#

Series : GEF1H SET ~ 3

-
Roll No. Q.P. Code 32/1/3
- -
-
Candidates must write the Q.P. Code
on the title page of the answer-book.

SOCIAL SCIENCE
3 80
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80

/ NOTE #
(I) - 25 + 1
Please check that this question paper contains 25 printed pages +1 Map.
(II) - - - -

Q.P. Code given on the right hand side of the question paper should be
written on the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
(III) - 37
Please check that this question paper contains 37 questions.
(IV) , -
Please write down the Serial Number of the question in the
answer-book at the given place before attempting it.
(V) - 15 -
10.15 10.15 10.30 -
-
15 minute time has been allotted to read this question paper. The
question paper will be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to
10.30 a.m., the candidates will read the question paper only and will not
write any answer on the answer-book during this period.

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(i) - 37
(ii) - , , , ,
(iii) 1 20 1
(iv) 21 24 - 2
40
(v) 25 29 - 3
60
(vi) 30 33 - 5
120
(vii) 34 36 - -
4
(viii) 37 - 37
(2 37 3 5
(ix) ,

$
(20 1=20)

1.
: 1

1. 130
2. 148
3. 149
4. 150

- ?
(A) (B)
(C) (D)

32/1/3 Page 2 of 27
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General Instructions :
Read the following instructions carefully and follow them :
(i) This question paper contains 37 questions. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Question paper is divided into six sections Section A, B, C, D, E
and F.
(iii) Section A Questions no. 1 to 20 are Multiple Choice type questions. Each
question carries 1 mark.
(iv) Section B Questions no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer type questions.
Each question carries 2 marks. Answer to these questions should not exceed
40 words.
(v) Section C Questions no. 25 to 29 are Short Answer type questions. Each
question carries 3 marks. Answer to these questions should not exceed
60 words.
(vi) Section D Questions no. 30 to 33 are Long Answer (LA) type questions. Each
question carries 5 marks. Answer to these questions should not exceed
120 words.
(vii) Section E Questions no. 34 to 36 are Case/Source-based questions with three
sub-questions. Each question carries 4 marks.
(viii) Section F Question no. 37 is Map skill-based question with two parts
37(a) from History (2 marks) and 37(b) from Geography (3 marks). This
question carries total 5 marks.
(ix) In addition to this, NOTE that a separate question has been provided for
Visually Impaired candidates in lieu of questions having visual inputs,
map etc. Such questions are to be attempted by Visually Impaired candidates
only.
SECTION A
(Multiple Choice Questions) (20 1=20)

1. World
and answer the questions given below : 1
S. No. Country HDI Rank in the world
1. India 130
2. Myanmar 148
3. Nepal 149
4. Pakistan 150
Amongst the given countries, which one of the following countries has the

(A) Pakistan (B) India

(C) Nepal (D) Myanmar

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2. - ? : 1
I.
II.
III.
IV.

(A) I, II III
(B) II, III IV
(C) I, III IV
(D) I, II IV

3. 1

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

4.
? 1
(A) (B)
(C) (D)

5. I II : 1
I II
( ) ( )
a. i.
b. ii.
c. iii.
d. iv.

(A) a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii (B) a-iii, b-i, c-ii, d-iv
(C) a-ii, b-iii, c-i, d-iv (D) a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i

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2. Which of the following are the main components of a political party ?
Choose the correct option : 1
I. Leaders
II. Active members
III. Followers
IV. Pressure groups
Options :
(A) Only I, II and III are correct.
(B) Only II, III and IV are correct.
(C) Only I, III and IV are correct.
(D) Only I, II and IV are correct.

3. Choose the correctly matched pair from the following : 1

(Country) (System)
(A) Canada Unitary
(B) Bolivia Federal
(C) Australia Unitary
(D) Spain Federal

4. Belgium solved its problem of majoritarianism by strengthening which of

the following types of government ? 1
(A) Unitary (B) Presidential
(C) Federal (D) Parliamentary

5. Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct option : 1

Column I Column II
(Minerals) (Major Mines)
a. Iron ore i. Gaya
b. Mica ii. Singarauli
c. Bauxite iii. Chandrapur
d. Coal iv. Maikala
Options :
(A) a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii (B) a-iii, b-i, c-ii, d-iv
(C) a-ii, b-iii, c-i, d-iv (D) a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i

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6. - 1866 ? 1

(A) -
(B)

(C)

(D)

7.
: 1
I.

II. -
III.

IV.

(A) I, II III

(B) II, III IV

(C) I, III IV

(D) I, II IV

8. 1

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

32/1/3 Page 6 of 27
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6. Which one of the following regions became a part of unified Italy in

1866 ? 1
(A) Sardinia-Piedmont
(B) Venetia
(C) Sicily
(D) Papal State

7. Read the following reasons of migration of people from Europe to America

till the 19th century and choose the correct option : 1

I. Poverty and hunger

II. Slaves for sale

III. Wide spread of diseases

IV. Religious conflicts and persecution

Options :

(A) Only I, II and III are correct.

(B) Only II, III and IV are correct.

(C) Only I, III and IV are correct.

(D) Only I, II and IV are correct.

8. The author of is : 1

(A) Marco Polo

(B) Columbus

(C) Vasco da Gama

(D) Alfred Crosby

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9. 15 -
? 1

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

10.
: 1

I.

II.

III.

(A) III, II, I

(B) I, II, III

(C) II, III, I

(D) III, I, II

11. ? 1

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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9. Assume you are doing research on 15th century print culture. Which of
the following would be the most significant advantage for your research ? 1

(A) Easier access to rare manuscripts

(B) Reduced need for libraries

(C) Increase in the ability to copy text by hand

(D) Increased speed and accuracy of print

10. Arrange the following categories of forests in India from the largest to the
smallest in terms of area and choose the correct option : 1

I. Reserved

II. Protected

III. Unclassed

Options :

(A) III, II, I

(B) I, II, III

(C) II, III, I

(D) III, I, II

11. 1

(A) Madhya Pradesh

(B) Rajasthan

(C) Uttar Pradesh

(D) Maharashtra

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12. I II : 1
I II
( ) ( )
a. i.
b. ii.
c. iii.
d. iv.

(A) a-iv, b-i, c-iii, d-ii

(B) a-i, b-ii, c-iv, d-iii
(C) a-iv, b-i, c-ii, d-iii
(D) a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv

13. : 1

(A) ,
(B) ,
(C) ,
(D) ,

14.

- ? 1

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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12. Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct option : 1
Column I Column II
(Dam) (River)
a. Hirakud i. Chambal
b. Gandhi Sagar ii. Krishna
c. Nagarjuna Sagar iii. Kaveri
d. Mettur iv. Mahanadi
Options :
(A) a-iv, b-i, c-iii, d-ii
(B) a-i, b-ii, c-iv, d-iii
(C) a-iv, b-i, c-ii, d-iii
(D) a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv

13. Choose the correct option regarding major states involved in the
Krishna Godavari issue : 1

(A) Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu

(B) Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh

(C) Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh

(D) Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh and Odisha

14. Imagine you are travelling from Delhi to Chandigarh to attend a

wedding, by road in January. Which of the following crops will you notice
prominently in the fields during the journey ? 1

(A) Paddy

(B) Maize
(C) Wheat

(D) Jowar

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15. (A) (R)

: 1
(A) :
(R) :

(A) (A) (R) (R), (A)

(B) (A) (R) , (R), (A)
(C) (A) , (R)
(D) (A) , (R)

16. I II
: 1
I:

II :

(A) I II II, I
(B) I II II, I
(C) I , II
(D) I , II

17. -
? 1
(A)
(B)
(C) ,
(D) ,

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15. Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option : 1
Assertion (A) : Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives.
Reason (R) : All living things need minerals.
Options :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

16. Two statements I and II are given below. Read both the statements
carefully and choose the correct option : 1
Statement I : Rapid improvement in technology has been one major
factor to stimulate the globalisation process.
Statement II : This has made much faster delivery of goods across long
distances possible at lower costs.
Options :
(A) Both statements I and II are correct and statement II is the correct
explanation of statement I.
(B) Both statements I and II are correct, but statement II is not the
correct explanation of statement I.
(C) Statement I is correct, but statement II is incorrect.
(D) Statement I is incorrect, but statement II is correct.

17. Which of the following groups in urban India depend on informal sources
to meet their credit needs ? 1
(A) Poor households
(B) Households with few assets
(C) Both poor households and households with few assets
(D) Both well-off households and households with few assets

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18. ?
: 1
I.
II.
III.
IV.

(A) I, II III (B) II, III IV

(C) I, II IV (D) I, III IV

19. :

? 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)

19
? 1
(A) (B)
(C) (D)

20. -
? 1
(A) (B)
(C) (D)

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18. Why does it become difficult for farmers in rural areas to take loans from
government banks ? Read the following reasons and choose the most
appropriate option : 1
I. Lack of collateral
II. Complicated procedure
III. Higher cost of borrowing
IV. Lack of awareness
Options :
(A) Only I, II and III are correct. (B) Only II, III and IV are correct.
(C) Only I, II and IV are correct. (D) Only I, III and IV are correct.

19. Look at the given picture and answer the question that follow :

The work being done in the picture falls under which sector of the economy ? 1
(A) Primary (B) Quaternary (C) Secondary (D) Tertiary

Note : The following question is for the Visually Impaired Candidates only,
in lieu of Q. No. 19.
The work of which of the following comes in the secondary sector of the
economy ? 1
(A) Bee-keeper (B) Moneylender
(C) Basket weaver (D) Fisherman

20.
1
(A) Primary (B) Secondary
(C) Tertiary (D) Quaternary

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- (4 2=8)

21. 2

22. 2

23.
2

? 2

24. ?
2

- (5 3=15)

25.
3

26.

?
1+2=3

32/1/3 Page 16 of 27
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SECTION B
(Very Short Answer Type Questions) (4 2=8)

21. Suggest any two measures to remove gender inequality. 2

22. Explain two important characteristics of Black soil. 2

23. (a) Explain the role of anti-

2
OR
(b) -
giving two arguments. 2

24. How did improvement in transportation technology stimulate the

globalisation process ? Explain. 2

SECTION C
(Short Answer Type Questions) (5 3=15)

25.
the context of the national
movement. 3

26. Read the story of Rinjha and answer the question that follows :

Story of Rinjha
Rinjha lived with her family in a small village at the outskirts of
Diphu in Assam. She enjoys watching her family members clearing,
slashing and burning a patch of land for cultivation. She often helps them
in irrigating the fields with water running through a bamboo canal from
the nearby spring. She loves the surroundings and wants to stay here as
long as she can, but this little girl has no idea about the declining fertility

season.

characteristics. 1+2=3

32/1/3 Page 17 of 27 P.T.O.

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27.
3

28. 3

? 3

29. (GDP) 3

- (4 5=20)

30.
5

1871
5

31.

32. -
5

32/1/3 Page 18 of 27
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27.
the statement. 3

28. (a) Explain the importance of political parties in democracy. 3

OR
(b) Why did India adopt the multiparty system ? Explain with suitable
arguments. 3

29. Evaluate the contribution of the tertiary sector in Gross Domestic

Product (GDP) in India. 3

SECTION D
(Long Answer Type Questions) (4 5=20)

30. (a)
nation in 19th
context of romanticism. 5
OR

(b) The most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after

context of Slavic Movement. 5

31. (a) Recent evidence suggests that overuse of groundwater is

the statement in the context of sustainability of development. 5

OR
(b)
5

32. (a)
Explain the statement with appropriate arguments. 5
OR

(b)
statement with appropriate arguments. 5

32/1/3 Page 19 of 27 P.T.O.

