Fire Protection System Design Report for

ENT Hospital
1. Introduction
This report presents the detailed design of the fire protection system for the ENT Hospital,
an important healthcare facility. The fire protection system has been designed with the
utmost consideration for life safety, property protection, and operational continuity, as well
as adherence to internationally recognized codes and standards such as the National Fire
Protection Association (NFPA) and local fire safety regulations.

The ENT Hospital is a multi-story structure with specific fire safety requirements due to the
hospital's critical nature, including areas with high occupancy, high-risk medical equipment,
and a server room with sensitive electronic equipment. This report provides a
comprehensive design of the fire protection system, including the sprinkler system, fire hose
cabinets, fire pumps, GRP water storage tank, and a specialized HFC-227ea clean agent fire
suppression system for the server room. The system design is focused on achieving optimal
performance for life safety and fire suppression in the event of a fire.

The design also includes a series of fire protection system components, such as nozzles,
detectors, valves, and control systems, ensuring full coverage of the building's infrastructure
from basements to the terrace. The system is designed to meet both local regulations and
international standards to provide reliable fire protection for the hospital's complex layout
and sensitive areas.

2. Fire Protection System Overview

2.1 Sprinkler System

The ENT Hospital fire protection system features a combination of upright sprinklers and
sidewall sprinklers, designed to provide comprehensive fire suppression coverage
throughout the facility.

 Location of Sprinklers:
 Second Basement: Full sprinkler coverage to protect storage areas, mechanical
rooms, and other vulnerable spaces.
 First Basement, Ground to 11th Floors, and Terrace: Sprinkler coverage is
provided for patient rooms, corridors, administrative offices, and other critical
hospital areas.
 Sprinkler Types:
 o Upright Sprinklers (Quantity: 245): Standard Response, 155°F/68°C,
K=5.6, D=½" NPT, Chrome Plated, UL Listed. Designed for areas requiring
standard fire suppression, with high effectiveness in open spaces.
o Sidewall Sprinklers (Quantity: 6): Standard Response, 155°F/68°C,
K=5.6, D=½" NPT, Chrome Plated, UL Listed. Sidewall sprinklers are used
in spaces where upright sprinklers cannot be easily installed, such as
along walls or narrow spaces.

The selection of sprinklers, both upright and sidewall types, was made to ensure optimal
water distribution and suppression coverage, protecting both personnel and equipment in
the event of a fire.

2.2 Fire Hose Cabinets

Fire hose cabinets are strategically placed throughout the building to ensure quick access to
fire-fighting equipment. These are critical for initial firefighting response and containment of
fire until professional services arrive.

 Fire Hose Cabinet Placement:

o Three fire hose cabinets are provided on each floor (second basement
through terrace), positioned in key locations to ensure coverage of all areas.
 Fire Hose System:
o Wet Pipe Risers: Three wet pipe riser systems have been installed on each
floor, designed to provide a continuous flow of water for the fire hoses. The
risers are critical for ensuring that water is available in the event of fire on
any floor.

The fire hose cabinets are equipped with hoses and nozzles that can be quickly deployed for
firefighting, ensuring that fire can be tackled at the earliest possible stage

2.3 Fire Pumps and GRP Water Storage Tank

The fire protection system's water supply is designed to meet the required flow and pressure
as defined by NFPA standards. This includes the use of fire pumps and a GRP water storage
tank positioned outside the building. These elements are essential for ensuring that sufficient
water is available for both the sprinkler system and the fire hose cabinets during an
emergency.

 Fire Pumps:
o Main Electric Fire Pump (2 Units):
 Capacity: 750 GPM each,
 Pressure: 12 bar.
 The electric fire pumps are responsible for providing high-pressure
water to the fire protection system.
o Main Diesel Fire Pump (1 Unit):
 Capacity: 750 GPM,
 Pressure: 12 bar.
  The diesel pump serves as a backup in case of power failure.
o Jockey Pump (1 Unit):
 Capacity: 50 GPM,
 Pressure: 8 bar.
 The jockey pump is used to maintain system pressure and ensure that
water is available at all times for immediate fire suppression.
 GRP Water Storage Tank:
o Capacity: 135 m³,
o Dimensions: 9m x 5m x 3m.
o The GRP tank is positioned outside the ground floor and serves both the
sprinkler system and the fire hose cabinet system. This storage tank ensures
that the system can supply a constant flow of water.

2.4 Fire Brigade Breaching Valve Box

A Fire Brigade Breaching Valve Box has been installed to allow external fire-fighting services
to quickly connect to the building’s fire protection system. This is a critical component for
enhancing the building's fire safety and ensuring that external firefighters can easily access
the water supply if needed.

