Study Notes on Pronouns with Examples

Definition: A pronoun replaces a noun in a sentence to avoid repetition. Example: Aslam does
all of his work himself. He never avoids hard work.

1. Pronoun Cases (with 6 examples each)

I. Subjective Case – Used when pronoun acts as subject.
 He studies hard every day.
 I am learning English.
 She plays the piano.
 They are reading a novel.
 We will visit Lahore.
 You should come earlier.
II. Objective Case – Used when pronoun is object of verb or preposition.
 She called him.
 The teacher praised me.
 We saw them at the park.
 He gave her a book.
 I spoke to you.
 They waited for us.
III. Possessive Case – Shows ownership or possession.
 This is my bag.
 That pen is hers.
 Their house is big.
 Our class starts at 8.
 His shoes are new.
 Your idea is excellent.
IV. Dative Case – Used as indirect object.
 She gave me a gift.
 He sent us a letter.
 I made him a cake.
 They offered her a seat.
 We bought you a present.
 I told them a story.
V. Vocative Case – Used to address someone.
 You, come here!
 Sir, please sit down.
 Madam, may I help you?
 Friends, let's work hard!
 Boys, stop talking.
 Children, be quiet.

2. Use of Subjective and Objective Cases

I. After is, am, are, was, were (use Subjective):
 It is I who knocked.
 It was he at the door.
  It is we who won.
 It was she who sang.
 It is they we need.
 It is you who helped.
II. After Than/As (subject compared):
 She is taller than I (am).
 He is as intelligent as I (am).
 They are stronger than we (are).
 She sings better than he (does).
 He works harder than I.
 I am as capable as she.
III. Than/As (object compared):
 He likes you more than me.
 She trusts him more than her.
 They invited you more than us.
 He respects them more than me.
 She loves her more than me.
 I admire him more than her.
IV. Than/As followed by both/all (use Objective):
 He called both him and me.
 She greeted all of them and us.
 They invited both her and you.
 I met all of him and her.
 He chose both us and them.
 They thanked all of me and her.
V. After main verbs (use Objective):
 He saw me.
 I heard them.
 She met him.
 They welcomed us.
 We hugged her.
 You invited them.
VI. After prepositions (use Objective):
 She sat beside me.
 The gift is from him.
 They walked with us.
 He came after you.
 This is for her.
 She stood near them.
Note: If prepositions act as conjunctions, use Subjective:
 After we left, he cried.
 Since you arrived, he is happy.
 But I tried, nothing helped.
 For she had no choice, she stayed.
 Since he came, I left.
 But they insisted, I agreed.
3. Order of Pronouns
I. For good deeds (You, he, and I):
 You, he, and I cleaned the room.
 You, he, and I finished the project.
 You, he, and I helped her.
 You, he, and I were praised.
 You, he, and I won the match.
 You, he, and I planted trees.
II. For bad deeds (I, he, and you):
 I, he, and you broke the vase.
 I, he, and you forgot the meeting.
 I, he, and you came late.
 I, he, and you disobeyed.
 I, he, and you made noise.
 I, he, and you lost the key.
III. Plural order: We, you, and they
 We, you, and they went together.
 We, you, and they attended the event.
 We, you, and they won the competition.
 We, you, and they helped the poor.
 We, you, and they played well.
 We, you, and they cleaned the park.

4. Pronouns Joined by 'And'

Plural Verb:
 He and I are friends.
 You and she work hard.
 They and we played.
 Aslam and I went there.
 He and you helped.
 I and she arrived early.
Possessive Pronoun (first person preferred):
 You and I should bring our books.
 He and I did our best.
 You and he finished their work.
 I and you completed our task.
 He and you showed your talent.
 I and he managed our time.

5. Order of Pronouns (Standard Combinations)

 You and I are ready.
 You and he are invited.
 He and I arrived first.
 You and I discussed it.
 He and I agree.
  You and he won the race.