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33.
5

- 5

( - (3 4=12)

34.

13
- -
-
,

(34.1) 1

(34.2) ,
? 1

(34.3) -
2

32/1/3 Page 20 of 27
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33. (a)
5
OR
(b)
statement. 5

SECTION E
(Case/Source-Based Questions) (3 4=12)

34. Read the given source and answer the questions that follow :

An Experiment in Brazil

A city called Porto Alegre in Brazil has carried out an

extraordinary experiment in combining decentralisation with
participative democracy. The city has set up a parallel organisation
operating alongside the municipal council, enabling local inhabitants to
take real decisions for their city. The nearly 13 lakh people in this city get
to participate in making the budget for their own city. The city is divided
into many sectors or what we call wards. Each sector has a meeting, like
that of the gram sabha, in which anyone living in that area can
participate. There are some meetings to discuss issues that affect the
entire city. Any citizen of the city can participate in those meetings. The
budget of the city is discussed in these meetings. The proposals are put to
the municipality that takes a final decision about it.

(34.1) Explain the meaning of articipatory democracy . 1

(34.2) In the context of separation of powers, the given example defines

which type of government ? 1

(34.3) Describe the structure of the system in India which is almost

similar to the above example of Brazil. 2

32/1/3 Page 21 of 27 P.T.O.

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35.

, ,

2300
,

, ,

(35.1) ? 1

(35.2) + =1

(35.3) 2

36. :

-
-
, , 22
18
1919
, ,
-
1942 90
(36.1) 1
(36.2) - ? 1
(36.3) ?
2

32/1/3 Page 22 of 27
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35. Read the given source and answer the questions that follow :
Loans From Cooperatives
Besides banks, the other major source of cheap credit in rural
areas are the cooperative societies (or cooperatives). Members of
a cooperative pool their resources for cooperation in certain areas. There
are several types of cooperatives possible such as farmers cooperatives,
weavers cooperatives, industrial workers cooperatives, etc. Krishak
Cooperative functions in a village not very far away from Sonpur. It has
2300 farmers as members. It accepts deposits from its members. With
these deposits as collateral, the Cooperative has obtained a large loan
from the bank. These funds are used to provide loans to members. Once
these loans are repaid, another round of lending can take place.
Krishak Cooperative provides loans for the purchase of
agricultural implements, loans for cultivation and agricultural trade,
fishery loans, loans for construction of houses and for a variety of other
expenses.
(35.1) Cooperative societies come under which source of credit ? 1
(35.2) Mention any two sources of capital of cooperative societies. + =1
(35.3) Explain the role of cooperative societies in increasing the income of
farmers. 2
36. Read the given source and answer the questions that follow :
Print and Censorship
The power of the printed word is most often seen in the way
governments seek to regulate and suppress print. The colonial
government kept continuous track of all books and newspapers published
in India and passed numerous laws to control the press.
During the First World War, under the Defence of India Rules,
22 newspapers had to furnish securities. Of these, 18 shut down rather
than comply with government orders. The Sedition Committee Report
under Rowlatt in 1919 further strengthened controls that led to imposition
of penalties on various newspapers. At the outbreak of the Second World
War, the Defence of India Act was passed, allowing censoring of reports of
war-related topics. All reports about the Quit India movement came under
its purview. In August 1942, about 90 newspapers were suppressed.
(36.1) 1
(36.2) Why did the colonial administration keep an eye on books and
newspapers ? 1
(36.3) Why did Gandhiji start a nationwide Satyagraha against the
Rowlatt Act ? Explain any two reasons. 2

32/1/3 Page 23 of 27 P.T.O.

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( - (2+3=5)

37. - 27 , o

2 1=2
A. 1920
B.

37

(i) 1920

(ii) 2 1=2

- ,
3 1=3
(i)
(ii)
(iii) -
(iv)

37
3 1=3
(i)
(ii)
(iii) -
(iv)

32/1/3 Page 24 of 27
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SECTION F
(Map Skill-Based Questions) (2+3=5)

37. (a) Two places A and B have been marked on the given political
outline map of India (on page 27). Identify them with the help of
the following information and write their correct names on the
lines drawn near them : 2 1=2
A. The place where the session of Indian National Congress
was held in 1920.
B. The place where Gandhiji started Dandi March.
Note : The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates
only, in lieu of Q. No. 37 (a).
(a) (i) Name the place where the session of Indian National
Congress was held in 1920.
(ii) Name the place where Gandhiji started Dandi March. 2 1=2

(b) On the same political outline map of India, locate and label any
three of the following with suitable symbols : 3 1=3
(i) Leading state in production of Jute
(ii) Atomic Power Plant located in Gujarat
(iii) Iron and Steel Plant located in Jharkhand
(iv) Sri Guru Ram Das Jee International Airport

Note : The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates
only, in lieu of Q. No. 37 (b).
(b) Attempt any three questions. 3 1=3
(i) Name the leading state in production of Jute.
(ii) Name the place where an Atomic Power Plant is located in
Gujarat.
(iii) Name the place where an Iron and Steel Plant is located in
Jharkhand.
(iv) Name the place where Sri Guru Ram Das Jee International
Airport is located.

32/1/3 Page 25 of 27 P.T.O.

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32/1/3 Page 26 of 27
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àíZ g§. 37 Ho$ {bE For question no. 37

^maV H$m amOZr{VH$ aoIm-_mZ{MÌ

Political Outline Map of India

32/1/3 Page 27 of 27 P.T.O.

 Marking Scheme
Strictly Confidential
(For Internal and Restricted use only)
Secondary School Examination February - 2025
SUBJECT NAME: Social Science SUBJECT CODE 087 PAPER CODE 32/1/3

General Instructions: -

1. You are aware that evaluation is the most important process in the actual and correct
assessment of the candidates. A small mistake in evaluation may lead to serious problems
which may affect the future of the candidates, education system and teaching profession.
To avoid mistakes, it is requested that before starting evaluation, you must read and
understand the spot evaluation guidelines carefully.
2. “Evaluation policy is a confidential policy as it is related to the confidentiality of the
examinations conducted, Evaluation done and several other aspects. Its’ leakage to
public in any manner could lead to derailment of the examination system and affect
the life and future of millions of candidates. Sharing this policy/document to anyone,
publishing in any magazine and printing in News Paper/Website etc may invite action
under various rules of the Board and IPC.”
3. Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should not
be done according to one’s own interpretation or any other consideration. Marking Scheme
should be strictly adhered to and religiously followed. However, while evaluating,
answers which are based on latest information or knowledge and/or are innovative,
they may be assessed for their correctness otherwise and due marks be awarded to
them. In Class-X, while evaluating two competency-based questions, please try to
understand given answer and even if reply is not from marking scheme but correct
competency is enumerated by the candidate, due marks should be awarded.
4. The Marking scheme carries only suggested value points for the answers. These are in the
nature of Guidelines only and do not constitute the complete answer. The students can
have their own expression and if the expression is correct, the due marks should be
awarded accordingly.
5. The Head-Examiner must go through the first five answer books evaluated by each
evaluator on the first day, to ensure that evaluation has been carried out as per the
instructions given in the Marking Scheme. If there is any variation, the same should be zero
after delibration and discussion. The remaining answer books meant for evaluation shall
be given only after ensuring that there is no significant variation in the marking of
individual evaluators.
6. Evaluators will mark( √ ) wherever answer is correct. For wrong answer CROSS ‘X” be
marked. Evaluators will not put right (✓)while evaluating which gives an impression that
answer is correct and no marks are awarded. This is most common mistake which
evaluators are committing.
7. If a question has parts, please award marks on the right-hand side for each part. Marks
awarded for different parts of the question should then be totaled up and written in the left-
hand margin and encircled. This may be followed strictly.
8. If a question does not have any parts, marks must be awarded in the left-hand margin and
encircled. This may also be followed strictly.

1
9. If a student has attempted an extra question, answer of the question deserving more marks
should be retained and the other answer scored out with a note “Extra Question”.
10. No marks to be deducted for the cumulative effect of an error. It should be penalized only
once.
11. A full scale of marks _____80_____(example 0 to 80/70/60/50/40/30 marks as given in
Question Paper) has to be used. Please do not hesitate to award full marks if the answer
deserves it.
12. Every examiner has to necessarily do evaluation work for full working hours i.e., 8 hours
every day and evaluate 20 answer books per day in main subjects and 25 answer books per
day in other subjects (Details are given in Spot Guidelines).
13. Ensure that you do not make the following common types of errors committed by the
Examiner in the past:- Giving more marks for an answer than assigned to it.
● Wrong totaling of marks awarded on an answer.
● Wrong transfer of marks from the inside pages of the answer book to the title page.
Wrong question wise totaling on the title page.
● Leaving answer or part thereof unassessed in an answer book.
● Wrong totaling of marks of the two columns on the title page.
● Wrong grand total.
● Marks in words and figures not tallying/not same.
● Wrong transfer of marks from the answer book to online award list.
● Answers marked as correct, but marks not awarded. (Ensure that the right tick mark is
correctly and clearly indicated. It should merely be a line. Same is with the X for
incorrect answer.)
● Half or a part of answer marked correct and the rest as wrong, but no marks awarded.
14. While evaluating the answer books if the answer is found to be totally incorrect, it should
be marked as cross (X) and awarded zero (0)Marks.
15. Any un assessed portion, non-carrying over of marks to the title page, or totaling error
detected by the candidate shall damage the prestige of all the personnel engaged in the
evaluation work as also of the Board. Hence, in order to uphold the prestige of all
concerned, it is again reiterated that the instructions be followed meticulously and
judiciously.
16. The Examiners should acquaint themselves with the guidelines given in the “Guidelines
for spot Evaluation” before starting the actual evaluation.
17. Every Examiner shall also ensure that all the answers are evaluated, marks carried over to
the title page, correctly totaled and written in figures and words.
18. The candidates are entitled to obtain photocopy of the Answer Book on request on payment
of the prescribed processing fee. All Examiners/Additional Head Examiners/Head
Examiners are once again reminded that they must ensure that evaluation is carried out
strictly as per value points for each answer as given in the Marking Scheme.

