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Class 4 Roman Numbers

Roman numerals are a numerical system used by the Romans, consisting of seven basic symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D, and M. The document outlines the rules for forming Roman numerals, including addition and subtraction principles, and provides examples for converting between Roman and Hindu-Arabic numerals. Roman numerals are still used today in various contexts such as clocks, classroom names, and copyright dates.

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81 views5 pages

Class 4 Roman Numbers

Roman numerals are a numerical system used by the Romans, consisting of seven basic symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D, and M. The document outlines the rules for forming Roman numerals, including addition and subtraction principles, and provides examples for converting between Roman and Hindu-Arabic numerals. Roman numerals are still used today in various contexts such as clocks, classroom names, and copyright dates.

Uploaded by

aryanka3116
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Roman Numerals

What are Roman Numerals?


Roman Numerals was a system that was the way that the Roman's would write
different numbers. Instead of using numbers.

• The Hindu-Arabic numeration system uses 10 digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,


and 9 to write any other numeral.
• The Romans had seven basic symbols to write any number. These seven
symbols are I, V, X, L, C, D, and M.

Basic Roman NumeralsThe Roman numerals with their corresponding Hindu-


Arabic numerals are as follows:

• These basic Roman symbols are combined in a specific manner to form


other Roman numerals.
• Roman numerals are used in some analogue clocks and watches, to name
the classrooms in the schools, for the copyright date on films programmes,
etc.
One to Twelve Roman Numbers written on a watch.

Rules for Forming Roman Numerals


The following rules are used to write the numbers in the Roman system.

Rule Number 1
When a Roman numeral is repeated more than once, we add its value each time
to get the number.
Examples:

• II = 1 + 1 = 2,
• XX = 10 + 10 = 20,
• XXX = 10 + 10 + 10 = 30

Tips:

• The same symbol is not repeated more than 3 times together.


• The symbols V, L and D are never repeated.
• There is no symbol for zero in the Roman system.
• Symbols I, X and V are used to write Roman numerals up to 39.
Rule Number 2
When a smaller Roman numeral is written to the right of a greater Roman
numeral, the value of the greater numeral is added to the smaller numeral.
Examples:

• VI = 5 + 1 = 6,
• XII = 10 + 1 + 1 = 12,
• XXXVI = 10 + 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 = 36
Rule Number 3
When a smaller Roman numeral is written to the left of a greater Roman
numeral, it is always subtracted from the value of the greater numeral.
Examples:

• IV = 5 – 1 = 4,
• IX = 10 – 1 = 9

Tips:

• Symbol I can be subtracted only once.


• The symbols V, L and D are never subtracted.

Rule Number 4
When a smaller Roman numeral is placed between two greater Roman numerals,
then its value is subtracted from the value of the greater numeral on its right.
Examples:

• XIX = 10 + (10 – 1) = 10 + 9 = 19
• XXIV = 10 + 10 + (5 – 1) = 20 + 4 = 24
Example 1: Write the following in Hindu-Arabic numerals.
(a) XII
(b) VII
(c) XV
(d) XIV
(a) XII = 10 + 1 + 1 = 12
(b) VII = 5 + 1 + 1 = 7
(c) XV = 10 + 5 = 15
(d) XIV = 10 + (5 – 1) = 14

Example 2: Write the following in Roman numerals.


(a) 37
(b) 16
(c) 28
(d) 34
(a) 37 = 30 + 7 = X + X + X + V + I + I = XXXVII
(b) 16 = 10 + 6 = X + V + I = XVI
(c) 28 = 20 + 8 = X + X + V + I + I + I = XXVIII
(d) 34 = 30 + 4 = X + X + X + IV = XXXIV

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