Karuna Medical College First MBBS 2024-25 Batch

First Internal Examination.: Physiology (14/12/2024)

Time: 3Hrs
1. Multiple choice questions (20 x 1•20 marks) Max Marks: 100
Question numbers (1-v) are case scenario based questions:
A 16 year old boy had continuous oozing of blood followlns
tooth extraction for caries. His lab report showed
prolonged clotting tip,e. Answer the following:
i. Which clotting factors are vitamin K dependent?
• a. Factors 2,7,9,10 b. Factors 5,8,10,12 c. Factors 2,3,S,7 d. Factors 6,9,11,12
ii. Which is the first and Immediate event In hemostasls?
,ta. Platelet adhesion b. Platelet activation •c. Vasoconstrlctlo
n d. Temporary clot formation
iii. Which of the following tests detect the extrinsic pathway defect?
a. APTT b. PT • • c. D Dimer -~. Thrombin time
iv. Which clotting factor Is deficle,it In Hemophilia '8? ·
a. •Factor 9 b. Factor 8 -c. Factor 10 d. Factor 11 .
v. Which of the following is both narural and' In vitro anticoagulant?
a. Protein t r • '. 1 • 1b. Arpha·2·Macrogldbulln·- ' .c. Heparin d. Antlthrombln 3
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Each question• (vi-x) consists of two statements -Assertion

(A)and Reason(R). Choose the most appropriate answer
from the· options 11v1n below. , ,. · • : J, • •
a. Both A and R are correct and R 1s the re;1son for A •
b. Both A:and ~ are.co~rec~ but R is NOT reason for A
c. A is .correct R is incorrect .
,·. . ... ,
d. A is incorrect R is correct
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vi. Asse~i~n: Adaptability of the smooth muscle to the new length
is cal.\~d giasti~ity ..
Reason: Troponin js absent in the smooth muscle T ®
vii. AS!:-~rtion; H ~ntigen a~d: N,-acetylgalact~samine forms the B
• :
antigen in ABO system ~
' . ,' : I, ' I.
Reas~n: A_,glutin?~en~ ar~ presei:,~ ~n fhe r~d celi memb~a~e
.~
viii. Assei:tion: Cardiac.muscle ~annot be tetanized .
Reaso~: Cardiac muscl~ h~s.long ~~f~~ctory period \
ix. Assenic:,n: ln1myel_i.~afJ1d ~~(?B ~.ctio.n p~~e~~al•_is .generated
at eae::_h nc;>de. of.Ra~vie~
:Reason: Nerve fl.~~~~·¥.Jlth larger diameter'have 'faster rate of
conduction 1c
x. Assertion: 'Tight junctiohs are typic'ally located toward the apical
region of the cells·
Reaso~: The blood brain. barrier'is to the tight 'junctions in the brain ·due
~
Question numbers (xi-xv) ar~'mu.ltlple response type questio
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ns. Read·the statements and mark the answers
appro pri~~ ~ C\,N"AC~ ~ • '.o(loi, (I~·. a{~
~~...j, w~ ~ tA~vi.d ri.C ~a.ch 'tm?
xi. The foUowing are the features of isoo,etric contraction in a
skeletal muscle EXCEPT 0

1. Contraction occurs withou t shortening of, the muscle

i-
2. Tensiq_~ Is greater: •• , • •
3. Cor:1tractlo11 of arm:muscles while trying,to push the wall
is an example
4. External w0rk Is done . ,
a, • 1,.2,ctnd.3,.:J:.2,,3 ~nd 4 1 \ c.:·1, 3 and 4 d. 1, 2 and 4 ...
xii. All true atx>ut WB.($.~(EPT W~ :'¥'V'O ~ (iU.$.. ht.re 7
1. Natur.al killer cells,need MHC.to k;II an,organlsm .,
"
2. Monocyte~ get conyerted tis,sue macrpphages' ·, . '
3. Dentritic cell ls;an Antigen presenttng ~ell ' ' ' • I " • I

4. Neutrophils have multllobed nuc.leus

~ 2, 3_.and.4 ~-.1, 3.and. 4.. ~- 1, 2 and 4y.
xiii. The f~llofin g a,re true a~ut th:e.p.ropert.!~s of ca.r~la~ ~~scle
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1. Cardiac muscle Is a functional syncltluin
2. Cardiac muscle ·doesn't follow ~II or non,. r~.sp~nse
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3. Staircase phenomenon Is due to beneficial effect
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4. Preload increases the Initial length of the rr:i~scle fiber
1
~. 1, 2and 3 b .. 2, 3a~d 4 C. 1; 3 ~nd 4 d. i, 2 and 4
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xiv. Gene:~ls a~d. ~ al~t~n an~~ .of R~P a~e ru.~ to