2
 Marking Scheme
Class X -Social Science (087)
SET-32/1/3
SET -3 MM-80
Q.No. Values Points Page Marks-
No.
Section A (20X1=20)
(Multiple Choice Questions)
1 (B) India 13 E 1
2 (A) Only I, II and III are correct 48 P 1
3 (D) Spain- Federal 14 P 1
4 (C) Federal 4P 1
5 (A) a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii 45 G 1
6 (B) Venetia 21 H 1
7 (C) Only I, III and IV are correct 57-58H 1
8 (A) Marco Polo 54 H 1
Note- Due to lack of correct option, 1 mark should be awarded to all
students who attempted this question.
9 (D) Increased speed and accuracy of print 109H 1
10 (B) I, II, III 15G 1
11 (B) Rajasthan 15 G 1
12 (C) a-iv, b-i, c-ii, d-iii 24 G 1
13 (B) Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh 23 G 1
14 (C) Wheat 32 G 1
15 (A)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) 42 G 1
16 (A)Both statements I and II are correct and statement II is the correct 62 E 1
explanation of statement I
17 (C) Both poor households and households with few assets 49 E 1
18 (C) Only I, II and IV are correct 49 E 1
19 (D) Tertiary 19 E 1
Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates
only, in lieu of Question No.19. 21 E
(C) Basket weaver
20 (A) Primary 21 E 1

3
 Section B (4X2=8)
(Very Short Answer Type Questions)
21 Suggest any two measures to remove gender inequality. 33 P 2X1=2
(i) By increasing the literacy rate among women
(ii) By increasing the political representation of women
(iii) By investing in education of girls.
(iv) Legal protection to women in the employment sector
(v) Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be suggested.
22 Explain two important characteristics of Black Soil. 7G 2X1=2
(i) It is black in colour and is also known as regur soil.
(ii) It is ideal for growing cotton and is also known as black cotton
soil.
(iii) It is believed that climatic conditions along with the parent rock
material are the important factors for the formation of black soil.
(iv) It is made up of extremely fine i.e. clayey material.
(v) It has the capacity to hold moisture.
(vi) It is rich in soil nutrients, such as calcium carbonate,
magnesium, potash and lime.
(vii) It is poor in phosphoric content.
(viii) Any other relevant point
Any two points to be explained.
23 (a) Explain the role of anti-colonial movement in the rise of ‘modern 29 H 2X1=2
nationalism’ in India.
(i) People began discovering their unity in the process of their
struggle with colonialism.
(ii) The sense of being oppressed under colonialism provided a shared
bond that tied many different groups together.
(iii) Each class and group felt the effects of colonialism differently,
their experiences were varied, and their notions of freedom were
not always the same.

4
 (iv) Anti-colonial movements like Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil
Disobedience Movement, Quit India Movement etc. played a big
role in the rise of the modern nationalism in India.
(v) Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be explained.
OR
(b) Why did Gandhiji say ‘Satyagraha is pure soul force’ ? Explain 31 H 2X1=2
by giving arguments.
(i) Satyagraha is pure soul force because truth is the very
substance of the soul. That is why this force is called
Satyagraha.
(ii) The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame
of love. Non-violence is the supreme dharma.
(iii) According to Mahatma Gandhi, Satyagraha is not physical
force.
(iv) A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversity; he does
not seek his destruction. In the use of satyagraha, there is no
ill-will whatever.
(v) Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be explained.

24 How did improvement in transportation technology stimulate the 62E 2X1=2

globalization process?

(i) Faster delivery of goods across long distances possible at lower

costs.
(ii) With the improvement in transportation technology people can
travel long distances in a very short span of time.
(iii) It has facilitated trade (Domestic and International)
(iv) Any other relevant point.
(Any two points to be explained)

5
 Section C (5X3=15)
(Short Answer Type Questions)
25 “The idea of nationalism developed through a movement to revive 47H 3X1=3
Indian folklore.” Explain the statement in the context of the national
movement.
(i) In late-nineteenth-century India, nationalists began recording folk
tales sung by bards.
(ii) They toured villages to gather folk songs and legends.
(iii)These tales gave a true picture of traditional culture that had been
corrupted and damaged by outside forces.
(iv) It was essential to preserve this folk tradition in order to discover
one’s national identity and restore a sense of pride in one’s past.
(v) In Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore himself began collecting ballads,
nursery rhymes and myths, and led the movement for folk revival.
(vi) In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a massive four-volume
collection of Tamil folk tales, The Folklore of Southern India.
(vii) He believed that folklore was national literature; it was ‘the most
trustworthy manifestation of people’s real thoughts and
characteristics’
(viii) Any other relevant point
Any three points to be explained

26 Read the story of Rinjha and answer the question that follows: 30 G 1+2=3
Story of Rinjha
Rinjha lived with her family in a small village at the outskirts of Diphu
in Assam. She enjoys watching her family members clearing, slashing and
burning a patch of land for cultivation. She often helps them in irrigating the
fields with water running through a bamboo canal from the nearby spring.
She loves the surroundings and wants to stay here as long as she can, but this
little girl has no idea about the declining fertility of the soil and her family’s
search for a fresh patch of land in the next season.
What type of farming is Rinjha’s family doing ? Describe any two of its
characteristics.

6
 Type of farming-Primitive subsistence farming
Features of primitive subsistence farming:
(i) This farming is practiced on small patches of land.
(ii) It is done with the help of primitive tools like hoe, dao and
digging sticks.
(iii) It is done with the help of family or community labour.
(iv) This type of farming depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of
the soil and suitability of other environmental conditions to the
crops grown.
(v) Any other relevant point
Any two points to be described.
27 “Political power cannot be divided.” Analyse suitable arguments 8,9,65P 3X1=3
against the statement.
(i) Power sharing is the essence of democracy.
(ii) One basic principle of democracy is that people are the source of
all political power.
(iii) Undivided political power means dictatorship or totalitarianism
which is absolutely against the principles of democracy.
(iv) Division or decentralization of power brings accountability and
responsiveness.
(v) Divided power ensures checks and balances.
(vi) Division of power brings transparency in governance.
(vii) In a democracy, people rule themselves through the institutions of
self government.
(viii) Division and sharing of power is valuable and legitimate.
(ix) In a good democratic government , due respect is given to diverse
groups and views that exist in a society.
(x) Everone has a voice in the shaping of public policies.
(xi) Divided power improves the quality of decision making and
dignity of individuals.
(xii) Any other relevant point
Any three points to be analyzed.

7
28 (a) Explain the importance of political parties in democracy. 48,49 P 3X1=3
(i) Political parties are the most visible institution in a democracy.
(ii) They reflect fundamental political division in society.
(iii) Political parties contest elections.
(iv) Parties put forward different policies and programmes and the
voters chose them.
(v) Parties play a decisive role in making laws for the country.
(vi) Parties form and run government.
(vii) Parties play the role of opposition by voicing different views and
criticizing the government for its wrong policies.
(viii) Parties shape public opinion.
(ix) Parties provide people access to government machinery and welfare
schemes.
(x) Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be explained.
OR
(b) Why did India adopt the multiparty system? Explain with suitable 51 P 3X1=3
arguments.
(i) Party system is not something any country can choose. Each
country develops a party system that is conditioned by its special
circumstances.
(ii) India adopted mult-party system due to its social diversity.
(iii) India has vast geographical diversity. So in such a large country
diversity is not absorbed by two or even three parties.
(iv) Multiparty system allows a variety of interest and opinions to
enjoy political representation.
(v) Any other relevant point
Any three points to be explained.
29 Evaluate the contribution of Tertiary Sector in Gross Domestic 24 E 3X1=3
Product (GDP) in India.
(i) The tertiary sector has emerged as the largest sector in India.
(ii) This sector includes services like hospitals, post office, transport,
banking, insurance etc. thereby creating large scale emplyoment.

8
 (iii) This sector boosts the overall economy by providing varied
services and contributes significantly in the GDP.
(iv) With the development of primary and secondary sectors the
demand for services has increased.
(v) With the rise in income level demand for certain services like
restaurants, tourism, shopping etc. has also increased.
(vi) Certin new services based on information and technology have
become important and essential and is one of the most significant
contrubutor to India’s GDP.
(vii) Any other relevant point
Any three points to be evaluated.
Section D (4X5=20)
(Long Answer Type Questions)
30 (a) “Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation 13 H 5X1=5
in 19th century Europe.” Evaluate the statement in the context of
romanticism.
(i) Art and poetry, stories and music helped express and shape
nationalist feelings.
(ii) Romanticism, a cultural movement which sought to develop a
particular form of nationalist sentiment.
(iii) Romantic artists and poets generally criticised the glorification of
reason and science and focused instead on emotions, intuition and
mystical feelings.
(iv) Their effort was to create a sense of a shared collective heritage, a
common cultural past, as the basis of a nation.
(v) Romantics such as the German philosopher Johann Gottfried
Herder (1744-1803) claimed that true German culture was to be
discovered among the common people – das volk.
(vi) It was through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that the true
spirit of the nation was popularized.
(vii) So collecting and recording these forms of folk culture was
essential to the project of nation-building. The Grimm brothers saw
French domination as a threat to German culture and believed that

9
 the folktales they had collected were expressions of a pure and
authentic German spirit.
(viii) Language played an important role in developing nationalist
sentiments. Polish was used for Church gatherings and all religious
instruction as weapon of resistance against Russian domination.
(ix) Karol Kurpinski celebrated the national struggle through his operas
and music, turning folk dances like the polonaise and mazurka into
nationalist symbols.
(x) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be evaluated.

OR
(b) “The most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after
1871 was the area called the Balkans.” Evaluate the statement in the 26 H 5X1=5
context of Slavic Movement.
(i) The Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation
comprising modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece,
Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and
Montenegro whose inhabitants were broadly known as the Slavs.
(ii) A large part of the Balkans was under the control of the Ottoman
Empire.
(iii) The spread of the ideas of romantic nationalism in the Balkans
together with the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made this
region very explosive.
(iv) One by one Ottoman Empire’s European subject nationalities
broke away from its control and declared independence.
(v) The Balkan peoples based their claims for independence or
political rights on nationality and used history to prove that they
had once been independent but had subsequently been subjugated
by foreign powers.
(vi) The rebellious nationalities in the Balkans thought of their
struggles as attempts to win back their long-lost independence

10
 (vii) .As the different Slavic nationalities struggled to define their
identity and independence, the Balkan area became an area of
intense conflict.
(viii) The Balkan states were fiercely jealous of each other and each
hoped to gain more territory at the expense of the others.
(ix) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be evaluated.
31 (a) “Recent evidence suggests that the overuse of groundwater is 14 E 5X1=5
becoming a serious threat in many parts of the country.” Evaluate
the statement in the context of sustainability of development.
(i) Sustainability refers to that kind of economic development that
should take place without damaging the environment and
development in the present should not compromise with the need
of the future generations.
(ii) Ground water is an example of renewable resources. These
resources are replenished by nature.
(iii) The over use ground water is becoming a serious threat in many
parts of the country due to population growth and agricultural
practices.
(iv) Excessive use of ground water for irrigation can deplete ground
water level.
(v) A lack of effective policies and regulation can lead to
unsustainable ground water use.
(vi) About 300 districts have reported a water level decline of over 4
meters during the past 20 years.
(vii) Nearly one third of the country is over using their ground water
reserves.
(viii) In another 25 years, 60 percent of the country would be doing the
same if the present way of using this resource continues.
(ix) Ground water overuse is particularly found in the agriculturly
prosperous regions of Punjab and Western Uttar Pradesh etc.
(x) Judicious use of water resources.

11
 (xi) Control over dumping of excessive and toxic waste on land to
prevent pollution of ground water.
(xii) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be evaluated.
OR
(b) “The development goals of different categories of people may 4,5E 5X1=5
differ.” Evaluate the statement.
(i) Each one of us seeks different things in our life.
(ii) People seek things that are most important for them, which can fulfill
their aspirations or desires.
(iii) At times, two persons or group of persons may seek things which are
conflicting.
(iv) For example, a girl expects as much freedom and opportunities as
her brother and that he also shares in the household work.
(v) What may be the development for one may not be the development
of others.
(vi) For example, an industrialist may want more dams for electricity but
for the people who are displaced might resent this.
(vii) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be evaluated.
32 (a)“One distinct feature of democracy is that its scrutiny never ends.” 72 P 5X1=5
Explain the statement with appropriate arguments.
(i) As democracy passes one test, it produces another test.
(ii) As people get some benefits of democracy they ask for more and
want to make democracy better.
(iii) In a democratic setup people always come up with more
expectations.
(iv) It could be considered as a testimony to the success of
democracy.
(v) It shows that people have developed awareness and the ability to
expect and to look critically at power holders and the high and
the mighty.

