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Operating System LAQs JNTUH R22

The document outlines the essential functions and objectives of an Operating System, including process, memory, file, and I/O management, as well as security and user interface. It details process management activities, CPU scheduling algorithms, deadlock handling methods, memory management techniques like paging and segmentation, and file system interfaces and allocation methods. Each section provides key concepts and examples relevant to the functioning of operating systems.

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144 views2 pages

Operating System LAQs JNTUH R22

The document outlines the essential functions and objectives of an Operating System, including process, memory, file, and I/O management, as well as security and user interface. It details process management activities, CPU scheduling algorithms, deadlock handling methods, memory management techniques like paging and segmentation, and file system interfaces and allocation methods. Each section provides key concepts and examples relevant to the functioning of operating systems.

Uploaded by

afrozeamaan18
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Operating System - Long Answer Questions (JNTUH R22 - CSE 2-2)

1. Explain the functions and objectives of an Operating System.

An Operating System (OS) performs several essential functions:

- Process Management: Schedules processes, handles creation, execution, and termination.

- Memory Management: Allocates memory, supports virtual memory using paging and segmentation.

- File Management: Manages files and directories, supports file access, security, and permissions.

- I/O Management: Manages input/output devices, buffering, and caching.

- Security & Protection: Ensures authentication and secure access to system resources.

- User Interface: Provides GUI and CLI for user interaction.

Objectives include convenience, efficiency, and the ability to evolve with hardware and user needs.

2. Describe process management activities in Operating Systems.

Process management includes:

- Process Lifecycle: States include New, Ready, Running, Waiting, and Terminated.

- Scheduling: Involves long-term, short-term, and medium-term scheduling.

- Context Switching: Saves and restores process state.

- Inter-Process Communication (IPC): Enables processes to communicate via shared memory or message

passing.

- Synchronization: Ensures mutual exclusion using semaphores, monitors, and mutexes.

3. Explain CPU scheduling algorithms with examples.

Common scheduling algorithms:

- FCFS (First-Come-First-Serve): Simple but can lead to long waiting time.

- SJF (Shortest Job First): Minimizes waiting but may cause starvation.

- RR (Round Robin): Fair time-sharing with a fixed time quantum.

- Priority Scheduling: Based on priority, but needs aging to prevent starvation.

Example: For processes P1(5ms), P2(3ms), P3(8ms), SJF would schedule as P2, P1, P3.

4. What is deadlock? Explain methods to handle it.


Operating System - Long Answer Questions (JNTUH R22 - CSE 2-2)

Deadlock is a situation where a group of processes are waiting for each other indefinitely.

Conditions: Mutual exclusion, Hold and wait, No preemption, Circular wait.

Handling Methods:

- Prevention: Avoid any one of the conditions.

- Avoidance: Use Banker's algorithm to ensure safe state.

- Detection: Use resource allocation graphs.

- Recovery: Abort processes, preempt resources or rollback.

5. Discuss memory management techniques including paging and segmentation.

Memory management includes:

- Contiguous Allocation: Allocates a single continuous block.

- Paging: Divides memory into fixed-size pages and frames.

- Segmentation: Divides memory into segments based on logical divisions.

- Virtual Memory: Uses demand paging with page replacement algorithms like FIFO, LRU, Optimal.

Paging improves efficiency, while segmentation provides better logical organization.

6. Explain file system interface and allocation methods.

File System Interface:

- Operations: Create, open, close, read, write, delete.

- Directory Structures: Single-level, two-level, tree, acyclic graph.

File Allocation Methods:

- Contiguous: Simple but may lead to external fragmentation.

- Linked: Efficient but slower access.

- Indexed: Fast access using an index block.

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