How To Read An Economics Paper

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How To Read An Economics Paper How To Read An Economics Paper How To Read An Economics Paper How
To Read An Economics PaperHow To Read An Economics Paper How To Read An Economics Paper How To
Read An Economics Paper How To Read An Economics Paper How To Read An Economics Paper
 Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007 Critical Analysis
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY ACT OF NIGERIA 2007: AN
OVERVIEW

BEING

ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED ON PUBLIC FINANCE (BKF 624) (FIRST SEMESTER COURSE

BY

ALAJEKWU UDOKA BERNARD 2008 162 001

MSc PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF BANKING AND FINANCE FACULTY OF

LECTURER: DR. EZEABASILI V. N.

OCTOBER, 2009
Page 1 of 19

ABSTRACT Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007 was designed to regulate and supervise the fiscal
activities of public office holders in the country. This paper critically analyses the effectiveness and
efficiency of the implementation of the Act; the machinery for implementation; the powers and tenor
of the members of the Fiscal Responsibility Board; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The site maintained that the FRA is a fundamental action to attack fiscal inconsistency and
indiscipline from the head to the root. It is noted that the Fiscal Responsibility Act (2007) ...aims to
ensure fiscal accountability, check corruption, monitor the budget processes and call
Page 4 of 19

public officials to order...; it does not appear that there is one final act that should hopefully put the
final nail on financial rascality in government (http://www.budgetmonitoring.org/Spotlights/2007/02
/26/ News11618/).

Nwanma, Vincent, (2007) was of similar view when he asserted that no one expects that it (FRA)
will end high level corruption at a stroke . According to then Anambra State Commissioner for
Finance (2007), Eze Echesie, I don t think any single law can stem or stop fiscal rascality but we
have tried to ensure the elements of consensus building in this bill . Nath Nwabueze, a lecturer in
finance at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri warned that the Fiscal Responsibility Act
would not cure Nigeria s problems of high level corruption and poor budget planning unless it was
properly enforced (Nwanma, Vincent, 2007). At worst, the Act will commit chief executives at all
tiers of government to a set of efficient rules for economic management by providing set standards
for the planning and control of public expenditure instead of leaving it to the whim of either the
president or state governors. The Act
 Heroism, Magic and Retribution in Lord of the Rings and...
Heroism, Magic and Retribution in Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit

A fantasy is an imaginary world where all things imaginable can be brought to life. J.R.R Tolkien
portrayed fantasy through his use of skilled craftsmanship and a vivid imagination, which was
presented in each piece of literature he wrote. In Tolkien s two stories The Hobbit and The Lord of
the Rings we see the theme of fantasy brought to life through three essential elements, heroism,
magic and retribution. Heroism is shown through the character s courage and bravery in situations
where conflict arises and this enables them to be seen in a new light. Magic is a form of
extraordinary power seemingly through a supernatural force; it is used in a combination of combat ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a child this character encountered Smaug for the first time while fleeing the ruination of their
city; now even though Bard was overcome with the fear that every mortal has when they are near
one of these tremendous beasts, he was determined to stand his ground due to the love he had for
their small town. He was able to accomplish this impossible task because a small thrush perched
on his shoulder and told him of the one weak spot of the dragon, the hollow of its left breast. Bard
then inflicted death upon the terrible Smaug with his last arrow and was nearly killed himself by the
tremendous weight of the beast in the process, but he jumped out of the way and into the water just
in the nick of time. With a shriek that deafened man, felled trees and split stone, Smaug shot spouting
into the air, turned over and crashed down from high in ruin. (229)