12
 (vi) A public expression of dissatisfaction with democracy shows the
success of the democratic project.
(vii) It transforms people from the status of a subject into that of a
citizen.
(viii) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained.
OR
(b) “Democratic system is better than other systems.” Explain the 64 P 5x1=5
statement with appropriate arguments.
(i) It promotes equality among citizens.
(ii) It enhances the dignity of the individual.
(iii) It improves the quality of decision-making.
(iv) It provides a method to resolve conflicts.
(v) It allows room to correct mistakes.
(vi) It is an accountable form of government.
(vii) It is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiations.
(viii) It is responsive form of government.
(ix) It is a legitimate government.
(x) It accommodates social diversity
(xi) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained.

33 (a) “Manufacturing industries are considered the backbone of the 58 G 5X1=5

economic development of a country.” Justify the statement.
(i) The economic strength of a country is measured by the
development of manufacturing industries.
(ii) Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture.
(iii) They provide jobs in the secondary and tertiary sectors.
(iv) Industrial development is a pre-condition for eradication of
unemployment and poverty.
(v) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and
brings much needed foreign exchange.

13
 (vi) Countries that transform their raw material into a wide variety of
finished goods of higher values are prosperous.
(vii) It also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing
industries in tribal and backward areas.
(viii) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be justified.
OR
(b) “Agriculture and industries complement each other.” Justify the 58,59 5X1=5
statement. G
(i) Agriculture and industries are not exclusive of each other. They
move hand in hand.
(ii) For instance, Agro-industries in India have given a major boost to
agriculture by raising its productivity.
(iii) Industries depend on agriculture for raw material and provide their
products, for example, irrigation pumps, fertilizers, insecticides,
pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools etc to the
agricultural sector.
(iv) The development and competitiveness of manufacturing industries
has not only assisted agriculturists in increasing their production but
also made production process very efficient.
(v) In the present day of globalization, our industries need to be more
efficient and competitive. This will increase the productivity of the
agriculture sector as well.
(vi) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be justified.

Section E 3X4=12
CASE/SOURCE- BASED QUESTIONS
34 Read the given source and answer the questions that follow: 26 P
An Experiment in Brazil
A city called Porto Alegre in Brazil has carried out an extraordinary
experiment in combining decentralisation with participative democracy.
The city has set up a parallel organisation operating alongside the

14
municipal council, enabling local inhabitants to take real decisions for
their city. The nearly 13 lakh people in this city get to participate in
making the budget for their own city. The city is divided into many
sectors or what we call wards. Each sector has a meeting, like that of the
gram sabha, in which anyone living in that area can participate. There
are some meetings to discuss issues that affect the entire city. Any citizen
of the city can participate in those meetings. The budget of the city is
discussed in these meetings. The proposals are put to the municipality
that takes a final decision about it.

(34.1) Explain the meaning of 'participatory democracy'.

(i) Participatory democracy means participation or direct involvement in 1
decision making process.

(34.2) In the context of separation of powers, the given example defines

which type of government? 1
(i) Local Self Government.

(34.3) Describe the structure of the system in India which is almost

similar to the above example of Brazil. 2
(i) Local Self Government- Panchayati Raj, Municipality and Municipal
Corporation.
(ii) All bodies of Local Self Government are elected by the people.
(iii)Gram Sabha in the Gram Panchayat where people of that area
participate directly.
(iv) Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be described.

15
35 Read the source and answer the questions that follow: 47 E
Loans from Cooperatives
Besides banks, the other major source of cheap credit in rural areas are
the cooperative societies (or cooperatives). Members of a cooperative
pool their resources for cooperation in certain areas. There are several
types of cooperatives possible such as farmers cooperatives, weavers
cooperatives, industrial workers cooperatives, etc. Krishak Cooperative
functions in a village not very far away from Sonpur. It has 2300 farmers
as members. It accepts deposits from its members. With these deposits
as collateral, the Cooperative has obtained a large loan from the bank.
These funds are used to provide loans to members. Once these loans are
repaid, another round of lending can take place.
Krishak Cooperative provides loans for the purchase of agricultural
implements, loans for cultivation and agricultural trade, fishery loans,
loans for construction of houses and for a variety of other expenses.

(35.1) Cooperative societies come under which source of credit?

1
(i) Formal sources of credit

(35.2) Mention any two sources of capital of cooperative societies. ½+½= 1

(i) Deposits from the members of the cooperative
(ii) With the deposit as collateral the co-opearatives obtain large
loans from banks.
(iii) Interest earned on loans given by Cooperatives.
(iv) Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be mentioned.
(35.3) Explain the role of cooperative societies in increasing the income
2
of farmers.
(i) Co-operative societies provide loans on low interest rates which can
be further used for increasing crop production.
(ii) They also give interest on deposits. This promotes small saving
habits for the farmers.
(iii) Co-operatives provide loans for variety of expenses such as the
purchase of agricultural implements fisheries loans etc. which further
leads to increase the income of farmers.
(iv) Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be explained

16
36 Read the source and answer the questions that follow: 127 H
Print and Censorship
The power of the printed word is most often seen in the way governments
seek to regulate and suppress print. The colonial government kept
continuous track of all books and newspapers published in India and
passed numerous laws to control the press.
During the First World War, under the Defence of India Rules, 22
newspapers had to furnish securities. Of these, 18 shut down rather than
comply with government orders. The Sedition Committee Report under
Rowlatt in 1919 further strengthened controls that led to imposition of
penalties on various newspapers. At the outbreak of the Second World
War, the Defence of India Act was passed, allowing censoring of reports
of war-related topics. All reports about the Quit India movement came
under its purview. In August 1942, about 90 newspapers were
suppressed.
(36.1) Explain the meaning of 'censor'. 1
(i) Censor means tracking of all books and newspaper published.
(ii) It means controlling the publication of books and newspapers that
are critical of government policies.
(iii)Any other relevant point.
Any one point to be explained.
(36.2) Why did the colonial administration keep an eye on books and 1
newspapers?
(i) Several books and newspapers were critical of the Britishers misrule
and encouraged nationalist activities.
(ii) Vernacular press was assertively nationalist.
(iii)The colonial government kept an eye on books and newspapers
because the government wanted to supress print and passed numerous
laws to control the press.
(iv) These books and newspapers created a sense of unity amongst
Indians.
(v) Any other relevant point.
Any one point to be explained.

17
 (36.3) Why did Gandhiji start a nationwide Satyagraha against the 2
Rowlatt Act? Explain any two reasons.
(i) The Rowlatt Act gave the government enormous powers to repress
political activities.
(ii) The act allowed the detention of political prisoners without trial for
two years.
(iii)Any other relevant point.
Any two point to be explained.

Section F (2+3=5)
(Map Skill-Based Question)
37 (a) Two places ‘A’ and ‘B’ have been marked on the given political 2x1=2
outline map of India (on page 27). Identify them with the help of
the following information and write their correct names on the lines
drawn near them.
A. The place where the session of the Indian National Congress was
held in 1920. Nagpur
B. The place where Gandhiji started Dandi March. Sabarmati
Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates
only, in lieu of Q. No. 37 (a)
(a)(i) Name the place where the session of Indian National Congress 2x1=2
was held in 1920.
Nagpur/Kolkata (Calcutta)
(i) Name the place where Gandhiji started Dandi March.
Sabarmati

(b) On the same political outline map of India, locate and label any three
of the following with suitable symbols: 3x1=3
(i) Leading state in production of Jute- West Bengal
(ii) Atomic Power Plant located in Gujarat- Kakrapara
(iii) Iron and Steel Plant located in Jharkhand-Bokaro/Jamshedpur
(iv) Sri Guru Ram Das Jee International Airport-Amritsar

Note-For answers, see the attached map.

Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates
3x1=3
only, in lieu of Q. No. 37 (b)
(b)Attempt any three questions.
(i) Name the leading state in production of Jute.
West Bengal

18
(ii) Name the place where an Atomic Power Plant is located in
Gujarat.
Kakrapara
(iii)Name the place where an iron and Steel Plant is located in
Jharkhand.
Bokaro/ Jamshedpur
(iv) Name the place where Sri Guru Ram Das Jee International
Airport is located.
Amritsar

19
 Marking Scheme
Strictly Confidential
(For Internal and Restricted use only)
Secondary School Examination February - 2025
SUBJECT NAME: Social Science SUBJECT CODE 087 PAPER CODE 32/1/3

General Instructions: -

1. You are aware that evaluation is the most important process in the actual and correct
assessment of the candidates. A small mistake in evaluation may lead to serious problems
which may affect the future of the candidates, education system and teaching profession.
To avoid mistakes, it is requested that before starting evaluation, you must read and
understand the spot evaluation guidelines carefully.
2. “Evaluation policy is a confidential policy as it is related to the confidentiality of the
examinations conducted, Evaluation done and several other aspects. Its’ leakage to
public in any manner could lead to derailment of the examination system and affect
the life and future of millions of candidates. Sharing this policy/document to anyone,
publishing in any magazine and printing in News Paper/Website etc may invite action
under various rules of the Board and IPC.”
3. Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should not
be done according to one’s own interpretation or any other consideration. Marking Scheme
should be strictly adhered to and religiously followed. However, while evaluating,
answers which are based on latest information or knowledge and/or are innovative,
they may be assessed for their correctness otherwise and due marks be awarded to
them. In Class-X, while evaluating two competency-based questions, please try to
understand given answer and even if reply is not from marking scheme but correct
competency is enumerated by the candidate, due marks should be awarded.
4. The Marking scheme carries only suggested value points for the answers. These are in the
nature of Guidelines only and do not constitute the complete answer. The students can
have their own expression and if the expression is correct, the due marks should be
awarded accordingly.
5. The Head-Examiner must go through the first five answer books evaluated by each
evaluator on the first day, to ensure that evaluation has been carried out as per the
instructions given in the Marking Scheme. If there is any variation, the same should be zero
after delibration and discussion. The remaining answer books meant for evaluation shall
be given only after ensuring that there is no significant variation in the marking of
individual evaluators.
6. Evaluators will mark( √ ) wherever answer is correct. For wrong answer CROSS ‘X” be
marked. Evaluators will not put right (✓)while evaluating which gives an impression that
answer is correct and no marks are awarded. This is most common mistake which
evaluators are committing.
7. If a question has parts, please award marks on the right-hand side for each part. Marks
awarded for different parts of the question should then be totaled up and written in the left-
hand margin and encircled. This may be followed strictly.
8. If a question does not have any parts, marks must be awarded in the left-hand margin and
encircled. This may also be followed strictly.
9. If a student has attempted an extra question, answer of the question deserving more marks
should be retained and the other answer scored out with a note “Extra Question”.
10. No marks to be deducted for the cumulative effect of an error. It should be penalized only
once.
11. A full scale of marks _____80_____(example 0 to 80/70/60/50/40/30 marks as given in
Question Paper) has to be used. Please do not hesitate to award full marks if the answer
deserves it.
12. Every examiner has to necessarily do evaluation work for full working hours i.e., 8 hours
every day and evaluate 20 answer books per day in main subjects and 25 answer books per
day in other subjects (Details are given in Spot Guidelines).
13. Ensure that you do not make the following common types of errors committed by the
Examiner in the past:- Giving more marks for an answer than assigned to it.
● Wrong totaling of marks awarded on an answer.
● Wrong transfer of marks from the inside pages of the answer book to the title page.
Wrong question wise totaling on the title page.
● Leaving answer or part thereof unassessed in an answer book.
● Wrong totaling of marks of the two columns on the title page.
● Wrong grand total.
● Marks in words and figures not tallying/not same.
● Wrong transfer of marks from the answer book to online award list.
● Answers marked as correct, but marks not awarded. (Ensure that the right tick mark is
correctly and clearly indicated. It should merely be a line. Same is with the X for
incorrect answer.)
● Half or a part of answer marked correct and the rest as wrong, but no marks awarded.
14. While evaluating the answer books if the answer is found to be totally incorrect, it should
be marked as cross (X) and awarded zero (0)Marks.
15. Any un assessed portion, non-carrying over of marks to the title page, or totaling error
detected by the candidate shall damage the prestige of all the personnel engaged in the
evaluation work as also of the Board. Hence, in order to uphold the prestige of all
concerned, it is again reiterated that the instructions be followed meticulously and
judiciously.
16. The Examiners should acquaint themselves with the guidelines given in the “Guidelines
for spot Evaluation” before starting the actual evaluation.
17. Every Examiner shall also ensure that all the answers are evaluated, marks carried over to
the title page, correctly totaled and written in figures and words.
18. The candidates are entitled to obtain photocopy of the Answer Book on request on payment
of the prescribed processing fee. All Examiners/Additional Head Examiners/Head
Examiners are once again reminded that they must ensure that evaluation is carried out
strictly as per value points for each answer as given in the Marking Scheme.
 Marking Scheme
Class X -Social Science (087)
SET-32/1/3
SET -3 MM-80
प्रश्न सं. मूल्य ब ंदु पृष्ठ सं . अंक

