value
(C) A = − 1/2 & B = − 1/4 (D) A = B = 1/2

Section (B) : Integration using Substitution :

1. Integrate with respect to x :
x ex + 1
(i) x sin x2 (ii) (iii) sec2 x tan x (iv)
x +1
2
ex + x
1 − sin x e2x cos2x + x + 1 sec x
(v) (vi) (vii) (viii)
x + cos x e2x − 2 x 2 + sin2x + 2x n (sec x + tan x)
2
x  x 1 1
(ix) (x) e + x  (xi) (ex + 1)2 ex (xii)
x+2  e  (
x x +1 5
)
1 x2 − 8
(xiii) 1
(xiv)
x4
x5 (1 + x ) 5 5

d(x 2 + 1)
2. Find the value of  (x 2 + 2)
.

3. Evaluate the following :

 x 
 xcos x − sin x   x + 1 − ln(x + 1) 
(i)
 
 x sin x  dx

(ii)  
 x(ln(x + 1)) 
 dx
 

x
a
4. The value of  x
dx is equal to

x
a 2a x x
(A) +C (B) +C (C) 2a x
. n a + C (D) 2a +C
x n a

5x

 5 . 5 . 5 dx is equal to
x
5 5 x
5. The value of
x 5x 5x
55 55
x
55 55
(A) +C (B) 5 (n 5) + C
3
(C) +C (D) +C
( n 5)3 ( n 5)3 ( n 5)2

tan x
6. The value of  sin x cos x
dx is equal to

tan x
(A) 2 tan x + C (B) 2 cot x + C (C) +C (D) tan x + C
2

2x
7. If  1− 4 x
dx = K sin–1 (2x) + C, then the value of K is equal to

1 1 1
(A) n 2 (B) n 2 (C) (D)
2 2 n 2

dx
8. If y =  and y = 0 when x = 0, then value of y when x = 1, is:
(1 + x )
3/2
2

2 1
(A) (B) 2 (C) 3 2 (D)
3 2

9. The value of  tan3 2 x sec 2 x dx is equal to :

 1 1 1 1
(A) sec3 2 x − sec 2 x + C (B) − sec3 2 x − sec 2 x + C
3 2 6 2
1 1 1 1
(C) sec3 2 x − sec 2 x + C (D) sec3 2 x + sec 2 x + C
6 2 3 2

( )
1/ 2
x . 1 + x5 / 2
13 / 2
10. If dx = P (1 + x5/2)7/2 + Q (1 + x5/2)5/2 + R (1 + x5/2)3/2 + C, then P,Q and R are
4 8 4 4 8 4
(A) P = ,Q=– ,R= (B) P = ,Q= ,R=
35 25 15 35 25 15
4 8 4 4 8 4
(C) P = – ,Q=– ,R= (D) P = ,Q=– ,R=–
35 25 15 35 25 15

1 − x7
11. The value of  x (1 + x ) dx is equal to
7

2 2
(A) n |x| + n |1 + x7| + C (B) n |x| − n |1 − x7| + C
7 7
2 2
(C) n |x| − n |1 + x7| + C (D) n |x| + n |1 − x7| + C
7 7

Section (C) : Integration by parts :

1. Integrate with respect to x :
(i) x n x (ii) x sin2x (iii) x tan–1 x (iv) n x
2 x tan−1 x
2
(v) sec3x (vi) 2x3 e x (vii) sin–1 x (viii)
1 + x2
(ix) ex sin x (x) ex (sec2x + tan x)

2. Find the antiderivative of f(x) = ln (ln x) + (ln x)–2 whose graph passes through (e, e).

3. The value of  (x − 1) e− x dx is equal to

(A) –xex + C (B) xex + C (C) – xe–x + C (D) xe–x + C

 1 + x + x2 
e
−1
tan x
4. The value of   dx is equal to
 1+ x 
2

−1 −1 1 −1 −1
(A) x e tan x
+C (B) x2 e tan x
+C (C) e tan x + C (D) x ecot x
+C
x

5. The value of  [f(x)g(x) − f (x)g(x)] dx is equal to

f(x)
(A) +C (B) f(x) g(x) – f(x) g(x) + C
g(x)
(C) f(x) g(x) – f(x) g(x) + C (D) f(x) g(x) + f(x) g(x) + C

x nx
6.  dx equals
(x )
3/2
2
−1
nx nx
(A) arc sec x − +C (B) sec −1 x + +C
x −1
2
x2 − 1
nx nx
(C) cos−1 x − +C (D) sec x − +C
x2 − 1 x2 − 1

7. The value of  (x en sin x − cos x) dx is equal to:

(A) x cos x + C (B) sin x − x cos x + C
(C) − en x cos x + C (D) sin x + x cos x + C

Section (D) : Algebraic integral :

1. Integrate with respect to x :
 1 1 1
(i) (ii) (iii)
x +4 2
x +5
2
x + 2x + 5
2

2x + 1 x3 − 1 1
(iv) (v) (vi)
x + 3x + 4
2
x3 + x x2 − 4
(vii) x2 + 4 (viii) x2 + 2x + 5 (ix) (x – 1) 1 − x − x2
(x)  x5 a3 + x3

2. Integrate with respect to x :

1 1
(i) (ii)
(x + 1)(x + 2) (x + 1)(x + 3)
2

3x + 2 1
(iii) (iv)
(x + 1)2 (x + 2) (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)

3. Integrate with respect to x :

1 1 + x2 1 − x2
(i) 4 (ii) (iii)
x + x2 + 1 1+ x4 1 − x2 + x4

4. Integrate with respect to x :

1 1
(i) (ii)
(x + 1) x + 2 (x − 4) x + 1
2

1 1
(iii) (iv)

(x + 1) x + 2 (x + 1) x  + 2
2

5. Evaluate the following :

 1+ x   x − 1  x 1+ x 
(i)   x  dx
 
(ii)   x + 1  dx
 
(iii)  
 1− x
 dx


dx
6. The value of x + x +1
2
is equal to

3  2x + 1 2  2x + 1
(A) tan–1   +C (B) tan–1   +C
2  3  3  3 
1  2x + 1 2  2x − 1 
(C) tan–1   +C (D) tan–1   +C
3  3  3  3 

1
7. The value of  x 2 (x 4 + 1)3 / 4
dx is equal to

1/ 4 1/ 4 1/ 4
 1  1  1
(A)  1 + 4  +C (B) (x4 + 1)1/4 + C (C)  1 − 4  +C (D) –  1 + 4  +C
 x   x   x 

dx
8. The value of x 1 − x3
is equal to

1 1 − x3 − 1 1 1 − x2 + 1
(A) n +C (B) n +C
3 1 − x3 + 1 3 1 − x2 − 1
1 1 1
(C) n +C (D) n |1 – x3 | + C
3 1− x 3 3

ex − 1
9. The value of  ex + 1
dx is equal to [16JM120485]