A character that displays the traits of heroism is one who overcomes the odds through the use of
unique and valuable qualities; this remains just as true in The Lord of the Rings as it does in The
Hobbit. One truly heroic act occurred when Gandalf the Great, determined to defend the
fellowship took on a Balrog, this huge, bat like source of evil stood on the bridge to freedom and
did battle with the poor mage. Gandalf, stricken with fear caused the bridge to collapse and with it
fell the Balrog. However, with one last effort
 Tablets And Online Textbooks Vs. Traditional Textbooks
Financially, it is more beneficial for districts to purchase tablets and online textbooks compared to
traditional textbooks. In order to use school budgets most efficiently, it is vital that funds are
directed towards the most resourceful items for the students. As the state funding for public schools
decreases, this becomes a more prominent concern. Tablets provide a simple fix to the need of a
modern, cost saving solution. According to one resource, the average textbookcosts $70 each, verse
a 6 year subscription that costs between $38 $55 for an online textbook (Elliot, 2013). This
shows that online textbooks are more cost effective, not only in the long run, but at the time of
purchase. The online versions of textbooks are less expensive because there is not physical
material being purchased, whereas traditional textbooks require paper and ink to be produced.
Simply using the tablets for textbooks alone will save districts approximately $15 32 each time a
textbook is purchased. For example, tablets cost between $200 and $600 per student, and provide
a plethora of resources (DeNeen, 2012). Although this cost may seem like a lot up front, if the
amenities are taken into consideration, it is more cost effective. For example, a camera alone
would cost only a small amount less than a full tablet that includes a camera which could be used to
document class projects or experiments for later reference. Tablets are also equipped with free
calculators, allowing school
 Write An Essay On The Event In Las Vegas
When a human life is taken unexpectedly it s unfortunate; when 58 people are murdered and 489
others wounded then it is a cataclysmic disaster. This is exactly what happened on what was
meant to be a fun filled night in Las Vegas the evening of October 1, 2017. Thousands gathered in
the Sin City to enjoy an outdoor concert when fire opened unexpectedly on all those innocent lives.
I distinctly remember waking up the following morning, turning on the news to reveal the carnage,
and feeling a sense of despair at the atrocity that took place and lives taken because of one
deranged man. At first, accurate news was reported as the details of the mass murder unfolded. Soon
after, accurate news was jumbling with fake news such as there was... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Most major sites have expertise in the area they talk about and will back up their claims with
quotes from highly regarded professionals. As a result of the heavy social media usage among the
upcoming generation combined with the fact that large quantities of people gather their
information from these social media sites, it is imperative that the issue of fake news is
addressed. The social media platform is the ideal breeding grounds for fake news since
information can be spread with the click of a button with little to no fact checking. The reader
must remember that fake news exists solely to provoke a response and if the material seems
outlandish or impractical, then it probably is. One way to address the growing problem is to
question what we read. We should get in the habit of comparing the information provided to other
sources to see if the facts line up. Also, Melissa Zimdars offers solid advice by assessing the domain.
Information from washigntonpost.com.co, NBCnews.com.co. ABCnews.com.co,
UnderGroundNewsReport.com, nationalreport.net, and many others are fake news. Lastly,
becoming aware with the more common fake news sites is another way to combat spreading of
fake news. By doing so, one can start reporting the fake news to the social media administrator and
blocking further information from those sites. If we can all make an effort to question the sources
and information we read then we can take the
 Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe
What would you sell your soul for? A question Faustus had to ask when he wanted to gain more than
just knowledge. England during the 1550 s had gone through many changes with religion, leaving
the people unsure of what they wanted. When Elizabeth finally claimed throne and stayed Queen for
a forty five year reign, there were stable religious changes. For an escape and way of entertainment,
society would attend plays. Due to the changing events during the Elizabethan era, plays were a stress
reliever for the people such as the play Doctor Faustus; written by Christopher Marlowewho was also
dealing with his own religious problems symbolizing the life of Elizabethan times.
England had four different rulers take the throne within a twenty year span. Henry VIII ruled in
1509, being well known for having married six wives and wanting to produce a male heir
(Singman 1). Henry wanted a divorce; he asked for the pope to help him and ended in rejection.
Henry was angry resulting in his passing of legislation that separated him from the Roman
Catholic Church (Singman 1). After his third wife gave birth to Edward VI, she died. In 1547,
after his father s death, Edward took throne under age advised by guardians. He died before he
came of age to rule on his own. (Singman 2). The next oldest child was Mary, an extreme Catholic.