खंड क (20X1=20)
( हुबिकल्पीय प्रश्न)
1 (B) भारत 13 E 1
2 (A) केवल I, II और III सही हैं | 48 P 1
3 (D)स्पेन-संघात्मक 14 P 1
4 (C)संघात्मक 4P 1
5 (A) a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii 45 G 1
6 (B) वेनेशिया 21 H 1
7 (C) केवल I, III और IV सही हैं | 57,58H 1
8 (A) माको पोलो 54 H 1

नोट- सही बिकल्प उपलब्ध नही ं होने के कारण, इस प्रश्न का प्रयास करने िाले
सभी छात्ों को 1 अंक बदया जाना चाबहए।
9 (D) शरंट में तेज़ी और सटीकता में वृद्धि 108 H 1
10 (B) I, II, III 15 G 1
11 (B) राजस्थान 15 G 1
12 (C) a-iv, b-i, c-ii, d-iii 24 G 1
13 (B) महाराष्ट्र, कनाा टक और आं ध्ररदे ि 23 G 1
14 (C) गेहूँ 32 G 1
15 (A) (A) और (R) दोनों सही हैं और (R), (A) की सही व्याख्या है | 42 G 1
16 (A) कथन I और II दोनों सही हैं और कथन II, कथन I की सही व्याख्या है I 62 E 1
17 (C) दोनों, गरीब और कम संपशि वाले पररवार 49 E 1
18 (C) केवल I, II और IV सही हैं | 49 E 1
19 (D) तृतीयक 19 E 1

नोट-शनम्नशलद्धित रश्न केवल दृबि ाबित परीक्षाबथियों के शलए रश्न संख्या 19 के स्थान पर

है | 21 E

(C) टोकरी बुनकर

20 (A) राथशमक 21 E 1
 खंड ख (4X2=8)

(अबत लघु-उत्तरीय प्रश्न)

21 लैंबिक असमानता को दू र करने के कोई दो उपाय सुझाइए | 33 P 2X1=2

(i) मशहलाओं के बीच साक्षरता दर बढाकर

(ii) मशहलाओं के राजनीशतक रशतशनशित्व को बढाकर

(iii) लड़शकयों की शिक्षा में शनवेि करके

(iv) रोजगार क्षेत्र में मशहलाओं को कानूनी सुरक्षा रदान करके

(v) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु।

कोई दो सुझाि अपेबक्षत है |

22 काली मृदा की दो प्रमुख विशेषताओं की व्याख्या कीजिए | 7 G 2X1=2

(i) इन मृदाओं का रं ग काला है और इन्हें रे गर मृदाएूँ भी कहा जाता है |

(ii) काली मृदा कपास की िेती के शलए उशचत समझी जाती है और काली कपास
मृदा के नाम से भी जाना जाता है |
(iii) यह माना जाता है शक जलवायु और जनक िैलों ने काली मृदा के बनने में
महत्वपूर्ा योगदान शदया है |
(iv) काली मृदा बहुत महीन कर्ों अथाा त मृशिका से बनी है |
(v) इसकी नमी िारर् करने की क्षमता बहुत होती है |
(vi) ये मृदाएूँ कैद्धियम काबोनेट, मैग्नीशियम, पोटाि और चूने जैसे पौशष्ट्क तत्वों से
पररपूर्ा होती हैं |
(vii) इनमें फोस्फोरस की मात्रा कम होती है |
(viii) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु
बकन्ी ं दो ब न्दु ओ ं की व्याख्या अपेबक्षत है |
23 (क) भारत में ‘आिुबनक रािरिाद’ के उदय में उपबनिेशिाद बिरोिी आन्दोलन की 29 H 2X1=2

भूबमका को स्पि कीबजए |

(i) औपशनवेशिक िासकों के द्धिलाफ संघर्ा के दौरान लोग आपसी एकता को

पहचानने लगे थे ।
 (ii) उपशनवेिवाद के अंतगात उत्पीड़न और दमन के साझा भाव ने शवशभन्न समूहों

को एक दु सरे से बाूँ ि शदया था |

(iii) हर वगा और समूह पर उपशनवेिवाद का असर एक जैसा नहीं था, उनके

अनुभव भी अलग थे और स्वतंत्रता के मायने भी शभन्न थे |

(iv) असहयोग आं दोलन, सशवनय अवज्ञा आं दोलन, भारत छोड़ो आं दोलन आशद जैसे

उपशनवेि शवरोिी आं दोलनों ने भारत में आिुशनक राष्ट्रवाद के उदय में बड़ा

योगदान शदया।

(v) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु।

बकन्ी ं दो ब न्दु ओ ं की व्याख्या अपेबक्षत है |

अथिा
31 H 2x1=2
(ि) िांिीजी ने क्ों कहा बक ‘सत्याग्रह तो शुद्ध आत्म ल है ’ ? दो तकि दे कर स्पि

कीबजए |

(i) सत्याग्रह तो िुि आत्मबल है | सत्य ही आत्मा का आिार होता है इसशलए इस

बल को सत्याग्रह का नाम शदया गया है |

(ii) आत्मा ज्ञान से हमेिा लैस होती है | इसमें प्यार की लौ जलती है | अशहं सा

सवोच्च िमा है |

(iii) महात्मा गां िी के अनुसार, सत्याग्रह िारीररक बल नहीं है ।

(iv) सत्याग्रही अपने ित्रु को कष्ट् नहीं पहुूँ चाता; वह अपने ित्रु का शवनाि नहीं

चाहता | सत्याग्रह के रयोग में दु भाा वना के शलए कोई स्थान नहीं होता |

(v) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु।

बकन्ी ं दो ब न्दु ओ ं की व्याख्या अपेबक्षत है |

24 पररिहन प्रौिोबिकी में हुई उन्नबत ने बकस प्रकार िैश्वीकरण प्रबिया को उत्प्रेररत 62E 2X1=2

बकया ? स्पि कीबजए |

 (i) लंबी दू री तक एवं वस्तुओं की तीव्रतर आपूशता को कम लागत पर संभव शकया
है ।
(ii) पररवहन रौद्योशगकी में उन्नशत के कारर् लोग बहुत कम समय में लंबी दू री
तय कर सकते हैं ।
(iii) इसने व्यापार (घरे लू और अंतरराष्ट्रीय) को सुशविाजनक बनाया है ।
(iv) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु।
बकन्ी ं दो ब न्दु ओ ं की व्याख्या अपेबक्षत है |

खंड ि (5X3=15)

(लघु-उत्तरीय प्रश्न)
25 “रािरिाद का बिचार भारतीय लोक-कथाओं को पुनजीबित करने के आन्दोलन से 47H 3X1=3
मज ूत हुआ |” रािरीय आन्दोलन के सन्दभि में इस कथन की व्याख्या कीबजए |
(i) उन्नीसिीं सदी के आजखर में राष्ट्रिाददयों ने भाटों ि चारणों द्वारा गाई -
सुनाई िाने िाली लोक कथाओं को दिज करना शुरू कर ददया।
(ii) िे लोक गीतों ि िनश्रुततयों को इकट्ठा करने के तलए गााँि-गााँि घूमने
लगे।
(iii) उनका मानना था दक यही कहातनयााँ हमारी उस परं परागत संस्कृ तत की
सही तसिीर पेश करती हैं िो बाहरी ताक़तों के प्रभाि से भ्रष्ट और दवू षत
हो चुकी है ।
(iv) अपनी राष्ट्रीय पहचान को ढू ं ढ़ने और अपने अतीत में गौरि का भाि पैदा
करने के तलए इस लोक परं परा को बचाकर रखना िरूरी था ।
(v) बगांल में खुद रबीन्रनाथ टै गोर भी लोक गाथा गीत, बाल गीत और तमथकों
को इकट्ठा करने तनकल पडे । उन्होंने लोक परं पराओं को पुनिीवित करने
िाले आंदोलन का नेतत्ृ ि दकया।
(vi) मरास में नटे सा शास्त्री ने द फोकलोसज ऑफ सदनज इं दिया के नाम से
ततमल लोक कथाओं का विशाल संकलन चार खंिों में प्रकातशत दकया।
(vii) उनका मानना था दक लोक कथाएाँ राष्ट्रीय सादहत्य होती हैं ; यह 'लोगों के
असली विचारों और वितशष्टताओं की सबसे विश्वसनीय अतभव्यवि' है ।
(viii) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु
बकन्ी ं तीन ब न्दु ओ ं की व्याख्या अपेबक्षत है |
26 ररं झा की कहानी को पब़िए और उसके नीचे बदए िए प्रश्न का उत्तर दीबजए : 30,31
ररं झा की कहानी G
ररं झा असम में शिफु के बाहरी क्षेत्र में अपने पररवार के साथ एक छोटे गाूँ व में रहती है । वह
अपने पररवार के सदस्ों द्वारा एक भूशम के टु कड़े पर उगी वनस्पशत को काटकर व जलाकर
साफ करते दे ि कर आनन्द का अनुभव करती है । वह राय: पररवार के सदस्ों के साथ बाूँ स
के नाले द्वारा समीप के झरने से पानी लाकर अपने िेत को शसंशचत करने में सहायता करती
है । वह अपने पररस्थान से लगाव रिती है और जब तक संभव हो यहाूँ रहना चाहती है ।
परन्तु इस छोटी बच्ची को अपने िेत में शमट्टी की घटती उवारता के बारे में कुछ भी पता नहीं
है शजसके कारर् उसके पररवार को अगले वर्ा नए भूशम के टु कड़े की तलाि करनी होगी।
ररं झा का पररिार बकस प्रकार की खेती कर रहा है ? उसकी बकन्ी ं दो बिशेषताओं का
िणिन कीबजए । 1+2=3
कृबष का प्रकार-रारं शभक जीशवका शनवाा ह कृशर्
प्रारं बभक जीबिका बनिािह कृबष की बिशेषताएँ :
(i) यह कृशर् भूशम के छोटे टु कड़ों पर की जाती है ।
(ii) यह राथशमक उपकरर्ों जैसे लकड़ी के हल, िाओ और ख़ुदाई करने वाली छड़ी
की मदद से की जाती है ।
(iii) यह पररवार या समुदाय श्रम की मदद से की जाती है ।
(iv) इस रकार की कृशर् रायः मानसून, मृदा की राकृशतक उवारता और फसल उगाने
के शलए अन्य पयाा वरर्ीय पररद्धस्थशतयों की उपयुक्तता पर शनभार करती है ।
(v) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु
बकन्ी ं दो ब न्दु ओ ं का िणिन अपेबक्षत है |