6. Indefinite Adjectives + Pronouns with 'And'

 Every boy and every girl is doing her work.
 Every student and every teacher is ready.
 Every leaf and every flower is fresh.
 Every man and every woman is excited.
 Every bird and every nest is safe.
 Every line and every page is neat.

7. Noun and Pronoun Joined with 'And'

 Aslam and you are welcome.
 Sara and I made it.
 Ali and he are brothers.
 She and Aslam were present.
 You and I enjoyed it.
 My brother and I went there.

8. Reflexive Pronouns (Used as Objects)

 She blamed herself.
 He introduced himself.
 I hurt myself.
 We enjoyed ourselves.
 They helped themselves.
 You deceived yourself.
 He often talks of himself.

9. Emphatic Pronouns
 He himself solved the issue.
 I myself agreed to help.
 She herself cleaned the room.
 We ourselves saw the accident.
 They themselves admitted guilt.
 You yourself told me.
10. Indefinite Pronouns (Singular Verb)
 Everyone is present.
 Someone is calling you.
 Nobody knows it.
 Each has a chance.
 Anybody can join.
 One must be honest.
 One must do one’s duty.
11. Distributive Pronouns
Either (for two – positive)
 Either of the books is fine.
 Either road leads home.
 You can take either pen.
 Either choice is good.
 Either boy can come.
 Either shirt fits.
Neither (for two – negative)
 Neither of them came.
 Neither road is safe.
 Neither answer is correct.
 I like neither movie.
 Neither boy passed.
 Neither bag is mine.
Any of (more than two – positive)
 Any of these books is useful.
 Any of the three cars will do.
 Any of the people may go.
 Any of these ideas can help.
 Any of the plans works.
 Any of the girls sings well.
None of (countable/un-countable)
 None of the milk was wasted.
 None of the sugar is left.
 None of the boys were late.
 None of the pens works.
 None of the clothes fits.
 None of the seats is free.
All (countable = plural, uncountable = singular)
 All of the money is spent.
 All of the water is clean.
 All the students are ready.
 All the apples are fresh.
 All the chairs are broken.
 All the food is cooked.

12. Relative Pronouns

Who – for humans
 The man who came is my uncle.
 The girl who sings is Sara.
 He who works hard succeeds.
 The student who passed is Ali.
 Anyone who tries can win.
 The boy who smiled is new.
  He is the man who hates everyone.( The antecedent is the doer of the action)
 He is the man whom everyone hates.( The antecedent is the receiver of the action)

Which( Explains the noun it refers to) – for animals/things

 The book which fell is mine.
 The dog which barked ran away.
 The pen which broke was yours.
 The flower which bloomed faded.
 The song which played was old.
 The box which arrived is sealed.
That(Certifies the noun it refers to) – for things/ideas
 The idea that changed me.
 The book that helped me.
 The car that won the race.
 The painting that impressed all.
 The voice that calmed me.
 The dress that suits you.

That used instead of Who/Which (preferred cases):

 The man and the dog that were lost.
 Something that surprised me.
 The best idea that came.
 Whoever that knows it.
 All that matters is truth.
 The advice that helped me.

13. Uses of "It"

 It is 5 o’clock. (Time)
 It is raining. (Weather)
 It is hard to decide. (Activity)
 It is a cat. (Animal/Object)
 It is important to win. (Provisional Subject)
 It was a great day. (Activity/Event)
Use of "Some"
Some is used in affirmative sentences and polite offers and requests.
Examples:
1. I have some friends in Lahore.
2. She bought some apples from the market.
3. Would you like some tea? (polite offer)
4. I need some help with this assignment.
5. There is some water left in the bottle.
6. Could I borrow some sugar? (polite request)
Use of "Any"
Any is used in negative and interrogative sentences.
Examples:
1. I don’t have any money right now.
2. Do you have any books on history?
3. He didn’t make any mistakes in the test.
4. Are there any students in the library?
5. You can choose any seat in the hall.
6. They didn’t bring any food to the picnic