(A) n (e + x
)
e2x − 1 – sec–1 (ex) + C (B) n (e + x
)
e2x − 1 + sec–1 (ex) + C

(C) n ( e − x
e2x − 1) – sec –1
(ex) + C (D) n ( e + x
e2x − 1) – sin –1
(ex) + C
 dx A B x
10. If x+x 4
3
= 2
x
+
x
+ n
x +1
+ C, then

1 1 1 1 1
(A) A = , B = 1 (B) A = 1, B = – (C) A = – ,B=1 (D) A = – ,B=
2 2 2 2 2

Section (E) : Integration of trigonometric functions :

1. Integrate with respect to x :
1 1 2sin x + 2cos x
(i) (ii) (iii)
2 + cos x 2 − cos x 3cos x + 2sin x
1 1 2
cosec x.sin x sin 4 x
(iv) (v) (vi) (vii)
1 + sin x + cos x 2 + sin2 x (sin x − cos x) cos 2 x

2. Evaluate the following

 sin x + cos x   cos x − sin x 
(i)   9 + 16sin2x  dx (ii)   8 − sin2x 
 dx

cos3 x  −9 −5

3. If  11
sin x
dx = – 2 

A tan 2
x + B tan 2
x  + C, then find A and B.


cos 2x
4. The value of  (sin x + cos x) 2
dx is equal to

−1
(A) +C (B) n (sin x + cos x) + C
sin x + cos x
(C) n (sin x – cos x) + C (D) n (sin x + cos x)2 + C

5. The value of  [1 + tan x . tan(x + )] dx is equal to [16JM120479]

sin x sin x
(A) cos  . n +C (B) tan  . n +C
sin(x + ) sin(x + )
sec(x +  ) cos(x +  )
(C) cot  . n +C (D) cot  . n +C
sec x cos x

6. The value of  sec x − 1 dx is equal to [16JM120486]

 x x 1  x x 1
(A) 2 n  cos + cos2 −  + C (B) n  cos + cos2 −  + C
 2 2 2  2 2 2
 x x 1  x x 1
(C) – 2 n  cos + cos2 −  + C (D) – 2 n  sin + cos2 −  + C
2 2 2  2 2 2 
 

dx
7. The value of  cos 3
x sin2x
is equal to

 1   1 
(A) 2  cos x + tan5 / 2 x  + C (B) 2  tan x + 5 tan x  + C
5/2

 5   
 1   1 
(C) 2  tan x − tan5 / 2 x  + C (D) 2  cos x − tan5 / 2 x  + C
 5   5 

sin2 x
8. Antiderivative of w.r.t. x is :
1 + sin2 x

(A) x −
2
2
arctan ( )
2 tan x + C (B) x −
1
2
 tan x 
arctan 
 2 
 +C

(C) x − 2 arctan ( )
2 tan x + C (D) x − 2 arctan 
 tan x 
 2 
 +C
 1
9. Integrate
1 − cot x
1 1 1 1
(A) log | sin x − cos x | + x + C (B) log | sin x + cos x | + x + C
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
(C) log | sin x + cos x | − x + C (D) log | sin x − cos x | − x + C
2 2 2 2

dx
10. I=  sin x + sec x is equal to

1 3 + sinx - cosx
(A) log + tan−1 (sinx + cosx) + C
2 3 3 − (sinx - cosx)
1 3 + sinx - cosx
(B) log + tan−1 (sinx - cosx) + C
2 3 3 − (sinx - cosx)

1 3 + sinx + cosx
(C) log + tan−1 (sinx + cosx) + C
2 3 3 − (sinx - cosx)
1 3 + sinx - cosx
(D) log + tan−1 (sinx + cosx) + C
2 3 3 − (sinx + cosx)

Section (F) : Reduction formulae

1 x 2n − 3
1. If n =  (x 2
+ a2 )n
dx then prove that In = +
2a2 (n − 1)(x 2 + a2 )n −1 2(n − 1)a2
n–1

2an 2x n (a − x)3 / 2
If n =  x (a – x)1/2dx then prove that n = n–1 –
n
2.
2n + 3 2n + 3

ex −e x 1
3. If n = x n
dx and n = +
k1xn−1 k 2 − 1
n–1 , then (k2 – k1) is equal to :

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

 u2 u9 
If n =  cot xdx and 0 + 1 + 2 (2 + .....+ 8) + 9 + 10 = A  u + + ..... +  + C, where u = cotx and
n
4.
 2 9
C is an arbitrary constant, then
(A) A = 2 (B) A = – 1 (C) A = 1 (D) A is dependent on x

Section (G) : Match the Column

1. Column – I Column – II
x + sin x 
(A) If F(x) =  dx and F(0) = 0, then the value of F(/2) is (p)
1 + cos x 2
 x  
Let F(x) =  esin x  1 −
−1
(B)  dx and F(0) = 1, (q)
 1 − x2  3
k 3 e / 6
If F(1/2) = , then the value of k is

dx 
(C) Let F(x) =  2 and F(0) = 0, (r)
(x + 1) (x 2 + 9) 4
5
if F( 3 ) = k, then the value of k is
36
tan x
(D) Let F(x) =  sin x cos x dx and F(0) = 0 (s) 

2k
if F(/4) = , then the value of k is

 dx
2. If I = a+b
cos x
, where a, b > 0 and a + b = u, a – b = v, then match the following column

Column – I Column – II
x
u+ v tan
1 2 +C
(A) v=0 (p) = n
uv x
u– v tan
2
2  v x 
(B) v>0 (q) = tan–1  tan  + C
uv  u 2 
x
u + –v tan
1 2 +C
(C) v<0 (r) = n
–u v x
u – –v tan
2
2 x
(s) tan +C
u 2
 Answer Key
Section (A) : Integration using Standard Integral :
(2x + 3)6 cos2x tan(4x + 5)
1. (i) +C (ii) – +C (iii) +C
12 2 4
1 1
(iv) n |sec (3x + 2) + tan (3x + 2) | + C (v) n |sec(2x + 1)| + C
3 2
23x + 4 1 e4x + 5
(vi) +C (vii) n |2x + 1| + C (viii) +C
3 n 2 2 4
x 1 sin3x 3
2. (i) – sin2x + C (ii) + sin x + C
2 4 12 4
1 1 1 1
(iii) – cos 5x + cosx + C (iv) cos x − cos 2x − cos 3x + C
10 2 2 3

(v)
2
3
((x + 3)3 / 2 + (x + 2)3 / 2 ) + C
3. (D) 4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (B) 7. (A)
8. (B)

Section (B) : Integration using Substitution :