27 “राजनीबतक सत्ता का ँटिारा नही ं बकया जा सकता |” इस कथन के बिरुद्ध 8-9,65 3X1=3

उपयुक्त तकों का बिश्लेषण कीबजए | P

(i) सिा की साझेदारी लोकतंत्र का सार है ।
(ii) लोकतंत्र का एक शसिां त है शक लोग सभी रकार की िद्धक्तयों के स्रोत होते हैं |
(iii) अशवभाशजत राजनीशतक िद्धक्त का अथा तानािाही या सवासिावाद है जो लोकतंत्र
के शसिां तों के शवरुि है ।
(iv) िद्धक्त का शवभाजन या शवकेंद्रीकरर् जवाबदे ही और उिरदाशयत्व सुशनशित करता
है ।
(v) शवभाशजत िद्धक्तयाूँ संतुलन और शनयंत्रर् सुशनशित करती हैं ।
 (vi) िद्धक्त का शवभाजन िासन में पारदशिाता लाता है |
(vii) लोकतंत्र में लोग स्थानीय स्विासन की संस्थाओं के द्वारा स्वयं पर िासन करते हैं |
(viii) िद्धक्त का शवभाजन और साझेदारी मूल्यवान और वैि है ।
(ix) एक अच्छे लोकतंत्र में समाज के शवशवि समूहों के मतों को महत्त्व शदया जाता है |
(x) सावाजशनक नीशतयों के शनमाा र् में सभी का मत शलया जाता है |
(xi) शवभाशजत िद्धक्त शनर्ाय लेने की गुर्विा और व्यद्धक्तयों की गररमा को बढाती है ।
(xii) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु
बकन्ी ं तीन ब न्दु ओ ं का बिश्लेषण अपेबक्षत है |
28 (क) लोकतंत् में राजनीबतक दलों के महत्व की व्याख्या कीबजए । 48,49 P 3X1=3
(i) राजनीशतक दल लोकताद्धिक व्यवस्था की संस्थाओं में अलग से शदिायी दे ते हैं ।
(ii) वे समाज के बुशनयादी राजनीशतक शवभाजन को दिाा ते हैं ।
(iii) राजनीशतक दल चुनावों में भाग लेते हैं ।
(iv) दल शवशभन्न नीशतयों और कायाक्रमों को मतदाताओं के सामने रिते हैं और
मतदाता अपनी पसंद की नीशतयों और कायाक्रमों को चुनते हैं ।
(v) दल दे ि के शलए कानून बनाने में शनर्ाा यक भूशमका शनभाते हैं ।
(vi) दल सरकार बनाते और चलाते हैं ।
(vii) दल शवशभन्न शवचारों को व्यक्त करके और सरकार की गलत नीशतयों की
आलोचना करके शवपक्ष की भूशमका शनभाते हैं ।
(viii) दल जनमत शनमाा र् में महत्वपूर्ा भूशमका शनभाते हैं ।
(ix) दल लोगों को सरकारी मिीनरी और सरकार द्वारा चलाये जाने वाले कल्यार्
कायाक्रमों तक लोगों की पहुं च बनाते हैं |
(x) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु।
बकन्ी ं तीन ब न्दु ओ ं की व्याख्या अपेबक्षत है |
अथिा
3X1=3
(ख) भारत ने हुदलीय व्यिस्था को क्ों अपनाया ? उबचत तकों सबहत व्याख्या 51 P
कीबजए |
(i) दलीय व्यवस्था का चुनाव करना शकसी दे ि के हाथ में नहीं है | यह एक लम्बे दौर
के काम काज के बाद िुद शवकशसत होती है |
(ii) भारत ने अपनी सामाशजक शवशविता के कारर् बहुदलीय व्यवस्था अपनाई।
(iii) भारत में शविाल भौगोशलक शवशविता है । इसशलए, दो या तीन पाशटा याूँ इतने बड़े
दे ि में शवशविताओं को समेट पाने में अक्षम है ।
 (iv) बहुदलीय व्यवस्था के अंतगात शवशभन्न शहतों और शवचारों को राजनीशतक
रशतशनशित्व शमल पाता है ।
(v) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु |
बकन्ी ं तीन ब न्दु ओ ं की व्याख्या अपेबक्षत है |

29 भारत में सकल घरे लु उत्पाद (GDP) में तृतीयक क्षेत्क के योिदान का मूल्यांकन 24 E 3X1=3

कीबजए |
(i) तृतीयक क्षेत्रक भारत में सबसे बड़े क्षेत्रक के रूप में उभरा है |
(ii) इस क्षेत्रक के अंतगात अस्पताल, िाक घर, पररवहन, बैंक, बीमा इत्याशद सेवाएूँ
आती हैं |
(iii) यह क्षेत्रक अनेक सेवाएूँ उपलब्ध करवा कर अथाव्यवस्था को मजबूत करती है
और सकल घरे लु उत्पाद में महत्वपूर्ा योगदान दे ती है |
(iv) राथशमक और शद्वतीयक क्षेत्रक के शवकास से सेवाओं की मां ग बढती जा रही है |
(v) जैसे-जैसे आय बढती है , कई सेवाओं जैसे रे स्तरां , पयाटन, िॉशपंग इत्याशद की
मां ग बढती जा रही है |
(vi) सूचना और संचार रौिोशगकी पर आिाररत कुछ नई सेवाएूँ महत्वपूर्ा एवं
अपररहाया हो गयी हैं और इन सेवाओं की मां ग बढती जा रही है | यह भारत के
सकल घरे लु उत्पाद में महत्वपूर्ा योगदान दे ता है |
(vii) कोई अन्य महत्वपूर्ा शबंदु ।
बकन्ी ं तीन ब न्दु ओ ं का मूल्यांकन अपेबक्षत है ।

खंड घ (4X5=20)

(दीघि-उत्तरीय प्रश्न)
30 (क) “उन्नीसिी ं सदी में यूरोप में रािर के बिचार के बनमािण में संस्कृबत ने एक 13 H 5X1=5

अहम् भूबमका बनभाई |” रूमानीिाद के सन्दभि में इस कथन का मूल्यांकन

कीबजए |

(i) कला, काव्य, कहातनयों-दकस्सों और संगीत ने राष्ट्रिादी भािनाओं को व्यि

करने में सहयोग ददया |

(ii) रूमानीिाद एक ऐसा सांस्कृ ततक आन्दोलन था िो एक खास तरह की राष्ट्रीय

भािना का विकास करना चाहता था |

 (iii) आमतौर पर रूमानी कलाकारों और कवियों ने तकज-वितकज और विज्ञान के

मदहमामंिन की आलोचना की और उसकी िगह भािनाओं, अंतर्दज वष्ट और

रहस्यिादी भािनाओं पर िोर ददया।

(iv) उनका प्रयास था दक एक साझा - सामूदहक विरासत की अनुभूतत और एक

साझा सांस्कृ ततक अतीत को राष्ट्र का आधार बनाया िाए।

(v) िमजन दाशजतनक योहान गॉटफ्रीि िैसे रूमानी तचंतकों ने दािा दकया दक

सच्ची िमजनी संस्कृ तत उसके आम लोगों (das volk) में तनदहत थी ।

(vi) राष्ट्र (volkgeist) की सच्ची आत्मा लोकगीतों, िन- काव्य और लोकनृत्यों

से प्रकट होती थी ।

(vii) इसतलए लोक संस्कृ तत के इन स्िरूपों को एकत्र और अंदकत करना राष्ट्र के

तनमाजण की पररयोिना के तलए आिश्यक था। ग्रीम बंधू फ्रेंच के िचजस्ि को

िमजन संस्कृ तत के तलए खतरा मानते थे और उनको विश्वास था दक उन्होंने

िो लोक कथाएं इकट्ठी की हैं िे विशुद्ध और सच्ची िमजन भािना की

अतभव्यवि हैं |

(viii) भाषा ने भी राष्ट्रीय भािनाओं के विकास में एक महत्त्िपूणज भूतमका तनभाई।

रूसी प्रभुत्ि के विरोध में पोलैंि में लोगों ने राष्ट्रिादी विरोध के तलए भाषा

को एक हतथयार बनाया। चचज के आयोिनों और संपूणज धातमजक तशक्षा में

पोतलश का इस्तेमाल हुआ।

(ix) कैरोल कुशपिंसकी ने राष्ट्रीय संघर्ा का अपने ऑपेरा और संगीत से गुर्गान शकया
और पोलेनेस और माज़ुरका जैसे लोकनृत्यों को राष्ट्रीय रतीकों में बदल शदया |
(x) कोई अन्य महत्वपूर्ा शबंदु ।
बकन्ी ं पाँच ब न्दु ओ ं का मूल्यांकन अपेबक्षत है |

अथिा

(ि) “1871 के बाद यूरोप में गंभीर राष्ट्रिादी तनाि का स्रोत बाल्कन क्षेत्र था |” 26 H 5X1=5

स्लाि आन्दोलन के सन्दभज में इस कथन का मूल्यांकन कीजिए |

(i) बाल्कन क्षेत्र में भौगोतलक और िातीय तभन्नता थी। इसमें आधुतनक

रोमातनया, बुल्गेररया, अल्बेतनया, यूनान मेतसिोतनया, क्रोएतशया, बोजस्नया

हर्ज़ेगोविना, स्लोिेतनया सवबजया और मॉजन्टतनग्रो शातमल थे। क्षेत्र के

तनिातसयों को आमतौर पर स्लाि पुकारा िाता था।

(ii) बाल्कन क्षेत्र का एक बडा दहस्सा ऑटोमन साम्राज्य के तनयंत्रण में था।

(iii) बाल्कन क्षेत्र में रूमानी राष्ट्रिाद के विचारों के फैलने और ऑटोमन साम्राज्य

