Condition monitoring
Agitators and Mixers questions,
Compressors questions , Pumps
questions, Turbines, Fans and Blowers, Oil
Analysis, Diagnose Vibration Data, Rotating
Equipment Condition Diagnosis
Condition monitoring
Agitators and Mixers questions
1.A spike at 1x radial indicates which fault?
Rolling element bearing faults.
Rotating imbalance caused by rotor, or coupler damage.
Bad bearing fit in housing.
2. Which concern causes vibrations at one or two times the main
frequency?
Misalignments.
Bearing wear.
Stator asymmetry
3. With agitators and mixers, what is typically monitored to aid early
detection of faults?
Power draw.
Temperature fluctuations.
Vibration frequency.
4.In which flow is the fluid flow drawn from above and below the
mixer and discharged perpendicular to the mixer shaft toward the
wall?
Axial flow.
Radial flow.
Condition monitoring
Compressors questions
1.What change may indicate an impending blade failure on an axial
compressor?
An increase in blade passing frequency..
A change in baseline acceleration data.
A decrease in rotational frequency.
2.The rod reversal should last for 10º of the cycle and be at least ___
% of the combined load.
7%
3.How many accelerometers are recommended for each screw
compressor?
Four.
Two.
One.
Three.
4.Which sensors for centrifugal compressors are not permanently
installed as normal practice?
Axial position probes.
Radial vibration probes.
Journal bearing temperature sensors.
Casing or bearing housing accelerometer
5.Which concern causes vibrations at one or two times the main
frequency?
Stator asymmetry.
Misalignments.
Bearing wear.
6.What is diagnosed by comparing the vibration spectra with
pulsation spectra and the piping's mechanical natural frequencies
(MNFs) and looking for peaks with coincident frequencies.
Foundation and grout deterioration.
Piping and vessel vibration.
Valve condition.
Rod reversal.
7.With pumps, what is typically monitored to aid early detection of
faults?
Vibration frequency.
Temperature fluctuations.
Power draw.
Condition monitoring
Pumps questions
1, Which concern causes vibrations at
one or two times the main frequency?
Bearing wear.
Stator asymmetry.
Misalignments
2. Which of the following facets of
the piping system influence the
pulsation characteristics?
Complexity of the system layout.
System operational conditions.
Pipe number, type and size.
Liquid properties.
All of the above.
3. A pressure rise across the pump
is a symptom of which concern
Bad bearing fit in housing.
Cavitation.
Pump internal wear.
4. Which standard specifies the
maximum allowable vibration
levels for centrifugal pumps?
API 610.
API 674.
API 856.
5.Which standard dictates the
maximum allowable vibration levels
for overhung, between bearings,
vertically suspended, vertical inline
and high speed geared pumps?
API 674.
API 610.
API 685.
Condition Monitoring –
Turbines, Fans and Blowers
Vibration limits at or above 14.7 mm/s (RMS) are allowed in which zone?
ans: D
2)In rotating equipment, what is typically monitored to aid early
detection of faults?
Power draw.
Vibration frequency.
Temperature fluctuations.
3) According to the standard, the acceptance criteria during
commissioning is the RMS measurement is broadband vibration over a
frequency range from 10 Hz to at least 500 Hz or ___ times the
maximum normal operating speed, whichever is greater.
ANS : 6
4]What may be caused by either excessive temperatures or an abrupt
quenching condition?
Unbalance.
Rubbing.
Thermal bow.
Fixed rotor bows.
5]What is typically diagnosed by its unusual vibration frequency at about
40-48% of shaft RPM?
Steam admission problems.
Unbalance.
Oil whirl.
6] Match each term with its definition.
A. Axial readings are in phase and steady. Radial phase readings are
unsteady.
B. Force unbalance is in-phase and steady and the amplitude of the
unbalance increases by the square of the speed.
C. Ductwork vibrate and there is a "howling" sound.
D. High axial vibration with axial phase differences tending towards 180°
on the same rotor.
E. The peak at 2x belt speed exceeds the peak at 1x belt speed.
F.Peaks with harmonics at nonsynchrouns frequencies.
ANS
Unbalance of center-hung fan wheel: B select
Fan stall: C select
Belt wear: E select
Fan bearing problems: F select
Unbalance in overhung fan rotating parts: A select
Fan bent shaft: D select
7] A direct drive overhung fan has a radial vibration spectra showing 2X
rpm higher than 1X and a 3X higher than normal. What is the most
probable cause?
Fan shaft misalignment.
Fan bearing problems.
Fan shaft bent.
8} rotating equipment, what is typically monitored to aid early detection
of faults?
Temperature fluctuations.
Power draw.
Vibration frequency.
9}According to the standard, the acceptance criteria during
commissioning is the RMS measurement is broadband vibration over a
frequency range from 10 Hz to at least 500 Hz or ___ times the
maximum normal operating speed, whichever is greater.
ANS: 6
10)A direct drive overhung fan has a radial vibration spectra showing 2X
rpm higher than 1X and a 3X higher than normal. What is the most
probable cause?
Fan shaft misalignment.
Fan shaft bent.
