Fire fighting

Introduction:
Fire is a rapid chemical process producing heat, light, and gases, with potential
for destruction and danger.

NFPA introduction:
The National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA)is a globally recognized nonprofit organization dedicated to
promoting fire and life safety. Through its codes, standards, research,
and education.

 Codes & standards :

Generally codes is going to be define

& we can say that what can be taken?
And codes are taken from standards.

NFPA STANDARDS
 NFPA 10 for Portable Fire Extinguisher
 NFPA 12 FOR Standard on CO2 Fire Extinguisher System
 NFPA 13 for the Installation & Designing of Sprinkler System
 NFPA 20 for the Installation of Stationary Fire Pumps
 NFPA 30 for flammable & Combustible Liquid

Fire triangle:

Fire fighting systems:

 Sprinkler System
 Fire Extinguisher
 Fire Hydrants
 Fire Alarm Systems
 Water Mist System
 Stand Pipe System
 Fire Blankets
 Deluge Valve System

 Fire extinguisher:
 Handheld fire protection device
 It is used in emergency
 It protects the people from fire during early stages
 Its selection is dependent on the classes of fire

(a)
Classes of fire and type of extinguisher used
 Classes examples equipment

Combustible materials Rubber, wood & Water extinguisher

plastic.

Flammable liquids Petrol & diesels Foam extinguisher

Flammable gasses All types of gasses Powder /liquid

extinguisher

Combustible metals Al, Mg, P Any one

Electrical equipment Switches, generators CO2 extinguisher

oils etc. Cooking oils Wet chemicals

(b)

 Fire hydrant:
A fire hydrant, fireplug, or fire cock is a connection point by which
firefighters can tap into a water supply. It is a component of active fire protection.

 Underground connection
 Pressurized water pipe ,
  Municipal or private supply
 HDPE pipe

 Fire blanket system:

A fire blanket is a safety
device designed to extinguish incipient (starting) fires.
It consists of a sheet of a fire retardant material that is
placed over a fire in order to smother it.

 Water mist system:

A water mist system is an advanced fire protection technology that emits a fine water
mist to rapidly cool and suppress fires. This mist reduces oxygen levels, absorbs heat, and
blocks radiant energy, effectively controlling fires while minimizing water damage. It's
particularly suitable for enclosed spaces, sensitive environments, and valuable assets.

 Deluge valve system:

Deluge systems deliver large quantities of water, over a large
area, in a relatively short period of time. They are commonly used in fixed fire protection
systems whose pipe system is empty until the deluge valve distributes pressurized water from
open nozzles or sprinklers.
  Stand pipe system:
It consist of piping and hose connections installed throughout a
building to provide reliable water for the manual suppression of a fire by either the fire department or
trained personnel.

 Sprinkle system:
A sprinkler system consists of pipes along a ceiling that contain
water under pressure, with an additional source of water for a constant flow.

Types:

 Wet Fire Sprinkler System:

o A wet fire sprinkler system is one of the most
common options on the market.
 Dry Fire Sprinkler System.
 o A dry fire sprinkler system is filled with pressurized
air, rather than water. ...

 Pre action Fire Sprinkler System.

Hazards:
 Light hazards
 Ordinary hazards
 Extra ordinary hazards

Sprinkles distribution according to hazards:

 Fire alarm system:

A fire alarm system is an integrated arrangement of devices that
detect and warn about fire, facilitating rapid response and evacuation. It includes sensors,
alarms, and communication components for effective emergency management
Types:
Basically it is divided into four main types which are listed below.

 Conventional alarm system:

 Addressable alarm system:
  Intelligent system:
 Wireless system:

Detectors:
there are several types of detectors commonly used in fire alarm systems:

1. Smoke Detectors
2. Heat Detectors
3. Flame Detectors
4. Gas Detectors
5. Carbon Monoxide Detectors
6. Beam Detectors
7. Aspirating Smoke Detectors
8. Multi-Sensor Detectors

Fire fighting system

Building egress system Fire alarm system fire protection system

smoke control system

Exit access corridor (stairs) Building extraction

Exit. system

detectors

active system passive system

manual: FHR,FE
 structural & build into the building automatic: SPRINKLES
1. fire walls
2. fire barriers 3.fire stops etc.
Pump:
A "pump" can be a mechanical tool that moves fluids through pressure changes, or in
fitness, the temporary muscle enlargement during and after exercise due to increased blood flow.
Types of pumps used in firefighting:
 Jockey pump
 Diesel pump
 Electrical pump

Jockey pump:
A "jockey pump" is a small pump in fire protection systems that maintains a consistent pressure
in the fire sprinkler system. Its primary purpose is to prevent the main fire pump from
frequently starting and stopping.
Components:
o Electric motor,
o pump casing,
o pressure sensing equipment.

Types:
o Electric Jockey Pump,
o Diesel Jockey Pump.

Diesel pump:
A "diesel pump" in firefighting is an emergency backup pump powered by a diesel
engine, used when electrical power fails. It consists of a diesel engine, pump casing, fuel tank,
and control pane.
Types:
o Centrifugal diesel pump
o Reciprocating diesel pump

Parts:
Impeller bearing
Pump casing seals
Inlet/outlet
Electrical pump:
An "electric pump" in firefighting is a pump driven by an electric motor, providing the primary
water supply for firefighting systems. It includes an electric motor, pump casing, impeller, and
control panel.
Types:
o Electrical centrifugal pump
o Vertical turbine fire pump.

Course
Imp point
Classification in term of residency
Active , passive system
Basic considerations
Fire detection system
Building occupancy
Consumption of water
Fire fighting system
Route
Strorage tank capicity
Fire hazard
Code
Fire flow demand
Water flow calculation
Hydraulic sprinkler calculation
Hazard occupancy
Area coverage
Density
Fire suppression system
Integration of system
Fire resistance material selection
NFPA 290
Fire sprinkler system (NFPA-13)
USED CONDITION EQUIPMENT (chapter 16)
Recondition equipment are used in existence system
Used Sprinkler are not used in reconditioning
If sprinkler is removed and then see coating, temperature resistance etc ,if these are not same it
can b not used
In case of moisture, corrosion resistance sprinkler are used , resisted sprinklers are used
In case of plates in sprinklers , if it is painted or locally coated replace it with new plate or
sprinkler because of difference in thermal resistance
Concealed sprinkler in case of fumes
Sprinkler in spray area ,use protection i.e. salophen bag, polyethylene bags, paper bags based
thickness used with thickness
.08mm ,etc.
Material of plate
Escutcheon plate -metallic material with same brand
20F plate resistance temperature
Listed assembly
Never use glue cooking or adhesive material for joining of plate in ceiling
It can make issue in sensing of temperature
Pendant type/ wall mounted sprinkler
Use listed guards ,
Store stock of spare sprinkler
06 to 08, if 1000 are used then 24 can stocked
Same rating sprinkler should be used and stocked