1.
Introduction to Questioned Documents
- Nature and problems of document examination
- Classification of documents
- Various types of documents
- Holographic documents and their handling
- Preservation and marking of documents
- Preliminary examination of documents
- Instruments and materials used to prepare documents
- Basic tools needed for forensic document examination and their use
- Decipherment of:
- - Secret documents
- - Indented documents
- - Charred documents
2. Handwriting
- Basis of handwriting identification
- Individuality of handwriting
- Natural variations in handwriting
- Various writing features and their estimation
- General characteristics of handwriting
- Individual characteristics of handwriting
- Procurement of:
- - Suspected/questioned writings
- - Standard/admitted writings
- - Specimen writings
- Process of handwriting comparison
- Disguised writing and anonymous letters
- Identification of writer
- Opinion writing:
- - Format
- - Reasons for opinion
3. Methods of Forgery
- Examination of signatures:
- - Characteristics of genuine signatures
- - Characteristics of forged signatures
- Forgeries and their detection
- Types of forgeries and methods of detection
- Examination of:
- - Alterations
- - Erasures
- - Overwriting
- - Addition and obliteration
- Detection of:
- - Color Xeroxed copies
- - Carbon copies
- - Built-up documents
- Determination of:
- - Sequence of strokes
- Physical matching of documents
- Examination of:
- - Seals
- - Stamps
- - Other mechanical impressions
4. Examination of Type Writings and Other Printed Documents
- Identification of type writings
- Identification of typewriters
- Examination of typescripts
- Identification of printed matter
- Examination of computer printouts
- Identification of:
- - Dot-matrix printers
- - Inkjet printers
- - Laser printers
- Various types of printing processes
- Printing of security documents
- Examination of security documents like:
- - Currency notes
- - Credit cards
- - Passports
- - Visas
5. Advancements in Questioned Documents
- Determination of:
- - Age of documents
- - Age of signatures
- Examination of:
- - Ink and writing
- - Signatures
- Forensic stylistics
- Forensic linguistics
- Digital signature analysis
- Examination of paper
- Examination of ink by:
- - Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
- - Spectrophotometry