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39 views15 pagesComputer Network Class 8 Chapter 1
The document discusses computer networks, highlighting their importance in data sharing and communication among interconnected computers. It outlines various types of networks such as PAN, LAN, MAN, and WAN, and explains their uses in settings like schools for resource sharing and centralized administration. Additionally, it covers communication technologies, including wired and wireless methods, and different network topologies like bus and tree topology.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
39 views15 pagesComputer Network Class 8 Chapter 1
The document discusses computer networks, highlighting their importance in data sharing and communication among interconnected computers. It outlines various types of networks such as PAN, LAN, MAN, and WAN, and explains their uses in settings like schools for resource sharing and centralized administration. Additionally, it covers communication technologies, including wired and wireless methods, and different network topologies like bus and tree topology.
Uploaded by
TwinkleCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 15
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Computer
Networks
Computers are used to store large amount of data.
The data or information stored on different computers
can be exchanged with the help of computer network.
For example, in a school, different information about
students such as their marks, fee or personal details are
stored in different computer systems because different
departments handle different types of work. Sometimes,
the information is required to be shared among different
departments. For example, when the fee department has
to send the fee details of a student to his parents, then the
address information can be obtained from the personal
information department. Thus, to share information a
computer network is required.
Fight
‘ mm... network is a system where computers are
interconnected to share information. Different kinds a
USES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
Computers can be interconnected to perform the following tasks:
© Communication: We use computer network to exchange information with
far apart. People can communicate at very low cost via e-mail, messages, yj
calls, video conferencing, etc.
© Resource sharing: Resources such as} printersand scanners, canbe connected to .
network and can be used by all the computer systems connected to the network Py
© High reliability: The copy ofa document can be replicated on multiple machine.
‘one of the systems is not available due to hardware failure or any other reason,
stored on other computers could be used. :
© Centralised support and ‘Administration: A computer network centralises admini
‘of computer systems within the same network. Stration
| TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
Computers are connected with each other to form a computer network. Such networ|
formed between the computers in a same building or those which are miles apart
other. Depending upon the distance, the networks are classified into the following
«PAN (Personal Area Network)
«LAN (Local Area Network)
* MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
«WAN (Wide Area Network)
People j
Ce cals,
S, SQ that}
the cop
Ks can be
from cag
types:
around an individual person. It isused for data transmissig,
such as computers, telephones, ablets and laptops The
|or a wireless connection. The range of PANsis ‘We can use the following devices on a LAN:
File servers
The computers which can store a large amount of data and files are called f
ers. These
data and files can be used by other computers on the LAN.
Print servers
One or more printers can be attached to computers onaLAN and these can be used by different
users on the LAN. Some printers have special interfaces that accept Print command from the
users and allocate them to the appropriate printers. These are called print servers.
Uses of LAN in schools
Ina school, several computers on the network can use LAN as follows:
* Share resources like printers and scanners
¢ Communicate using E-mails
* Certain programs, like the library database can be centralised
Information of students and teachers can be stored and centralised
¢ Conduct online tests
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
Metropolitan Area Networks (MANS) are larger computer networks usually spanning a city.
For example, there are many colleges in the Delhi University. The individual LANs of these
colleges can be merged to form a MAN. The range of MAN is up toa few kilometres. WAN (Wide Area Network)
Wide Area Network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a larger g copra
than MAN. It may span across cities, countries, or continents. It enables the eptical
speedy exchange of information across long distances. ficient
Fig 1.4
Thus to summarize computer networks, computers within a school are connected thro
TAN, while branches of the same school within a city are connected through MAN, x
finally, the branches of the same school in different cities within a country are connec
through WAN.
Multiple erconnected to form a WAN. Such interconnections are
withioube s, rave lit or radio links. These wll be disease
later in the ? the network only through the server, The server manages all the resources in the network and
provides them to the clients,
CLIENT-SERVER NETWORK
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a ~~ SERVER,
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Peer-to-Peer Network
In a peer-to-peer network, all computers are considered equal. All the computers have the
same abilities to use the resources available on the network. There is no central server, each
computer in the network can act both as a server or as a client.
PEER-TO-PEER (P2P) NETWORK Vy be8 tA Nepudigien
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© Tree Tognitopy
a f he tepicilerpion ei the a
FW nents y re cme 1d We treed cventstives (cot preter erie ea at he
the comyoaters on the network are connected ty acentyal deter or
| able In a tat netwcth, dot
Facts compute ie comemetedd ter the bul using, 4 /
the thidts Deere cotstinvaing, te ite destination [he Jaits manages aid controls all).
1d et tetova Bus topology
Bus Topology is a multipoint topology. In this topology, the node (i.e. computers, peripherals,
file servers, etc.) are connected through a shared communication line and this communication
line is called a bus, In bus topology, there is a terminator at each end of the cable.
File Server
Fig 1.8 Bus Topology
Advantages of a bus topology
¢ Requires less cable than star topology
* Easy to extend, ie. anode can be added to the network without any problem
* Typically, the cheapest topology to implement
¢ Failure of one work station or computer does not affect other systems Tree topology
A tree topology shows a combination of characteristics of bus and star to,
topology is also called a hierarchical or star of stars topology. In this topolo,
connected in groups of star networks that
controls the network.