1 1
1. (i) – cosx2 + C (ii) n |x2 + 1| + C
2 2
1 sec 2 x
(iii) (tanx)2 + C or +C (iv) n |ex + x| + C
2 2
1
(v) n |x + cosx| + C (vi) n |e2x – 2| + C
2
1
(vii) n |x2 + sin2x + 2x| + C (viii) n | n(secx + tanx) | + C
2
2 1 2x
(ix) (x + 2)3/2 – 4(x + 2)1/2 + C (x) (e – e– 2x) + 2x + C
3 2
1 3x 1 1
(xi) e + e2x + ex + C (xii) – n 1 + 5 + C
3 5 x
(x )
3/2
1  1
4/5 2
− 8
(xiii) – 1 + 5  +C (xiv) +C
4  x  24 x3
2. 2 (x 2 + 2) + C
 sin x   ln(x + 1) 
3. (i) ln  +C (ii) ln  +C
 x   x 
4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (A) 7. (D) 8. (D)
9. (C) 10. (A) 11. (C)

Section (C) : Integration by parts :

x2 x2 x2 x 1
1. (i) n x – +C (ii) – sin2x – cos2x + C
2 4 4 4 8
x2 x 1
(iii) tan–1x – + tan–1x + C
2 2 2
sec x tan x 1
(iv) x (nx – 1) + C (v) + n |sec x + tanx | + C
2 2
2 x 1– x 1
(vi) (x2 – 1) e x + C (vii) x sin–1 x + – sin–1 x + C
2 2
1 (tan−1 x)2
(viii) x tan–1x – n (1 + x2) – +C
2 2
ex
(ix) (sinx – cosx) + C (x) ex tanx + C
2

 1 
2. y = x  n( nx) − + 2e 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (C)
 nx 
6. (A) 7. (C)
Section (D) : Algebraic integral :
1 x 1 x 1  ( x + 1) 
1. (i) tan–1 + C (ii) tan–1 +C (iii) tan–1  2  +C
2 2 5 5 2  
4 2x + 3 1+ x2
(iv) n |x2 + 3x + 4| – tan–1 +C (v) x − arctan x + n +C
7 7 x
x
(vi) n |x + x2 − 4 | + C (vii) x2 + 4 + 2 n |x + x2 + 4 | + C
2
x +1
(viii) x2 + 2x + 5 + 2 n x + 1 + x2 + 2x + 5 + C
2
(1 − x − x 2 )3 / 2 3 15  2x + 1
(ix) – – (2x + 1) 1 − x − x2 – sin–1  + C
3 8 16  5 
2 2a3
(x) (a3 + x3)5/2 – (a3 + x3)3/2 + C
15 9

x +1
2. (i) n +C
x+2
1 1 3
(ii) n |x + 3| – n |x2 + 1| + tan–1 x + C
10 20 10
1
(iii) 4n|x + 1| + – 4n|x + 2| + C
(x + 1)
1 1
(iv) n |x + 1| – n |x + 2| + n |x + 3| + C
2 2

1
 x2 − 1 x+ −1
1 1 x
 – n
–1
3. (i) tan  1
+C
2 3  3x  4 x + +1
x
1  x2 − 1 
(ii) tan–1   + C
2  2 x
1
x+ – 3
1 x
(iii) – n +C
2 3 1
x+ + 3
x

x + 2 −1 1 t− 3 1
4. (i) n +C (ii) n – tan–1(t) + C, where t = x +1
x + 2 +1 4 3 t+ 3 2
2
1  1  1 2 1
(iii) – n  t −  +  t −  + + C, where t =
3  3  3 9 x +1

x2 + 2
(iv) – tan–1 +C
x2

1  1
5. (i) ln  x +  + x 2 + x + x2 + x + C
2  2 
1 −1 x
(ii) x2 − 1 – ln x + x2 − 1 + C (iii) sin x − 1 − x2 − 1 − x2 + C
2 2
6. (B) 7. (D) 8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (C)

Section (E) : Integration of trigonometric functions :

2  tan x / 2  2  x
1. (i) tan–1   +C (ii) tan–1  3 tan  + C
3  3  3  2
10 2 x
(iii) x– n |3cosx + 2sinx| + C (iv) n 1 + tan +C
13 13 2
 1  3 tan x 
(v) tan–1   +C (vi) n | 1 − cot x | + C
 2 
6 
1 3x
(vii) tan x + sin 2x − + C
4 2

1  4(sin x − cos x) + 5   sin x + cos x 

2. (i) n  + C (ii) sin–1   +C
40  4(sin x + cos x) − 5   3 
1 1
3. A= ,B= 4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (C) 7. (B)
9 5
8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (A)

Section (F) : Reduction formulae

3. (B) 4. (B)

Section (G) : Match the column

1. (A) → (p), (B) → (p), (C) → (r), (D) → (s)

2. (A) → (s) ; (B) → (q) ; (C) → (r)

Solution
Section (A) : Integration using Standard Integral :
1 (2x + 3)6 1
 (2x + 3) dx =
5
1. (i) +C= (2x + 3)6 + C (here put (2x + 3) = t)
2 6 12
1
(ii)  sin2x dx = – 2 cos2x + C
1
 sec (4x+ 5) dx = 4 tan(4x + 5) + C
2
(iii)

1
(iv)  sec(3x + 2) dx = 3 n  sec(3x + 2) + tan(3x + 2)  + C
1
(v)  tan(2x + 1) dx = 2 n |sec(2x + 1)| + C
16 23x 23 x + 4
 
3x + 4 3x
(vi) 2 dx = 16 2 dx = + C = +C
3 n2 3 n2
1 1
(vii)  2x + 1 dx = 2 n|(2x + 1)| + C
e4x +5

4x + 5
(viii) e dx = +C
4

1 − cos2x x 1
 sin  –
2
2. (i) x dx = dx = sin 2x + C
2 2 4
 cos3x 3  sin3x 3
 cos x dx =   4 + 4 cos x  dx = 12 + 4 sin x + C
3
(ii)

1 cos5x cos x
(iii)  ( sin5x − sin x ) dx = − + +C
2 10 2
x 3x
(iv)  4 sin x 2 cos cos 2 dx =  2sin x(cos2x + cos x)dx
=  2sin x cos2x dx +  sin2x dx
1 1
=  (sin3x − sin x + sin2x) dx = cos x −
2
cos 2x − cos 3x + C
3
1  1 x+3 + x+2
(v) =  dx =     dx
x+3 − x+2  x+3 − x+2 x + 3 + x + 2 
2 2
=  ( x + 3 ) + ( x + 2)  dx = ( x + 3 ) + ( x + 2) + C
1/ 2 1/ 2 3/2 3/2