के विघटन से जस्थतत काफी विस्फोटक हो गई।

(iv) एक के बाद एक उसके अधीन यूरोपीय राष्ट्रीयताएाँ उसके चंगुल से तनकल

कर स्ितंत्रता की घोषणा करने लगीं।

(v) बाल्कन लोगों ने आर्जादी या रािनीततक अतधकारों के अपने दािों को

राष्ट्रीयता का आधार ददया। उन्होंने इततहास का इस्तेमाल यह सावबत करने

के तलए दकया दक िे कभी स्ितंत्र थे दकंतु तत्पश्चात विदे शी शवियों ने उन्हें

अधीन कर तलया।

(vi) बाल्कन क्षेत्र के विरोही राष्ट्रीय समूहों ने अपने संघषो को लंबे समय से

खोई आर्जादी को िापस पाने के प्रयासों के रूप में दे खा |

(vii) िैस-े िैसे वितभन्न स्लाि राष्ट्रीय समूहों ने अपनी पहचान और स्ितंत्रता की

पररभाषा तय करने की कोतशश की, बाल्कन क्षेत्र गहरे टकराि का क्षेत्र बन

गया।

(viii) बाल्कन राज्य एक-दस

ू रे से भारी ईर्षयाज करते थे और हर एक राज्य अपने

तलए ज़्यादा से ज्यादा इलाका हतथयाने की उम्मीद रखता था।

(ix) कोई अन्य महत्िपूणज वबंद।ु

बकन्ी ं पाँच ब न्दु ओ ं का मूल्यांकन अपेबक्षत है |

31 (क) “हाल के प्रमाण ताते हैं बक दे श के कई भािों में भूबमित जल का अबत उपयोि 14E 5X1=5
एक िंभीर संकट नता जा रहा है |” बिकास की िारणीयता के सन्दभि में इस
कथन का मूल्यांकन कीबजए |
(i) िारर्ीयता का अथा है शक शवकास पयाा वरर् को शबना नुकसान पहुं चाए हो और
वतामान शवकास की रशक्रया भशवष्य की पीशढयों की आवश्यकता की अवहे लना न
करे |
(ii) भूशमगत जल नवीकरर्ीय सािन का उदाहरर् है | इसकी पुनः पूशता रकृशत के
द्वारा शकया जाता है |
(iii) दे ि के कई भागों में जनसंख्या वृद्धि और कृशर् सम्बन्धी कायों के कारर् भूशमगत
जल के अशत-उपयोग होने का गंभीर संकट है ।
(iv) शसंचाई के शलए भूजल का अत्यशिक उपयोग भूजल स्तर को कम कर सकता है ।
(v) रभावी नीशतयों और शनयमों की कमी से भूजल के अशतदोहन होने की संभावना है
|
(vi) 300 शज़लों से सूचना शमली है शक वहाूँ शपछले 20 सालों में पानी के स्तर में 4 मीटर
से अशिक की शगरावट आयी है ।
(vii) दे ि का लगभग एक शतहाई भाग, भूशमगत जल भण्डारों का अशत- उपयोग कर
रहा है ।
(viii) यशद इस सािन के रयोग करने का वतामान तरीका जारी रहा तो अगले 25 वर्ों
में दे ि का 60 रशतित भाग इस सािन का अशत उपयोग कर रहा होगा।
(ix) भूशमगत जल का अशत-उपयोग शविेर् रूप से पंजाब और पशिमी उिर रदे ि के
कृशर् की दृशष्ट् से समृि क्षेत्रों में पायी जाती है |
(x) जल संसािनों का शववेकपूर्ा उपयोग।
(xi) भूशम पर अत्यशिक और शवर्ाक्त अपशिष्ट् के िं शपंग पर शनयंत्रर् ताशक भूजल के
रदू र्र् को रोका जा सके।
(xii) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु।
बकन्ी ं पांच ब न्दु ओ ं का मूल्यांकन अपेबक्षत है |

4,5E 5X1=5
 अथिा
(ख) “बिबभन्न श्रेणी के लोिों के बिकास के लक्ष्य बभन्न हो सकते हैं |” इस कथन का
मूल्यांकन कीबजए |
(i) हम में से रत्येक अपने जीवन में अलग-अलग चीजें पाना चाहता है ।
(ii) लोग ऐसी चीजें चाहते हैं जो उनके शलए सवाा शिक महत्वपूर्ा हैं अथाा त वे चीजें जो
उनकी आकाूँ क्षाओं और इच्छाओं को पूरा कर सके |
(iii) कभी-कभी, दो व्यद्धक्त या दो गुट ऐसी चीजें चाह सकते हैं शजनमें परस्पर शवरोि
हो सकता है |
(iv) उदाहरर् के शलए, एक लड़की अपने भाई के समकक्ष स्वतंत्रता और अवसर
शमलने और भाई भी घर के काम काज में हाथ बंटाएगा, की आिा रिती है ।
(v) एक के शलए जो शवकास है , वह दु सरे के शलए शवकास ना हो ।
(vi) उदाहरर् के शलए, अशिक शबजली पाने के शलए, उद्योगपशत ज्यादा बां ि चाहते हैं
लेशकन जो शवस्थाशपत हो जाएूँ वे इसका शवरोि कर सकते हैं ।
(vii) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु।
बकन्ी ं पांच ब न्दु ओ ं का मूल्यांकन अपेबक्षत है |

32 (क) “लोकतंत् की एक खाबसयत है बक इसकी जाँच-परख कभी ख़त्म नही ं होती |” 72 P 5X1=5

उपयुक्त तकों सबहत कथन की व्याख्या कीबजए |

(i) जब लोकतंत्र एक जां च पर िरा उतरे तो अगली जां च आ जाती है |
(ii) लोगों को जब लोकतंत्र से थोड़ा लाभ शमल जाता है , तो वे और लाभों की मां ग करने
लगते हैं और लोकतंत्र को बेहतर बनाना चाहते हैं ।
(iii) लोकतां शत्रक व्यवस्था में लोग अपनी अन्य अपेक्षाओं का पुशलंदा िोल दे ते हैं ।
(iv) इसे लोकतंत्र की सफलता की गवाही माना जा सकता है ।
(v) इससे पता चलता है शक लोग सचेत हो गए हैं और वे सिा में बैठे लोगों के कामकाज
का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यां कन करने लगे हैं |
(vi) लोकतंत्र के कामकाज से लोगों का असंतोर् जताना लोकतंत्र की सफलता को बताता
है ।
(vii) यह लोगों को रजा से नागररक की द्धस्थशत में बदल दे ता है ।
(viii) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु।
बकन्ी ं पाँच ब न्दु ओ ं की व्याख्या अपेबक्षत है |
 अथिा
(ख) “लोकतान्त्रिक व्यिस्था अन्य व्यिस्थाओं से ेहतर है |” उपयुक्त तकों सबहत 64 P 5x1=5

कथन की व्याख्या कीबजए |

(i) यह नागररकों के बीच समानता को बढावा दे ता है ।
(ii) यह व्यद्धक्त की गररमा को बढाता है ।
(iii) यह शनर्ाय लेने की गुर्विा में सुिार करता है ।
(iv) यह टकरावों को सूँभालने का एक तरीका दे ता है ।
(v) इसमें गलशतयों को सुिारने की गुंजाइि होती है ।
(vi) यह एक जवाबदे ह सरकार होती है ।
(vii) यह शवचार-शवमिा और वातााओं के शवचार पर आिाररत होता है ।
(viii) यह एक शजम्मेवार सरकार होती है ।
(ix) यह एक वैि सरकार होती है ।
(x) यह सामाशजक शवशविता में सामंजस् करता है ।
(xi) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु।
बकन्ी ं पाँच ब न्दु ओ ं की व्याख्या अपेबक्षत है |

33 (क) “बिबनमािण उद्योि बकसी दे श के आबथिक बिकास की री़ि समझे जाते हैं |” इस 58 G 5X1=5
कथन को न्यायसंित ठहराइए |
(i) शकसी दे ि की आशथाक उन्नशत शवशनमाा र् उद्योगों के शवकास से मापी जाती है |
(ii) शवशनमाा र् उद्योग कृशर् के आिुशनकीकरर् में सहायक हैं |
(iii) ये शद्वतीयक व तृतीयक सेवाओं में रोजगार उपलब्ध करवाते हैं ।
(iv) दे ि में औद्योशगक शवकास बेरोजगारी तथा गरीबी उन्मूलन की एक आवश्यक िता
है ।
(v) शनशमात वस्तुओं का शनयाा त वाशर्ज्य व्यापार को बढाता है शजससे अपेशक्षत शवदे िी
मुद्रा की राद्धि होती है ।
(vi) वे दे ि ही शवकशसत हैं जो कच्चे माल को शवशभन्न तथा अशिक मूल्यवान तैयार माल
में शवशनशमात करते हैं ।
(vii) जनजातीय तथा शपछड़े क्षेत्रों में उद्योगों की स्थापना का उद्दे श्य भी क्षेत्रीय
असमानताओं को कम करना था |
(viii) कोई अन्य महत्वपूर्ा शबंदु |
बकन्ी ं पांच ब न्दु ओ ं के द्वारा न्यायसंित ठहराना अपेबक्षत है |
 अथिा
(ख)“कृबष तथा उद्योि एक दु सरे के पूरक हैं |” इस कथन को न्यायसंित ठहराइए |
58,59G 5X1=5
(i) कृशर् तथा उद्योग एक दू सरे से पृथक नहीं हैं ये एक दू सरे के पूरक हैं ।
(ii) उदाहरर्ाथा, भारत में कृशर् पर आिाररत उद्योगों ने कृशर् पैदावार बढोतरी को
रोत्साशहत शकया है ।
(iii) ये उद्योग कच्चे माल के शलए कृशर् पर शनभार हैं तथा इनके द्वारा शनशमात उत्पाद
जैसे शसंचाई के शलए पंप, उवारक, कीटनािक दवाएूँ , प्लाद्धिक पाइप मिीनें व
कृशर् औजार आशद कृशर् क्षेत्र को रदान की जाती है ।
(iv) शवशनमाा र् उद्योग के शवकास तथा स्पिाा से न केवल कृशर् उत्पादन को बढावा शमला
है , अशपतु उत्पादन रशक्रया भी सक्षम हुई है ।
(v) आज वैश्वीकरर् के युग में हमारे उद्योगों को अशिक रशतस्पिी तथा सक्षम होने की
आवश्यकता है । इससे कृशर् क्षेत्र की उत्पादकता में बढोतरी होगी |
(vi) कोई अन्य महत्वपूर्ा शबंदु |
बकन्ी ं पांच ब न्दु ओ ं के द्वारा न्यायसंित ठहराना अपेबक्षत है |