Advantages of tree topology
Polopie,
BY, the py,
Ot nog.
branch out froma single root. The ,
Easy to extend, new users can be added by simply adding a new hub
Easy to manage as the root node provides centralized management and MOnitorin,
'
it node breaks down the wh Toknow the IP address of any website, open the command prompt by selecting
Run — type cmd ~ type ping
Example:
When you type “ping google.co.in’, you will see the IP address.
mn :
Asmall and independent company has an owner, a manager, an administrative officer and
five workers. There is only one printer connected to the manager’s computer and all other
staff members need to ask the manger when they want to take printouts. Design and make
a model of a network topology so that all the staff members can access the printer from
; their computers. Also label the names of computers of these staff members in the model.
eS
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
Data transmission is the transfer of any Kind of information from one place to another. Going
back to history, this was done by courier, and later by Morse code using wires.
In moder computer terms, it means sending a stream of bits or bytes from one location
‘to another using the latest available technologies, These technologies include floppy disc,
copper wire, optical fibre, radio signals, infrared link or bluetooth link. Depending upon the
method to transfer data, data transmission technol categorized into two types —
ion and wireless communication. Twisted pair cable
Twisted pair cable is a type of wired communication
Medium which consists of two insulated copper
wires. The two wires are twisted together, hence the
Name twisted pair cable. Out of the two wires one is
uused to carry the signal while the other is used 2s 2
ground.
Coaxial cable
Coanial cable, often simply called coax, is a thick
black cable that usually cable TV companies install.
If you need to bring a TV signal from an antenna Fatian
to your house, set up a computer network in your : ;
home, or connect cable TV ora cable modem, certainly you will be working with coaxia| cable
Coaxial cable consists of a copper wire surrounded by an insulating material, which js in 4,
surrounded by an outer conductor of raided metal mesh, and enclosed in an outer ae
Plastic insulat of medium available to send data from one place to another. The use of a wireless me
depends upon the distance of data transmission and the speed required. Some of the wireless
media are infrared, radio link, microwave link, satellite ink, etc
Wireless communication medium
The wireless communicatio,
n media are further categorized into two types — short range
communication and long r.
ange communication.
r —
| ShortRange Examples: infrared,
| Communication bluetooth, etc
Cd)
—
LongRange i Examples: Radio link,
Communication {microwave link, satellite link
Amaia ct tall
Short Range Communication
Infrared
Infrared waves are used for communication between the devices close to each other. Infrared
uses pulses of non-visible light to communicate between the two devices, such as a remote
control to a television or DVD player.
Most of the mobile phones available in the market use infrared technology to transfer the data
from mobile to mobile or from mobile to computer or vice-versa.
Some drawbacks of infrared technology are —
* There should not be any physical obstruction between the two devices involved in data
transmission process.
. Infrared technology operates only between two devices at a time. An infrared remote
control unit cannot communicate with the DVD player while it is signaling the TV.
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a wireless technology used for connecting devices. It uses radio frequencies
to transmit information short distances generally 33 feet (10 metres) or less. Wit —lc
Bee eesehagy eres ie hens frond due to
waves © send iniemabon, The drueteth chology
‘several devices at one time.
Long Range Transmission
Radko nk
Rado waves can travel keg diane in all di
any absade. bie a wall o¢ 2 buikling. Sa RY OT
ic ea
Radio weaves travel at ditierent frequencies (fow and high). At low frequency
eect arc cn prs acugh cbsaroction. Aish Frequency rio waves
Fre A cremnon cuzmnple of radi waves for communication & the FM.
be used for indoor
Micrpacve fink
Microwave commanication is used for long-distance telephonic communication
communication ek. NScrowaves travel ina straight line, and unlike radio waves, mi
can ct pas thoegh obstades well x
Satelite Ink
SaneTSaes are placed above:
seater: on Be Exch and rast
Sa lan fe
the Barth’s surface. They receive dats from
them to ancther Stations. Satellite
Large ammount of data This data or information stored on gi
‘with the help of a computer network. ithe, ‘ etween a TY and a remate
are used for short range communication, such as between a TV
Bluetooth uses radio frequen
a es Gf generally 99
i to transmit information over short distances of generally
0 wetres) or less,
sily pass through any obstacle,
Radio wavescan travel Jong distance in all directions, They can easily pass through a y sous
{ike a wall or a building, so, they can be used for indoor as well as outdoor comInu
Microwave communication
is used for long-distance telephonic communication and cell
phone communication,
. Ql v diffi t
Satelite communication is especially used for those remote locations which are ltticull 0
reach with a traditional wired infrastructure.
wom Can be used for communication and resource sharing.
refers tothe configuration of cables, computers, and thet peripherals in
i. ” ee q D. Choose the correct option.
1. This network is organized around an individual perro”
b, MAN
w
»
a. LAN
& WAN d, PAN
. In this topology, all the devices are connected to a central hub
4. Star Topology b. Bus Topology
. Tree Topology d. None of these
|. Itis a multipoint topology
a. Star Topology b, Bus Topology
¢. Tree Topology d, None of these
|. Data can be transferred through
a, Only wired medium. b, Only wireless medium
¢. Both (a) and (b) d, None of these
This cable consists of a core that is made of glass or plastic
‘a, Twisted pair cable b. Coaxial cable
¢. Fibre optic cable d, Ethernet cable
d for data transmission?
joptical fibre over other wing
= SUT 7
1, Make a PowerPoint presentation on different types of topologies. Bac
2, Make PowerPoint presentation on wired and wireless communication medium.
;