  3 3
3. =  x + 1 dx =  t dt where x + 1 = t  dx = dt
2 3/2 2
 = t = (x + 1)3/2 + C
3 3

1 dt
4. =  2x + 1
dx put 2x + 1 = t  dx =
2
1 dt
 =
2  t
= 2x + 1 + C

1 1 1  x
5. =  dx =  dx =  sec 2  –  dx
   x 2 4 2
1 + cos  – x  2cos2  – 
2  4 2
x  
= tan  –  + C  a = – , C  R
2 4 4

1 sin2x 1  
6.  =– cos2x − +C =− sin  2x +  + C
2 2 2  4 
1  5  5
= sin  2x + +C  a = − 4 , C  R
2  4 

cos2x 2cos2 x − 1
7. =  cos x dx =  cos x dx = 2 sin x –  sec x dx = 2 sin x – n |sec x + tan x| + C

cos 4x + 1
8.  cot x − tan x
dx = A cos 4x + B

2cos2 2x sin x cos x 1

L.H.S. =  dx =  2cos2x sin x cos x dx =  sin4x dx
cos 2x 2
1 (− cos 4x) 1
= + B = − cos 4x + B
2 4 8

Section (B) : Integration using Substitution :

dt
=  x sin x 
2
1. (i) dx Put x2 = t x dx =
2
1 cos t cos x 2
2
 = sin t dt = – +C=– +C
2 2
x dt
(ii) x 2
+1
dx Put x2 + 1 = t  x dx =
2
1 dt 1
2 t
 = = n(x2 + 1) + C
2
(iii)  =  sec x tan x dx Put tanx = t
2
 sec2x dx = dt
tan2 x
  =t dt = +C
2
ex + 1
(iv) = ex + x dx Put ex + x = t  (ex + 1) dx = dt

  = n(ex + x) + C
(v) Let x + cosx = t  (1– sinx) dx = dt
dt
 =  = n | t | + C = n |x + cosx| + C
t
1 1
(vi)  =  dt where e2x – 2 = t  2e2x dx = dt
2 t
1 1
= n |t| + C = n|e2x – 2| + C
2 2
(vii) Let x2 + sin2x + 2x = t
2(x + cos2x + 1) dx = dt
 dt 1 1
= = n | t | + C = n|x2 + sin2x + 2x| + C
2t 2 2
(viii) Let n(secx + tanx) = t  secx dx = dt
dt
 = = nt + C = n |n(secx + tanx)| + C
t
x . dx
(ix)  x+2
2
=  x + 2 dx –  dx
x+2
2
= (x + 2)3 / 2 – 2 × 2 x + 2 + C
3
2
= (x + 2)3/2 – 4(x + 2)1/2 + C
3
1
(x) Let ex = t  ex dx = dt dx = dt
t
2
 1 1  1 2 t2 1 1 2x
=   t + t  t dt =   t + t 3
+
t dt = −
2 2t 2
+ 2 n | t | +C =
2
(e − e−2x ) + 2x + C

(xi) Put t = ex  dt = ex dx
t3 e3x
 ( t + 1) ( )
2
= = dt = t 2 + 2t + 1 dt = + t 2 + t + C = + e2x + e x + C
3 3
x4
(xii) =  x5 (x5 + 1) dx Let x5 = t  5x4 dx = dt

1 dt 1 1 1 
= 
5 t (t + 1)
=  −
5  t t + 1
dt

1
= [n|t| – n |(t + 1)|] + C
5
1  x5  1 1
= ln  5 
+C =– n 1 + 5 +C
5  1+ x  5 x
1
(xiii) =  5 dx
x (1 + x 5 )1/ 5
1
=
 1 
 1/ 5
dx
x  5 + 1 6

x 
 1  −5
Let  5 + 1 =t  dx = dt
x  x6
1 dt
 = −  1/ 5
5 t
1
− +1 4/5
1 t 5 1  1
= − = − 1 + 5  +C
5 4/5 4  x 
x2 − 8
(xiv) = 
x4
dx

1 8 8 1 t
=  3 1 − 2 dx Put 1– = t2  dx = dt
x x x2 x 3
8
t
  =  t. dt
8
(x )
3/2
1 t3 1  8 
3/2 2
−8
= × = 1 − 2  = +C
8 3 24  x  24 x3

d (x 2
+1 ) 2x
2. Let  =  x +2 2
x2 + 2
=  dx

Put x2 + 2 = t  2x dx = dt
 dt
=  t
= 2t1/2 + C = 2 x2 + 2 + C

x cos x + sin x
 x cos x + sin x − 2sin x  2  sin x 
3. (i) I =
  x sin x  dx =
 x sin x
d−
x 
dx = ln(x sin x) – 2 lnx + C= ln 
 x  
+C

 x   x 
 x + 1 + ln(x + 1) − 2ln(x + 1)   x + 1 + ln(x + 1)  2
(ii) I = 

 x(ln(x + 1))
 dx= 
  x(ln(x + 1)) 
 dx –
x 
dx = ln (x ln(x+1)) – lnx2 + C

   
 ln(x + 1) 
= ln  +C
 x 

x
a dx
4. =  x
dx Put x =t 
2 x
= dt

a x
  = 2  at dt = 2. +C
na

x
5. Let 5 5 = t
 55 .
x
n 5 . 5x. n 5 dx = dt
5x
5 dt 5 t
55 t
=  = + C = +C
( n 5)2 ( n 5)3 ( n 5)3

tan x tan x
6. =  sin x dx =  sec 2 x dx Put tan x = t
cos x tan x
 sec2 x dx = dt
1
 =  dt = 2 t + C = 2 tan x + C
t

7. Let 2x = t  2x log2 dx = dt
1 dt 1 1
= 
n 2 1− t 2
=
n2
sin–1(t) + C =
n2
sin–1(2x) + C

1
 K=
n 2

dx 1 2
8. y = 3/2
put 1+ = t2  – dx = 2t dt
 1  x2 x3
x3 1 + 2 
 x 
−t dt dt x
 y=  3 =– t 2
= +C= +C
t 1 + x2
1
 y (0) = 0  C=0  y(1) =
2

 tan 2x.sec 2x
3
9. dx
 =  ( sec 2x − 1) 2
sec 2x.tan 2x dx Put sec 2x = t  2 sec 2x tan 2x dx = dt
t3
 =
1 2
2
t −1( ) dt =
6
–
t
2
+C =
1
6
sec3 2x –
1
2
sec 2x + C

(1 + x )  x .x (1 + x )
1/ 2 1/ 2
Let  = x
13 / 2 5/2 5 3/2 5/2
10. dx = dx
Put 1 + x5/2 = t  x3/2 dx = dt
2 2 2 2 7/2 2 3/2 2 
=  (t − 1)2 t1/ 2 dt =  (t + t1/ 2 − 2t 3 / 2 ) dt = t + t − 2. t 5 / 2  + C
5/2