खंड ड. 3X4=12

(केस/स्रोत-आिाररत प्रश्न)
34 बदए िए स्रोत को पब़िए और उसके नीचे बदए िए प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीबजए: 26 P
ब्राजील का एक प्रयोि
ब्राजील के शहर पोतो एलग्रे ने बिकेंद्रीकरण और नािररकों की सबिय भािीदारी िाले
लोकतंत् के मेल का एक बिलक्षण प्रयोि बकया है । इस शहर के निर पररषद के
समांतर एक संिठन खडा बकया िया और अपने शहर के ारे में िास्तबिक फैसले
करने का अबिकार स्थानीय बनिाबसयों को बदया िया है । इस शहर के करी 13
लाख लोि अपने शहर का जट तैयार करने में भािीदारी करते हैं । शहर को अनेक
उप-क्षेत्ों में ाँटा िया है । लिभि िैसे ही बजन्ें हम िाडि कहते हैं । हर उप-क्षेत् की
अपनी-अपनी ैठक होती है बजसका स्वरूप ग्राम सभा की तरह है और इसमें उस
इलाके के सभी नािररक भाि ले सकते हैं । बिर, कुछ ैठकें पूरे शहर को प्रभाबित
करने िाले मुद्ों पर होती हैं और उसमें शहर का कोई भी नािररक भाि ले सकता है ।
इसमें शहर के जट पर चचाि होती है । इसके ाद इन प्रस्तािों को निरपाबलका के
सामने पेश बकया जाता है जो अंबतम फैसला लेती है ।
 (34.1) 'सहभािी लोकतंत्' के अथि को स्पि कीबजए । 1
(i) भागीदारी लोकतंत्र का अथा है शनर्ाय लेने की रशक्रया में नागररकों की भागीदारी या
रत्यक्ष संलग्नता।
1
(34.2) शन्त्रक्तयों के ँटिारे के संदभि में , बदया िया उदाहरण बकस प्रकार की शासन
प्रणाली को पररभाबषत करता है ?
(i) स्थानीय स्व-िासन
(34.3) ब्राजील के उपयुिक्त उदाहरण से लिभि बमलती-जुलती भारत की व्यिस्था के
2
िठन का िणिन कीबजए ।
(i) स्थानीय स्विासन- पंचायती राज, नगरपाशलका और नगर शनगम।
(ii) सभी स्थानीय स्विासन शनकाय का चुनाव लोगों के द्वारा चुना जाता है ।
(iii) ग्राम पंचायत के अंतगात ग्राम सभा में उस क्षेत्र के लोग सीिे भाग लेते हैं ।
(iv) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु |
बकन्ी ं दो ब न्दु ओ ं का िणिन अपेबक्षत है |
35 बदए िए स्रोत को पब़िए और उसके नीचे बदए िए प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीबजए: 47 E
सहकारी सबमबतयों से ऋण
ैंकों के अलािा ग्रामीण क्षेत्ों में सस्ते ऋण का एक अन्य प्रमुख स्रोत सहकारी
सबमबतयाँ हैं । सहकारी सबमबत के सदस्य अपने संसािनों को कुछ क्षेत्ों में सहयोि
के बलए एकत् करते हैं । कई प्रकार की सहकारी सबमबतयाँ संभि है , जैसे – बकसानों,
ुनकरों एिं औद्योबिक मजदू रों इत्याबद की सहकारी सबमबतयाँ । कृषक सहकारी
सबमबत सोनपुर के नजदीक एक िाँि में काम करती है । इसके 2300 बकसान सदस्य
हैं । यह अपने सदस्यों से जमा प्राप्त करती है । इस जमा पूँजी को ऋणािार मान हुए,
इस सहकारी सबमबत ने ैंक से डा ऋण प्राप्त बकया है । इस पूँजी का इस्तेमाल
सदस्यों को कजि दे ने के बलए बकया जाता है । यह ऋण लौटाने के ाद कजि का दू सरा
दौर शुरू बकया जा सकता है ।
कृषक सहकारी सबमबत कृबष उपकरण खरीदने , खेती तथा कृबष व्यापार करने, मछली
पकडने, घर नाने और अन्य बिबभन्न प्रकार के ख़चों के बलए ऋण मुहैया कराती है ।
(35.1) सहकारी सबमबतयाँ ऋण के बकस स्रोत के अंतिित आती हैं ?
1
(i) ऋर् का औपचाररक स्रोत
½+½= 1
(35.2) सहकारी सबमबतयों की पूँजी के बकन्ी ं दो स्रोतों का उल्लेख कीबजए ।
(i) सहकारी सशमशत के सदस्ों से जमा
 (ii) जमा को ऋर्Iिार के रूप में लेकर सहकारी सशमशतयाूँ बैंकों से बड़ा ऋर् राि
करते हैं ।
(iii) सहकारी सशमशतयों द्वारा शदए गए ऋर् पर अशजात ब्याज।
(iv) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु।
बकन्ी ं दो ब न्दु ओ ं का उल्लेख अपेबक्षत है |
(35.3) बकसानों की आय िृन्त्रद्ध में सहकारी सबमबतयों की भूबमका को स्पि कीबजए ।
2
(i) सहकारी सशमशतयाूँ कम ब्याज दरों पर ऋर् रदान करती हैं , शजसका उपयोग
फसल उत्पादन बढाने के शलए शकया जा सकता है ।
(ii) वे जमा पर भी ब्याज दे ती हैं । यह शकसानों के शलए छोटी बचत की आदतों को
बढावा दे ता है ।
(iii) सहकारी सशमशतयाूँ शवशभन्न िचों के शलए ऋर् रदान करती हैं जैसे कृशर् उपकरर्ों
की िरीद, मत्स्य ऋर् आशद, जो शकसानों की आय बढाने में सहायक होते हैं ।
(iv) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु|
बकन्ी ं दो ब न्दु ओ ं की व्याख्या अपेबक्षत है |

36 बदए िए स्रोत को पब़िए और उसके नीचे बदए िए प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीबजए: 127 H
बप्रंट और प्रबत ंि
मुबद्रत शब्द की ताकत का अंदाजा अकसर सरकार द्वारा उसको बनयंबत्त करने की
कोबशशों से बमलता है । भारत में औपबनिेबशक प्रशासन हमेशा तमाम बकता ों और
पत्-पबत्काओं पर नजर रखता था तथा प्रेस पर बनयंत्ण रखने के बलए हुत से कानून
पाररत करता था ।
पहले बिश्व युद्ध के दौरान, भारतीय रक्षा बनयम के तहत, 22 अख़ ारों को जमानत
दे नी पडी थी । इनमें से 18 ने सरकारी आदे श मानने की जिह खुद को ंद कर दे ना
उबचत समझा। रॉलट के अिीन कायिरत षड्यंत् सबमबत ने 1919 में बिबभन्न अख़ ारों
के बख़लाि जुमािना आबद कारि िाइयों को और सख़्त ना बदया । बद्वतीय बिश्व युद्ध की
शुरुआत पर, भारतीय रक्षा अबिबनयम पाररत बकया िया, युद्ध-सं ंिी बिषयों को सें सर
बकया जा सके। भारत छोडो आं दोलन से जुडी तमाम रपटें इसी के तहत सेंसर होती
थी ं। अिस्त 1942 में तकरी न 90 अख़ ारों का दमन बकया िया।
(36.1) 'सेंसर' का अथि स्पि कीबजए ।
1
(i) सेंसर का मतलब है सभी रकाशित पुस्तकों और समाचार पत्रों पर नज़र रिना ।
 (ii) इसका मतलब है सरकार की नीशतयों की आलोचना करने वाली पुस्तकों और
समाचार पत्रों के रकािन को शनयंशत्रत करना।
(iii) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु।
बकसी एक ब ंदु की व्याख्या अपेबक्षत है |
(36.2) औपबनिेबशक प्रशासन बकता ों और पत्-पबत्काओं पर क्ों नजर रखता 1
था?
(i) कई शकताबें और समाचार पत्र अंग्रेजों के कुरिासन की आलोचना कर रहे थे
और राष्ट्रीयता की गशतशवशियों को रोत्साशहत कर रहे थे।
(ii) दे सी रेस राष्ट्रवाद का मुिर समथान कर रहे थे ।
(iii) औपशनवेशिक िासकों ने शकताबों और समाचार पत्रों पर नज़र रिी क्ोंशक
सरकार रेस को दबाना चाहती थी और रेस को शनयंशत्रत करने के शलए कई
कानून पास शकए।
(iv) इन पुस्तकों और समाचारपत्रों से भारतीयों के मध्य एकता की भावना शवकशसत
हो रही थी |
(v) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु।
बकसी एक ब ंदु की व्याख्या अपेबक्षत है |
(36.3) िाँिीजी ने रॉलट एक्ट के बिरुद्ध दे शव्यापी सत्याग्रह क्ों शुरू बकया? बकन्ी ं 2
दो कारणों को स्पि कीबजए।
(i) रॉलेट अशिशनयम ने सरकार को राजनीशतक गशतशवशियों को कुचलने के शलए
अनेक िद्धक्तयाूँ दी थी ।
(ii) इस अशिशनयम ने राजनीशतक कैशदयों को शबना मुकदमे के दो साल तक जेल में
रिने की अनुमशत दी थी ।
(iii) कोई अन्य रासंशगक शबंदु।
बकन्ी ं दो ब न्दु ओ ं की व्याख्या अपेबक्षत है |
 खंड च (2+3=5)

(मानबचत् कौशल-आिाररत प्रश्न)

37 (क) भारत के शदए गए राजनीशतक रे िा-मानशचत्र (पृष्ठ 27 पर), में दो स्थानों को ‘A’और ‘B’ 2x1=2
के रूप में अंशकत शकया गया है | शनम्नशलद्धित जानकारी की सहायता से उन्हें पहचाशनए
और उनके सही नाम उनके समीप िींची गयी रे िाओं पर शलद्धिए :
A. वह स्थान जहाूँ 1920 में भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कां ग्रेस का अशिवेिन हुआ था |
नािपुर
B. वह स्थान जहाूँ से गाूँ िीजी ने दां िी माचा की िुरुआत की थी |
सा रमती
नोट: शनम्नशलद्धित रश्न केवल दृबि ाबित परीक्षाबथियों के शलए रश्न संख्या 37 (क) के स्थान 2x1=2
पर है |
(क)(i) उस स्थान का नाम शलद्धिए जहाूँ 1920 में भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कां ग्रेस का अशिवेिन
हुआ था |
नािपुर/कोलकाता (कलकत्ता)
(ii) उस स्थान का नाम शलद्धिए जहाूँ से गां िीजी ने दां िी माचा की िुरुआत की थी |
सा रमती

(ि) भारत के इसी राजनीशतक रे िा-मानशचत्र में, शनम्नशलद्धित में से शकन्हीं तीन को उपयुक्त
3x1=3
शचन्हों से दिाा इए और उसके नाम शलद्धिए :
(i) जूट उत्पादन में अग्रर्ी राज्य-पबिम ंिाल
(ii) गुजरात में द्धस्थत परमार्ु उजाा संयंत्र-काकरापारा
(iii) झारिण्ड में द्धस्थत रमुि लौह इस्पात संयंत्र - ोकारो/जमशेदपुर
(iv) श्री गुरु राम दास जी अंतराष्ट्रीय वायु पिन -अमृतसर
उत्तर के बलए कृपया सलंग्न मानबचत् दे खें |
नोट : शनम्नशलद्धित रश्न केवल दृबि ाबित परीक्षाबथियों के शलए रश्न संख्या 37 (ख ) के
स्थान पर है |
(ि) शकन्हीं तीन रश्नों के उिर दीशजए |
3x1=3
(i) जूट उत्पादन में अग्रर्ी राज्य का नाम शलद्धिए |
पबिम ंिाल
(ii) उस स्थान का नाम शलद्धिए जहाूँ गुजरात में परमार्ु उजाा सयंत्र द्धस्थत है |
काकरापारा
(iii) उस स्थान का नाम शलद्धिए जहाूँ झारिण्ड में लौह-इस्पात संयंत्र द्धस्थत है |
ोकारो/जमशेदपुर
(iv) उस स्थान का नाम शलद्धिए जहाूँ श्री गुरु राम दास जी अंतरााष्ट्रीय वायु पिन द्धस्थत
है |
अमृतसर