1 1
.
1. Differentia_l permeability of plasma membrane to Ions
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2. Differential distribution of ions across the plasma membrane
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3. Fluidity of the plas'ma membrane
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4. Sodium'- potassium pump
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-4-: 1, 2 and ~ b. 2, 3 ·and ~ t'i' 1, 3 a11d 4 • d. 1, 2 and 4
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~- Apoptosis plays a major role In

1. Regression.of wolfflan duct or Mullerlan duct during fetal life
2. Removal of webs between the flnsers during fetal development
3. Development of autoimmune diseases
4. Regression of Incompletely developed Grafflan folflcles '.,I '•

a. 1, 2 and 3 b. 2~ 3 and 4 c. 1, 3 and 4 • d. 1, 2 and 4

1estlon numbers (xvi-xx) are single response type quHtlons

xvi. The oncotic pressure of plasma is contributed mainly by
d. Albumin b. Fibrinogen c Prothrombln d. lmmunoglobulin
XVI i. In ~oth muscle, excitation contraction coupling Is triggered by binding of Ca 2• with
a. Troponin ~almodulin c. Tropomyosln. J.
d. actln
)(V ni. At the resting ,length of tlie 1skeletal muscle, which of the following Is maximum
,a. Total tension
I I. I b. Passive tens'lon ·c::Restfn[ftenslon d. Active tension
I~ ECFvolume:is'measur~·d:using· ' I, : ., I~!' 1
a. •nulin: ,' • 11 • • b. /\minopyrine • • c. Deuterium oxide d. Tritium oxide
X. Myastheriia gravis;is chatacterized·by all ~CEPT. .·'
1
a. Ptosis • .. 6; Dysphagia : :1 c: Dyslexia.· d. Oiplopia
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gessays(10~~-=20~a~~)<r' ;: . ;1.1:•··--. ,...... _ .: . : , . : . • . j·.·, ::. : .. •. • ·.i

2. A 4S year old ' mare presented with weakness and easy fatigability: He is a .vegetarian and does not eat even eggs.
f ' ' ,, f ' ' '• ,, , ,. • ·1,,t. ., '

On examination- Pallor+,·Pulse-100/min, BP-li0/70mmHg. His hemoglobin was checked and it was l0g/dL.
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His peripheral smear was showing macrocytic normochromic JJicture. (1+4-t:5 = 10) •,.
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a. ~hat cou_ld _h1 !~ff~ri~ ~~omf ,.(l ~~rk).· . • • . •
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b. Wha~ are the cli~ic~! f~~~~,re s and treatm_~nt ~o,r the above c~nditio.n~ (4 ~arks)
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c. Explain the factors affecting erythropoiesis. (S marks)
Enlist the properti.es of nerve. Write ·jn•detail about any TWO. Draw and label an action potential of a nerve and
write its ionic basis in detail. (2+3+5=10)

rt essays (6x6=36 marks)

4. Exp:c;;in the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction.

(6) :;:~~;:::~:::: :;,~:=~~~:~;~~::~:~\::::•:~•::ith TWO

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~•ampies. .
ft) Explain wallerian df:generati<?n with relevant d\a$ra·,:ns. Explain th_e _different types of neuromuscular blockers.
. . • . I. • , ,·, I • .

(3+~) • •• ~ . '' '. : • "' I ' : r I',; I\ ' •

'- What are ~h~. t~pe~.~f tr~r~po1, ~e~h~n~sm,? E~P,l~l~ s~c~~dary ~ctiY,~ _tr,nsport with relevant examples.
~,~tare t he.hazards 9~;r1sn:1,a~~-~e.d :b,loo1d ~r.~~sfusion?
1

Reticuloe~dotheli~I sy$te~ (3+3) .. , . .. . . .....

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\)Jut,e briefly (4x6~24 ~arks)
'J)~ •~ labeJ: ... , . ·, :I• ...
LO. Soc:llum -~~~si.um_ p~~~-:. . . , . : , . . : , ~ . ',• ..
ll. Strength duratlol'l' ,:urve. 1
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l2. Ventricular action poientl~I. ', ' .. .- ,, , -
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~te the phvsloto~I~! ,ba~ls_ ro~:- I •. I' I

.3. Why bloo,j does not clot in circulation?

1mm1,molo,ical toleranc~ .. , . , .
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Mya~thenla gravls. . ..
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