5 7
5 5 3 5 
 4
(1 + x5 / 2 )
4
(1 + x5 / 2 ) –
8
(1 + x )
7/2 3/2 3/2
5/2
= + +C
35 15 25
On comparing with given, we have
4 8 4
P= ,Q=– ,R=
35 25 15

1 − x7 (1 + x7 ) − 2x7 1 x6 2
11.  x (1 + x ) 7
dx = 
x (1 + x7 )
dx = x dx − 2  (1 + x7 ) dx = n |x| − 7 n |1 + x7| + C

Section (C) : Integration by parts :

x2 1 x2 x2 x2
1. (i) x n x dx = nx.
2
–  . dx = nx.
x 2 2
–
4
+C

 1 − cos2x  x2 1
 x sin x dx =  x  2  dx = 4 – 2  x cos2x dx
2
(ii)

x2 x sin2x 1 sin2x x2 x 1
= – . +  dx + C = – sin 2x – cos 2x + C
4 2 2 2 2 4 4 8
 x tan x dx
−1
(iii)
x2 1 x2 + 1 − 1 x2 1 1 1
= tan–1 x.
2
–  1 + x2 2
. dx =
2
tan–1 x –
2 
1.dx + 
2 1 + x2
dx

x2 x 1
= tan–1 x – + tan–1 x + C
2 2 2
1
(iv)  nx dx =  1 . nx dx = x lnx –  x .x dx = x nx – x + C
(v) Let t = tanx
dt = sec2x dx
t 1
 =  1 + tan2 x sec2x dx =  1 + t 2 dt = 1+ t2 + n |t + 1 + t 2 | + C
2 2
sec x tan x
= + ln |secx + tanx| + C
2
 =  2x 3 e x dx Put
2
(vi) x2 = t  2x dx = dt

 t.e
2 2
 = t
dt = t.et – et + C = x 2 .e x – e x + C
1
(vii)  =  sin−1 x dx put x =t  dx = dt
2 x
t2 1 t2 dt
  = 2  sin−1 t . t dt = 2 sin–1 t.
2
–2  dt = t2 sin–1 t +
1− t2 2
 1 − t2 dt –  1− t2
t 2 1 x 1− x 1
= t2 sin–1 t + 1− t + sin–1 t – sin–1t + C = x sin–1 x + – sin–1 x+C
2 2 2 2
1
(viii) Let tan–1x = t  dx = dt
1 + x2
  =  t.tan2 t dt =  t(sec 2 t − 1) dt =  t. sec 2 t dt −  t dt
2
t
= t tant – n |sect| – +C
2
1 (tan−1 x)2
= x tan–1x – n(1 + x2) – +C
2 2
(ix)  =  ex sin x dx
= – ex cos x + e cos x dx = – ex cos x + ex sin x –  ex sin x dx
x

1 x
= e (sin x – cos x) + C
2
 e (sec x + tan x) dx = ex tanx + C
x 2
(x)

 1 
2.  f(x) dx =   n ( nx) +

 dx
( nx)2 
 Put nx = t  x = et  dx = et dt
 11 1 1  1   1 
 e  nt +  e 
nt − + + 2  dt = et  nt −  + C  y = x  n ( nx) −
t t
=  dt = +C
t t t 
t2   t  nx 
 it passes through (e, e)  C = 2e
 1 
Hence, y = x  n( nx) − + 2e
 nx 

3.  (x − 1) e− x dx
 d 
e   dx (x − 1) e− x dx  dx = – (x – 1) e–x – e–x + C = –xe–x + C
−x
= (x – 1) dx –


1
4. Let tan–1x = t  dx = dt
1 + x2
 =  et (sec 2 t + tant) dt = et tant + C
−1
= x e tan x
+C

5.  ( f(x) g"(x) − f "(x)g(x)) dx =  f(x) g"(x) dx –  f "(x) g(x) dx

= f(x) g'(x) –  f '(x) g'(x) –  f "(x) g(x) = f(x) g'(x) – f'(x) g(x) +  f "(x) g(x) –  f "(x) g(x)
= f(x) g'(x) – f'(x) g(x) + C

x ln x x dx 1 x 
6. =  dx = nx  (x −  ·  (x dx  dx (Integration by parts)
( ) − 1) − 1)
3/2 2 3/2 2 3/2
x −1
2
x 
 −1  dx − nx
= nx  + = + sec–1x + C
 x −1
2
x x −1
2
x2 − 1

 ( xe − cos x )  x sin x –  cos x dx = –x cos x +  cos x dx –  cos x

nsin x
7. dx = dx
=–e nx
cos x + C

Section (D) : Algebraic integral :

1 1 x 1 1 x
1. (i) x +4
2
dx = tan–1  
2 2
(ii) x 2
+5
dx =
5
tan–1
5
+C

1 1  x + 1
(iii)  (x + 1)2 + 4 dx = 2 tan–1  2  + C
2x + 1
(iv) = x
+ 3x + 4
dx 2

 d 
Let 2x + 1 = A  ( x 2 + 3x + 4 )  + B  2x + 1 = A(2x + 3) + B  A = 1 & B = – 2
 dx 
2x + 3 2
 =  2 dx –  2 dx
x + 3x + 4 x + 3x + 4

(
= n x2 + 3x + 4 – 
2
2 ) dx = n(x2 + 3x + 4) – 
2
2
dx
 3 9  3 
2
 7
x + 2 + 4 − 4  x + 2  +  2 
     
4  2x + 3 
= n(x2 + 3x + 4) – tan–1   +C
7  7 
x3 − 1 dx 1  1 1 2x 
(v) = x dx =  dx −  − dx = x – tan–1x –   dx −  2 dx 
3
+x 1+ x 2
x(x + 1)
2
 x 2 x +1 
1 1 + x2
= x – tan–1x – n|x| + n (x2 + 1) + C = x – tan–1x + n +C
2 x

(vi)  x −4
1
2
dx = n (x + x2 − 4 ) +C
 (vii)  x 2 + 4 dx

x 4  x + x2 + 4 
= x2 + 4 + n   +C
2 2  2 
 

=
x 2
2
x + 4 + 2n x + x 2 + 4 + C ( )
(viii)  x 2 + 2x + 5 dx =  (x + 1)2 + 22 dx
(x + 1)
= x2 + 2x + 5 + 2n x + 1 + x2 + 2x + 5 + C
2
(ix)  (x − 1) 1− x − x2 dx
1
2
= (2x + 1 − 3) 1 − x − x 2 dx

1 3
=  (2x + 1) 1 − x − x 2 dx –  1 − x − x2 dx
2 2
1 3
=  (2x + 1) 1 − x − x 2 dx –
2 4  5 − (2x + 1)2 dx