She reunited England with the Catholic Church; that soon changed after she died in 1558 after her
short ruling (Singman 2). The outcomes of her ruling were
 Augustine s Lust
In book II, Augustine begins with a deep confession of his sexual desires in his youth. He is eager
to seek for erotic pleasure through his adolescence, as he says I ran wild in the shadowy jungle of
erotic adventures (p.24, i(I)). As Augustine grows up, he starts to realize that the motivation for his
act is to loveand to be loved. However, he struggles between the pleasure of love and the iniquity of
lust because he fails to learn that there should be a constraint between two. He believes that God s
rage and anger is the punishment for his indulgence and makes him suffer from troubles and
unhappiness. When Augustine was sixteen, his father raised funds in order to send him to Carthage
to study. His father was praised because he tried... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He argues that he stole things not because he admired them; instead, he enjoyed the feeling of
committing crime and being evil. He and his friends sneaked into the vineyard to steal pears, and
they throw them to pigs; they did this merely because they enjoyed the excitement of doing things
that were not allowed. Augustine argues that the good spiritual things exist in the world because
God creates them; if a person aims to acquire them, he has to obey the law and cannot apart from
God. However, the world also has attractiveness because of the beauty of inferior things. The
motivation for a crime is that they believe those inferior objects are more attractive, compared with
God s giving. The pears that Augustine and his friend stole was beautiful, tasty, and could bring
them true happiness, but this happiness was not what they were seeking for. Augustine wants to
figure out the reason he acts in this way. He discussed that every desire no matter good or bad is
actually the desire to be like God. For instance, pride relates to being noble, and God has the highest
status among everything; curiosity represents the ambition to acquire the knowledge, and God is the
most intelligent and wise. On the contrary, ignorance and stupidity derives from simplicity and
innocence; however, there is no doubt that God consists the most simplicity and blamelessness.
Idleness shows a desire to obtain quiet life, yet God keeps stable and unchanging forever. Therefore,
Augustine concludes that all acts, including sinful ones, that move away from God s perfection
actually seeks to return to
 Communicator Case Study
Close ArcCatalog and open ArcMap. Load all data to start geocoding. Next symbolize the streets
with the road names. The Jurisdiction polygon file represents Glendale (city itself), Denver (city
and/or county next to Glendale), Arapahoe (Glendale s county name). The Glendale polygon
shapefile represents Glendale, itself. The Etude polygon shapefile is questionable. According to
Colorado data, Etude is a beauty salon that does not exist. Each are named with labeled names,
appropriately. Next test the address locator WkSixLocator . Select find and the select the locations
tab. Under the tab open WkSixLocator locator and type 4600 Leetsdale Dr (grocery location). This
will be the first street we want to match. Now add the address table created, so we can... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Select the locator created and click ok . A dialog box appears. The city and zip code should have
none selected. Only select the street reference to address field. Geocoding options can be
manipulated and changed to reflect your criteria. Once processed, 6 matched exactly, 1 tied and
2 were unmatched. To verify the unmatched, look for attribute value u . In conclusion, geocoding
is a very powerful tool that matches addresses found, to actual, real, precise locations found in the
reference data. The choice of the reference data is essential in the success of the geocoding. It will
affect the accuracy of your results. The most important aspect of the process of geocoding is
having three components. They are the address table, reference data and an address locator. The
address locator is created by have a reference file and a locator style. With geocoding you can
display the address location using the address locator, which is usually a point feature. Once this is
accomplished, the address elements (address name) can be compared against the elements in the
reference file. The geocoding process will construct a table with all matches, un matches and the ties
of these
 Child Labor And The United States
When one hears the term Child Labor , an image of children making low quality clothing in some
dingy third world sweatshop inevitably comes to mind. While this imagery is unfortunately
founded in fact, the third world is not the only area complicit with this heinous practice. Truthfully,
we, as a nation are also guilty of propagating this heinous practice. For over a century, this nation s
youth were subjugated to exploitation and abuse at the hands of captains of industry in the hopes of
extracting every ounce of profit they could. Fortunately, sympathetic individuals recognized the
children s need for advocacy and rose to their defense in the form of organized dissent that appealed
to the highest powers of this country to fight for those who could not fight for themselves. In this
paper, we will look at what exactly child laboris, the circumstances that gave rise to the widespread
acceptance of child labor usage, what working condition these children experienced, and how the
United Stateseventually made its use illegal.
What is Child Labor?
