Scotland
Blue flag:
-St. Andrew’s flag
-832. AD: Scots vs Northumbrians
Yellow flag:
-Early 12th century
-King William of Scotland
-Should be used only by the Soverign in thir
National symbols:
-St. Andrew
-Thistle-bogáncs
-backpipe
-kilt->skót szoknya
-tartan- skót kocka
-whiskey
-Burns Night- 25 January
-haggis-májashurka féle étel
Scottish Royal Reglia:
-crown
-screptre
-sword
Events:
Act of Union between Scotland and England, Great Britain is created -> 18th century
After the Jacobite uprisings are defeated (two attempts to restore the Scottish Stuarts to
the throne), revenge is taken on the Catholic Highlands and Highland Clans are destroyed ->
18th century
Devolution – transfer of power over domestic affairs from London back to Edinburgh ->
20th century
Irish Scots settle in parts of the country bringing Christianity with them -> 6 th century
Personal Union with England – James Stuart of Scotland inherits the English crown -> 17 th
century
Scotland becomes a protestant country and the Presbyterian Kirk is established -> 16th
century
The Battle of Bannockburn (with the leadership of Robert Bruce) brings Scottish victory
and recognition as an independent kingdom -> 14th century
The beginning of Viking attacks bring the Scots and Picts together -> 9th century
Referendum on the independence of Scotland -> 21 th century
The Highland-Lowland difference deepens -> 12th century
The Hundred Years War and the War of Roses keeps England busy, so Scottish kings can
concentrate on subjugating rebellious clans -> 15th century
The Normans settle in the Lowlands after the invitation of the Canmore dynasty to help
subdue the “uncivilised” Highlanders -> 12th century
The original inhabitants, the Picts live in the country -> 5th century
The rise of the industrial towns and revival of interest in Scottish past. -> 19th century
The Scots conquer the Lowlands defeating the Anglo-Saxons and Margaret introduces
Roman Catholic Christianity replacing the Celtic Christian Church -> 11th century
The War of Independence begins after the Canmore dynasty dies out with the leadership
of William Wallace -> 13th century
Coat of Arms
- Official coat of arms of the King of
Scots from the 12th c. until 1707
- Red rampant lion within a red
double border decorated with
fleur-de-lis (traditionally said to
represent the „auld alliance" with
France) > unlikely, as this alliance
did not come to exist until the
late 13th century. Rather: added
merely to make the arms more distinctive, as the symbol of a rampant lion was
already used by several lords and kings.
- Red lion sitting on the Crown of Scotland (part of Honours of Scotland, the Scottish
Royal Regalia)
- The lion wears the Crown of Scotland and holds both the Sceptre and the Sword of
State.
- Stewart motto: "In Defens", a contraction of ”In My Defens God Me Defend”
- Surrounding the shield is the collar of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the
Thistle (1687). Motto: „No one touches me with inpunity”
- The supporters are two crowned and chained unicorns or a unicorn and a lion
- The compartment features thistles, the national flower of Scotland.
Highlands
- Clan system
- Collective land ownership
- Collective responsibility
- Celtic Christian Church
- Wooden Huts
- Gaelic Language
Lowlands
- Central Government
- Individual land ownership
- Individual responsibility
- Roman Catholic Church
- Stone castles + cathedrals
- Scots