(1 − x − x )
3/2
2
3 15  2x + 1
=– – (2x + 1) 1 − x − x2 – sin–1   +C
3 8 16  5 
= x a + x3 
5 3
(x) dx Put a3 + x3 = t2 3x2 dx = 2t.dt
2  t 5 a3  t 3 
( )  (t )
2t dt 2
 = t 2 − a3 (t) = 4
− a3 t 2 dt =  −  +C
3 3 3 5 3 
2a3 3
2
( a3 + x 3 ) − ( a + x3 ) + C
5/2 3/2
=
15 9

1  1 1  x +1
2. (i)  (x + 1)(x + 2) =   x + 1 − x + 2  dx = n
x+2
+C

1
(ii) =  (x 2
+ 1)(x + 3)
dx

A Bx + C 1
Let + 2 = 2  A (x2 +1) + (Bx + C)(x + 3) = 1
x + 3 x +1 (x + 1)(x + 3)
Put x = –3  A = 1/10
and A + 3C = 1 A+B=0
B = –1/10
C = 3/10
1 1 1 2x 3 1 1 1 3
 = 
10 x + 3
dx − 
20 x + 12
dx + 
10 x + 1
2
dx =
10
n |x + 3| –
20
n |x2 + 1| +
10
tan–1 x + K

3x + 2 A B C
(iii) =  dx =  dx +  dx +  dx
(x + 1) (x + 2)
2
x +1 (x + 1)2
x+2
dx dx dx 1
= 4
x +1
–  (x + 1) 2
– 4
x+2
= 4n|x + 1| +
(x + 1)
– 4n|x + 2| + C

1
(iv) =  (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) dx put x+1=t  dx = dt

1 1  1 1   1 1 
 =  t (t + 1)(t + 2)
dt = t  t + 1 − t + 2  dt
 
=   t(t + 1) − t(t + 2)  dt

 1 1  
1  11 1 1
=   t − t + 1 − 2  t − t + 2 
 dt = 2 n|t| – n|t +1| + 2 n |t + 2| + C

1 1
= n |x + 1| – n |x + 2| + n |x + 3| + C
2 2

1 1  (x 2 + 1) − (x 2 − 1) 
2   x4 + x2 + 1 
3. (i)  = dx =   dx
x + x2 + 1
4
  1  1
 1 + 2  dx  1 − 2  dx
1  x 
– 
1 x  1 du 1 dv
2 2  u2 + ( 3)2 2  v2 − 1
= 2 2
= −
1 2  1
 − + ( 3 )2 + −1
x   x 
x x
 
 1
where u = x – 1/x  1 +  dx = du
 x2 
 1
and v=x+  1 −  dx = dv
 x2 
1  u  1 v −1
= tan–1   – n +C
2 3  3 4 v +1
1
 x2 − 1 1 x+ −1
1 x
= tan–1   – n 1
+C
2 3  3x  4 x + +1
x
1
1+
1 + x2 x2
(ii) =  dx =  dx
1+ x4 x2 +
1
+2−2
x2
 1
1 + 2 
 1
=  
x  1
dx Put x – =t   1 + 2  dx = dt
 1 x  x 
x − x  + 2
 
dt 1  t  1  x2 − 1 
= t
+2 2
= tan–1 
 2
 +C= tan-1   + C
2 2  2 x
1
−1
1 − x2 2
(iii) =  dx = 1
x dx
1 − x2 + x 4 − 1 + x 2
+ 2 − 2
x2
 1
1 − 2 
=–   x 
dx Put x +
1
=t 
1
1 – 2 = dt
2
 1
( )
2 x x
x + x  − 3
 
 1 
dt 1 x+ − 3
 =–  =– log 
x
 +C
( 3)
2
 x + 1
t2 − 2 3 + 3 
 x 

dx
4. (i) =  (x + 1) x+2
Put x + 2 = t2  dx = 2t dt

2t dt 1 t −1 x + 2 −1
 =  (t 2
−1 . t )
= 2.
2
n
t +1
+ C = n
x + 2 +1
+C

1
(ii) =  (x 2
− 4) x + 1
dx put x + 1 = t2 dx = 2t dt

dt
  = 2 (By partial fraction)
(t − 3)(t 2 + 1)
2

1 1 1 1 1 t− 3 1
=
2  t2 − 3
dt – t dt = n – tan–1t + C, where t = x +1
( ) + 12 t+ 3
2 2
2 4 3 2

dx 1 1
(iii) =  (x + 1) x +2
2
Put x + 1 =
t
 dx = – 2 dt
t
 1
− dt
t2 dt dt 1 dt
=  2
=–  1 2
= –
3t − 2t + 1
2
=–
3
 2
1 1  − +3  1  2 
2
− 1 + 2 t
t  t  t − 3  +  3 
.
 t2 t
   
 2
2
1 1  1  1 
=– n  t −  +  t −  +  + C where t =  
3  3 

 3 9
  x + 1
dx 1 1
(iv) =  Put x =  dx = – 2 dt
( x + 1) x + 2
2 2 t t
1
dt −
t2 t dt
 =  =–  Again put 1 + 2t2 = z2  4t dt = 2z dz
 1 + t 2  1 + 2t 2
 2 
(1+ t 2
) 1 + 2t 2
 t  t

1 z dz 2 dz  x2 + 2 
 =– 
2  z − 1
2
=–
2  1+ z 2
= – tan–1 (z) + C = tan–1 
 x 
2  +C
1 +  . z
 2 

(1 + x) 1 (2x + 2) 1 dx 1 (2x + 1)
5. (i) I=  x(x + 1)
dx =
2  x +x2
dx =
2  x +x
2
+
2  x2 + x
1 dx 1 (2x + 1)dx
=
2   1  1
2 2
+
2 x2 + x

x + 2 − 2
   
1  1
= ln  x +  + x 2 + x + x2 + x + C
2  2 
 x −1  1 2x dx
(ii) I=   2
 dx =

x −1  2  x −1
2
dx –  x −12
= x2 − 1 – ln x + x2 − 1 + C

(x(1 + x)) ((x − 1) + (x + 1))