Fan bearing problems.
11}Which concern causes vibrations at one or two times the main
frequency?
Stator asymmetry.
Misalignments.
Bearing wear.
Condition monitoring
Rotating Equipment Condition Diagnosis
1]Vibration amplitude may be expressed in what ways?
(Choose all that apply.)
Frequency.
Velocity.
Displacement.
Acceleration.
2]Vibration amplitude is measured using three different parameters, acceleration,
velocity and displacement.
Which measurement would you used if the frequency is 800 Hz?
Velocity.
Displacement.
Acceleration.
3]If the ground loops dominate the signal, how is the shield wire
installed?
With one end connected to ground.
With the end closest to the engine connected to ground.
With both ends connected to ground.
4]out of balance MOTOR RUNNING 1600 REV/MIN in a single spike at a
frequency domain visible at _____cycle/minute
1600
Velocity is greatest at Point:
A. answer is A
B.
C.
B and C.
5]The FFT spectrum analyzer computes the frequency spectrum of what
input?
Weighted sum of sines and cosines.
Time varying signal.
Analog filter.
Frequency.
6]If the bin resolution is 2.5 Hz, what is the lowest value shown on the
spectrum?
5 Hz.
2.56.
DC.
0.
7]What kind of modern accelerometer is most common?
Compression mode.
Shear mode.
8]If the data sampling rate is 2560 and the number of lines is 600, which
equation can be used to calculate the bin resolution?
(2560-600)/2.56.
(2560/2.56) / (600/2.56).
(2560/2.56) - (600/2.56).
(600/2.56) / (2560/2.56).
9]Which measurement could you used if the frequency is 25 Hz?
(Choose all that apply.)
Acceleration.
Displacement.
Velocity.
10]Fourier's theorem states that any waveform in the time domain can
be represented by what?
Frequency data.
A continuous analog signal.
The weighted sum of sines and cosines.
11]If the data sampling rate is 2560 and the number of lines is 600,
which equation can be used to calculate the bin resolution?
(2560/2.56) - (600/2.56).
(600/2.56) / (2560/2.56).
(2560-600)/2.56.
(2560/2.56) / (600/2.56).
Condition monitoring
Diagnose Vibration Data
1]What is the bearing status if the demodulation/enveloping levels show
20 dB at the defect frequency and sidebands, and the velocity at the
bearing defect frequency is > 0.01 in/sec?
There is severe bearing damage.
The bearing has significant damage.
The bearing is running dry.
The bearing is in good condition.
2] Bevel gears are best monitored in what direction?
Radial direction.
Axial direction.
3]What kind of vibration could generate the spectrum shown here?
Looseness.
MIsalignment.
Imbalance.
4]What kind of vibration could generate the spectrum shown here?
Looseness.
Misalignement.
Imbalance.
5]What kind of defect generates a waveform with the distance in time
between impact events corresponding to the RPM of the gear?
Gear teeth problems.
Rolling element bearing defect.
6]What can be used to diagnose the type of damage to a bearing?
Ball diameter.
Velocity.
Frequency.
7]During which process is the signal rectified and then passed through a
smoothing resistance-capacitive (RC) circuit?
Enveloping.
Fast fourier transform (FFT).
Demodulation.
8]Match terms with its definition.
A] Results in frequencies of between 1 to 4 kHz and between 30 to 50
kHz. A FIRST STAGE
B] Results in modulated resonant frequencies and ultrasonic
frequencies. B SECOnd
C]Results in velocity vibration at the defect frequencies and harmonics
, and possibly sidebands of run speed and/or cage frequency.
C THIRD
9}What bearing failure stage is indicated by resonant frequencies in the
range of 1 to 4 kHz and ultrasonic frequencies between 30 to 50 kHz?
Fourth stage.
Third stage.
First stage.
Second stage.
10]Which stage in the Peak-Vue analysis passes the signal through a
filter which removes all frequencies below 1 kHz?
FFT.
Demodulation.
Enveloping.
11]During which process is the signal rectified and then passed through
a smoothing resistance-capacitive (RC) circuit?
Enveloping.
Demodulation.
Fast fourier transform (FFT).
12]Bevel gears are best monitored in what direction?
Radial direction.
Axial direction.
13]If the spectrum shows bearing defect frequencies with sidebands of
cage frequency what kind of problem is probable?
Defect on the inner race.
False brinnelling.
Looseness.
14]What kind of defect generates a waveform with the distance in time
between impact events corresponding to the RPM of the gear?
Rolling element bearing defect.
Gear teeth problems.
15]Which kind of gears are best measured in the axial direction?
(Choose all that apply.)
Herringbone gears.
Spur gears.
Bevel gears.
Helical gears.
Three answers
Condition monitoring
Oil Analysis
QUESTIONS
1]What is used to indirectly quantify water content if the amount of
water present in an oil sample is below the saturation point?
Saturation meter.
FTIR analysis.
Karl Fischer method.
2]In which method is the oil sample heated under a vacuum and any
water vapors condensed and dissolved into toluene?
Karl Fischer method.
FTIR analysis.
Dean and Stark method.
Calcium hydride test.