Child labor is historically defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential
and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development (Hansan, 2013). Legally,
to be considered child labor, work must involve at least one of the following characteristics:
1.Violates a nation s minimum age laws
2.Threatens children s physical, mental or emotional well being
3.Involves intolerable
 Nonlawyer Case Summary
Even if a nonlawyer does not hold themselves out as an attorney, they still engage in UPL when
they go beyond copying information in writing from clients for non approved forms, or go
beyond eliciting factual information to assist in completing approved forms, and give advice or
otherwise assist in completing forms that clients rely on. Brumbaugh, 355 So. 2d at 1193 94;
Catarcio, 709 So.2d at 100. In Brumbaugh, the nonlawyer was never a member of the Florida Bar,
nor did she hold herself out as an attorney. Id. at 1193. She advertised her secretarial services for
Do It Yourself type forms. Id. at 1189. The nonlawyer typed up the forms she deemed necessary for
the proceedings, gave detailed instructions and advice on witness testimony, remedies,... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main reason behind not allowing nonlawyers to practice law is to avoid the harm that can
result from their assistance. Sperry, 140 So. 2d at 595. Because of Sycamore s assistance,
Miriam was harmed as she can no longer exercise her remedy of bringing a negligence claim
against her landlord for the same dispute. A nonlawyer engages in UPL when their advice affects
someone s legal rights and their protection requires legal skill and knowledge of the law greater
than a layperson s. Id. at 591. Though Sycamore did not hold himself out as an attorney, he gave
advice regarding Miriam s rights of requesting the landlord to fix the issues at her place, what to
say to the judge and what evidence to bring at the eviction hearing, and conducted legal research
twice. All this required more legal skill and knowledge than a layperson s to protect her rights
because Miriam did not know of any of these rights or how to exercise them before. Even if a
nonlawyer does not hold themselves out as an attorney, they still engage in UPL when they go
beyond eliciting factual information to assist in completing an approved form. Catarcio, 709 So.2d
at 100. Even though in the cases presented the nonlawyers went beyond what Sycamore did, he still
went beyond eliciting factual information because he orally corrected Miriam s omissions and told
her to add a statute he researched. In addition, Sycamore did not complete the disclosure required
 Medicine During The Civil War
During the Civil War, medicine was an important aspect for every soldier due to the fact that
many soldiers had to fight and ended up with injuries also there were many types of illnesses. In
this essay, I will focus on the advance of medicine during the Civil War. Also how the soldiers
and civilians were treated as well as how sanitize their location was, are questions I will try to
answer. Also, I will like to include some of most known causes of deaths during the Civil Warand the
types of diseases that soldiers would come in contact with. Include who was in charge of the
hospitals during the war. I will also include information from letters and documents that the nurse
and doctors wrote while the Civil War was going one and what kind of establishments were created
and the kind of equipment they used in the hospital. Since the period of the Civil War was and is
consider to be the start and growth of the medical industry it is important for me to find out why.
Advances included amputation and the anesthesia inhaler. The surgeon noticed the best way to
save deadly infections was to simply cut off the area quickly as possible. Among the people save
by having and amputation is Daniel E Sickles, the eccentric commander of the Confederate.
Amputations save a large amount of lives than any other procedures also made complex injuries
simpler. To be able to complete these procedures, they would soak chloroform in a handkerchief and
place over their nose but the chloroform would
 Merger And Acquisitions ( M S
2. Literature Review
2.1. Merger and Acquisitions (M A)
M A are often conducted for the strategic advantages that it entails such as improvements in
efficiency, performance as well as synergistic gains (Junior et al, 2013). The potential source of
synergies motivates firms to engage in M A where they believe the value generated from this
strategic combination exceeds the respective individual firm value if they were to operate
independently (Duksaite and Tamosiuniene, 2009).
Synergies are derived from different sources to include revenue enhancement, cost reduction and tax
gains. Revenue enhancement occurs as the combined firm is collectively able to generate larger
revenues compared to their ability as separate, independent firms (Hillier et al, 2013).
Hou et al (2015) stated that the ultimate aim of M A is to gain stronger market power and hence
enhanced competitive position through the elimination of rivals This in effect increases control over
market conditions such as supply and price. Nguyen et al (2012) supported this by highlighting that
increased market power is one of the considerations taken when conducting synergistic acquisitions.
2.1.1. M A Wave
Hou et al (2015) expressed that M A activities rarely occur in isolation, but rather a small number of
M A activities often instigates a surge in M A volume, which eventually subsides to a number of
smaller activities; a pattern resembling features of a wave . Consistent empirical evidence supports
the