2
1 2x + 2
 dx = –  1 − x 2 dx +
 2  1 − x2
(iii) I= dx = dx
1− x 2
1− x 2

1 −2xdx dx
− 1 − x2 dx −
2  1 − x2  1 − x2
+

x 1  1 x
= − 1 − x2 + sin−1 x  − 1 − x2 + sin−1 x + C = sin−1 x − 1 − x2 − 1 − x2 + C
 2 2  2 2

dx 2  2x + 1
6. =   3
2
=
3
tan–1 
 3 
 +C
(x +  / 2)2 +  
 2 

1 1
7.  = dx put 1+ =t
1 x4
x (1 + 4 )3 / 4
5

x
1/ 4
4 1 dt 1 t1/ 4  1
 −
x 5
dx = dt  = – 
4 t 3/4
= – .
4 1/ 4
+ C = – 1 + 4 
 x 
+C

dx
8. = x 1 − x3
x2 dx −2t dt
= x 3
1− x 3
Put 1 – x3 = t2  x2 dx =
3
2 t. dt 2 dt 2 1 t −1 1 1 − x3 − 1
 =–
3  (1 − t ) 2
. t
=
3 t 2
=
−1 3
×
2
n
t +1
+C =
3
n
1 − x3 + 1
+C
 ex − 1
9. =  e2x − 1
dx

ex ex
=  e −1
2x
dx − 
x
e e 2x
−1
dx put ex = t  ex dx = dt

dt dt
 =  t2 − 1
−
t t2 − 1
= n t + t 2 − 1 – sec–1(t) + C, where t = ex

dx A B  x 
10. = x
(x + 1)
3
= 2 +
x x
+ n 
 x + 1
 +C

1 a b c d
let 3 = + 2 + 3 +
x (x + 1) x x x (x + 1)
( )
1 = a(x + 1)x2 + bx(x + 1) + c(x + 1)) + dx3 = a x 3 + x 2 + b x 2 + x + c(x + 1) + dx3 ( )
0=a+d
0=a+b
0=b+c
c = 1, b = –1, a = 1, d = –1
dx dx dx dx 1 1 1
  x3 (x + 1) =  x – x 2
+
x3
–  x + 1dx = n|x| +
x
–
2x2
– n|x + 1| + C

Comparing
1
B = 1, A = −
2

Section (E) : Integration of trigonometric functions :

dx
1. (i)  =  2 + cos x
x x
sec 2
dx sec 2 dx
x
=  2 =  2 put tan = t
 2 x  2 x x 2
2  1 + tan  +  1 − tan  3 + tan2
 2  2 2
1 x 2 dt 2 t
 sec 2 dx = dt   = = tan – 1 + C
2 2 3 + t2 3 3
 x
2  tan 2 
= tan - 1   + C
3  3 
 
dx
(ii)  = 
2 − cos x
x
sec 2 dx
= 2
2 x x
2 + 2 tan − 1 + tan2
2 2
x
sec 2 dx
x 3 x
=  2 put 3 tan = t  sec 2 dx = dt
x 2 2 2
1 + 3 tan2
2
2 dt
  = 
3 1+ t
2

2 2  x
= tan - 1 (t) + C = tan – 1  3 tan  + C
3 3  2 
2sin x + 2cos x
(iii)  =  3cos x + 2sin x dx
put 2 sin x + 2 cos x = A(3 cos x + 2 sin x) + B( –3 sin x + 2 cos x)
 2 = 3A + 2B and 2 = 2A – 3B
 10 2
 A = B = −
13 13
2sin x + 2cos x 10 12 dt
 =   13  t
 = dx –
3cos x + 2sin x 13
10 2
= (x) – ln |(3 cos x + 2 sin x)| + C
13 13
1
(iv)  =  dx
2 tan x / 2 1 − tan2 x / 2
1+ +
1 + tan2 x / 2 1 + tan2 x / 2
sec 2 ( x / 2 ) 1
=  dx put tan x/2 = t  sec 2 (x/2) dx = dt
2 + 2 tan x / 2 2
dt x
 =  = n |t + 1| + C = n 1 + tan +C
t +1 2
dx sec 2 x
(v) =  2 + sin2 x =  2sec 2 x + tan2 x dx put tanx = t sec2 x dx = dt

dt 1 dt 1 3 −1  t  1  3 tan x 
 3t =  2 −1
= = tan   + C = tan  +C
+2 3 t + ( 2 / 3)2 2 
2
3 2  2/3  6 
cos ec 2 x.sin x cos ec 2 x dx
(vi) =  (sin x − cos x) dx =  (1 − cot x) put 1 – cot x = t  cosec2 x dx = dt

  = n |t| + C = n |(1 – cot x)| + C

sin x 4
(1 − cos2 x)2 1 + cos4 x − 2cos2 x
(vii)  cos 2
x
dx =  2
cos x
dx = 
cos2 x
dx

 1 + cos2x  1 3
=   sec 2 x + − 2  dx =  sec 2 x dx +  cos2x dx −  dx
 2  2 2
1 3
= tan x + sin2x − x + C
4 2

(sin x + cos x)dx (sin x + cos x)dx

2. (i)  9 − 16((sin x − cos x) 2
− 1)
=  25 − 16(sin x − cos x) 2

dt
=  25 − 16t 2
{by putting sinx – cosx = t}

1  4t + 5 
n
dt 10  4t − 5  1  4(sin x − cos x) + 5 
=  = +C = n +C
25 − (4t)2
4 40  4(sin x + cos x) − 5 
 cos x − sin x   cos x − sin x   cos x − sin x 
(ii)   8 − sin2x 
  dx =   8 − [(sin x + cos x)2 − 1] 
  dx =   9 − [(sin x + cos x)2 ]  dx

   
dt t  sin x + cos x 
= + C {sinx + cosx = t} = sin–1   + C = sin–1   +C
3 −t
2 2
 
3  3 

1
=   (tan x)
–11/ 2
3. dx = sec 4 xdx
11
(tan x) (cos8 x)

 (tan x) (1 + tan x)sec

−11/ 2 2 2
= xdx put tanx = t sec2 xdx = dt
 =  (t −11/ 2
+ t ) dt −7 / 2

−2 −9 / 2 −2 −5 / 2 −2 −2 1 1
= t + t +C = (tan x)−9 / 2 + (tan x)−5 / 2 + C  A= ,B=
9 5 9 5 9 5

cos 2x dx cos2 x − sin2 x

4. =  (sin x + cos x)2 =  (sin x + cos x)2 dx
cos x − sin x
=  sin x + cos x dx Put sin x + cos x = t  (cos x – sin x) dx = dt
 dt
 =  t
= n |t| + C = n|sin x + cos x| + C

sin x sin(x +  ) + cos x cos(x + ) cos(x +  − x)

5.  (1 + tan x tan(x + )) dx =  =  cos x dx
cos x cos(x + ) cos(x + )
sin(x +  − x)  sin(x + ) cos x cos(x + ) sin x 
= cot   cos x
cos(x + )
dx = cot   
 cos x cos(x +  )
−
cos x cos(x +  )
dx 

 
= cot    tan(x +  ) dx −  tan x dx  = cot  [ n | sec(x + ) | − n | sec x |]
cos x  sec(x + ) 
= cot  n + C = cot  n   +C
cos(x + )  sec x 

1 − cos x
6. =  sec x − 1 dx =  cos x + 1 − 1
dx

x
2 sin dx
x x

= 2 put 2 cos = t  sin dx = – 2 dt
 x
2 2 2
 2 cos 2  − 1
 

 =–2 
dt
t −1
2
(
= – 2n t + t 2 − 1 )
 x x  1  x 2 x 1
–2n  2 cos + 2cos2 − 1 + C1 = –2 × n 2 – 2 n  cos + cos −  + C1
 2 2  2  2 2 2 
 x x 1
= –2 n  cos + cos2 −  + C
 2 2 2

dx
7. =  cos 3
x sin2x
sec 2 x.sec 2 x dx
=  2 tan x
put tan x = t  sec2x dx = dt

1 1 + t2 1  − 21 32   1 
 =  dt =  t + t  dt = 2  tan x + (tan x)5 / 2  + C
 5 
2 t 2  

sin2 x + 1 − 1
8. =  1 + sin2 x dx =  1 dx –
1
 1 + sin2 x dx = x –
sec 2 x 2
 1 + 2 tan2 x dx = x – 2 tan–1 ( 2 tan x ) +C

1 sin xdx
9. Let =  1 − cot x dx =  sin x − cos x
Let sinx  A(cosx + sinx) + B(sinx – cosx)
1
A=
A + B = 1 2
then  
A − B = 0 1
B=
2
1 1
(cos x + sin x) + (sin x − cos x)
1 cos x + sin x 1
= 2  2
(sin x − cos x)
dx =
2 sin x − cos x
dx +
2
dx + C  
1 1
= log | sin x − cos x | + x + C
2 2

cos x 2cos x (cos x + sin x) + (cos x − sin x)

10. I=  1 + sin x cos x dx =  2 + 2sin x cos x =  2 + sin2x
d(sin x − cos x) d(sin x + cos x)
=  2 + (1 − (sin x − cos x)) 2
+ 
2 + ((sin x + cos x)2 − 1)
 du dv
= ( 3) − u 2 2
+
1+ v2
[where u = sinx – cosx, v = sinx + cosx]

1 3 +u
= log + tan−1 v + C
2 3 3 −u

Section (F) : Reduction formulae

−n x x2
1. n =  1.(x2 + a2 ) dx  n = + 2n (x2 + a2 )n+1 dx
(x2 + a2 )n
x ((x2 + a2 ) − a2 ) x
 n =
(x2 + a2 )n
+ 2n  (x2 + a2 )n+1 dx  n =
(x + a2 )n
2
+ 2nn – 2a2n n+1

x (2n − 3)n −1 x
 2a2n n+1 = (2n – 1)In +  n = + 2
(x + a2 )n
2
2a (n − 1) 2a (n − 1)(x 2 + a2 )n −1
2

−2 n 2n n −1
 x (a − x) 3 
2. In = n 1/ 2
dx  n = x (a − x)3 / 2 + x (a − x)3 / 2 dx
3
−2 n 2n n−1
3 
 n = x (a − x)3 / 2 + x (a − x)(a − x)1/ 2 dx
3
−2 n 2an n−1 2n
3   x (a − x)
 n = x (a − x)3 / 2 + x (a − x)1/ 2 dx − n 1/ 2
dx
3 3
2n −2 n 2an 2an 2x n (a − x)3 / 2
 n + n = x (a – x)3/2 + n–1  n = n–1 –
3 3 3 2n + 3 2n + 3

 1  ex  1   ex  −ex 1
n = e  dx = (1 − n)xn−1 −   1 − n   xn−1  dx = (n − 1)xn−1 + n − 1 n–1
x
3.  xn
    

– cotn–1 x
4. n =  cotn x dx =  cot x(cosec x – 1) dx =
n–2 2
– n – 2 + C1
n –1
– cotn–1 x
 n + n – 2 = + C1
n –1
Now, 0 + 1 + 2 (2 + .....+ 8) + 9 + 10
= (2 + 0) + (3 + 1) + (4 + 2) + (5 + 3) + (6 + 4) + (7 + 5) + (8 + 6) + (9 + 7) + (10 + 8)
 cot x cot 2 x cot 9 x 
=–  + + ..... +  +C
 1 2 9 
 A = – 1.

Section (G) : Match the column

x + sin x  1 x x
1. (A) F(x) =  1 + cos x dx =   x 2
sec 2
2
+ tan  dx = x tan x/2 + C
2
Since 0 = F(0)  C = 0 and F(/2) = /2
 x 
F(x) =  esin x  1 −
−1
(B)  dx
 1 − x2 
 1 −x  dx
=  esin x 
−1
1 − x2 +  dx put sin–1x = t  dt
 1− x
2
1 − x2  1 − x2
 F(x) = e
t
( 1 − sin2 t − sint ) dt = e cos t + C = e
t sin−1 x
1 − x2 + C

 1 = F(0)  C=0
3 k 3 /6 
Hence, F(1/2) = e/6. = e (given)  k=
2  2
dx 1  1 1  1  1 1 
F(x) =  2
(x + 1) (x + 9) 8  x + 1 x + 9  8   x 2 + 1 x 2 + 9 
(C) 2
=  2
− 2 =  −  dx =

1  −1 1 x
 tan x − tan−1  + C
8  3 3
 1  1  5 5k 
0 = F(0) = C   − .  = =  k=
8 3 3 6 144 36 4
−1
tan x
(D) F(x) =  sin x cos x
dx =  (tan x) 2
sec2 x dx = 2 tan x + C

2k
 0 = F(0)  C=0  F(/4) = 2 =  k=


u
2. (A) v = 0  a = b, Also a + b = u  a =
2
1 dx 2 dx 2 1 x 2 x
Now,  =  1 + cos x   2 sec
2
= = dx = tan +C
a u x u 2 u 2
2cos 2
2
(B) v > 0  a > b
x
sec 2 dx
dx dx
Now,  = 
a + bcos x
=  x
= 2
x
(a − b) + 2b cos 2 (a + b) + (a − b) tan2
2 2
x 1 x
put tan =t sec2 dx = dt
2 2 2
2 dt 2 dt
=  =  ...(1)
(a + b) + (a − b) + t 2 a−b  a+b
t2 +  
a−b
2 a−b  a−b  2  v x
= 
tan–1 t + C =
 tan–1  tan  + C
a−b a+b  a+b  u  u 2 
(C) v < 0  a – b < 0  b – a > 0
2 dt
Now I = 
b − a a + b − t2
(using equation (1) of part (B))

b−a
b+a x
+t u + −v tan
2 1 b−a b−a 1 2
= ln +C = ln +C
b−a 2 b+a b+a −uv x
−t u − −v tan
b−a 2