3. System Components and Pipe Sizing

3.1 Pipe Sizing

The fire protection system uses various pipe diameters to ensure that water is delivered at
the correct pressure and flow rate. The following pipe sizes are used throughout the system:

- Pipe Sizes:

- DN25 mm

- DN32 mm

- DN40 mm

- DN50 mm

- DN65 mm

- DN80 mm

- DN100 mm

- DN150 mm

- DN200 mm
These sizes are selected based on the required flow rates for sprinklers, fire hoses, and
system pressure, and are designed to maintain optimal pressure and water delivery to all
points of the fire protection system.

3.2 Accessories and Functional Elements

The fire protection system includes all necessary accessories to ensure it is fully functional
and compliant with fire safety standards. Some key components include:

 Sprinkler Heads: Designed to provide optimal coverage in the event of a fire.

 Valves: For controlling the flow of water and isolating sections of the system.
 Check Valves: To prevent backflow and maintain system integrity.
 Couplings, Elbows, and Flanges: For connecting different sections of pipe and
ensuring that water flows smoothly through the system.

All materials have been selected in compliance with NFPA, UL, and local fire safety standards.

4. HFC-227ea Fire Suppression System for Server Room

A specialized fire suppression system has been designed for the server room, which houses
sensitive electronic equipment and requires a clean agent fire suppression system. The HFC-
227ea system is ideal for this application, as it provides rapid fire suppression without
damaging sensitive equipment.

 System Details:
o Room Volume: 138 m³
o Agent: HFC-227ea
o Agent Volume: 83 kg
 System Components:
o Cylinder Assembly (Including Valve, Valve Adapter, Solenoid Actuator, Low
Pressure Switch, and Discharge Pressure Switch)
o Radial Nozzles (Brass)
o Photoelectric Smoke Detectors with Base
o Agent Releasing Panel
o Battery for system backup
o Abort/Hold-off Switch
o Manual Release Station with Back Box
o Sounder/Strobe
- Fire Alarm Bell
o Inside and Outside Warning Signs
o Pressure Relief Damper (for overpressure venting)
o All required piping and cables to ensure system operation.

The HFC-227ea system is designed to rapidly detect and suppress fire in the server room
without leaving residue, thus preventing damage to the sensitive equipment.
5. Standards and Compliance
The ENT Hospital fire protection system is designed in accordance with the following
internationally recognized standards:

 NFPA 13: Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems

 NFPA 14: Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems
 NFPA 20: Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
 NFPA 72: National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code
 NFPA 2001: Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems (for the HFC-227ea
system)

These standards ensure that the system is fully compliant with the highest safety and
performance criteria.

6. System Performance Calculations

6.1 Fire Pump and GRP Tanker Flow Calculation

The fire pumps and GRP tanker's capacity were sized to meet the flow and pressure
requirements for both the sprinkler system and fire hose cabinets. The calculations are as
follows:

 Sprinkler System Flow Calculation:

o The flow for sprinklers is calculated based on the number of sprinklers and
the desired pressure. The formula used is:
Q = K × √P
Where:
- Q is the flow (GPM),
- K is the sprinkler coefficient (5.6),
- P is the pressure in psi.

For each sprinkler, we calculate the required flow based on the design pressure, ensuring
that the system will supply sufficient water to meet the NFPA requirements.

 Fire Hose Cabinet Flow Calculation:

o The fire hose cabinet flow is based on the pipe size and the pressure provided
by the fire pumps. The system is designed to ensure that each hose can deliver
the required flow rate of 250 GPM.
6.2 HFC-227ea Fire Suppression System Calculation
The amount of HFC-227ea required for the server room was calculated based on the room’s
volume and the desired agent concentration. The formula used is:

W=V×C

Where:

- W is the weight of the agent in kg,

- V is the volume of the room in m³,
- C is the concentration of the agent needed (typically 0.8 for HFC-227ea).

This ensures that the agent is present in sufficient quantity to suppress a fire without
damaging sensitive equipment.

7. Conclusion
The fire protection system for the ENT Hospital has been carefully designed to provide
comprehensive fire safety and suppression coverage across all areas of the building. The
system includes a sprinkler system, fire hose cabinets, fire pumps, a GRP water storage tank,
and an HFC-227ea clean agent fire suppression system for the server room. The design
complies with the relevant NFPA standards and is customized to meet the unique
requirements of the hospital’s infrastructure.

The combination of water-based suppression and clean agent suppression ensures that both
general areas and sensitive spaces like the server room are adequately protected. The fire
protection system is reliable, scalable, and capable of meeting the challenges posed by the
hospital's multi-story structure and critical operational environment.

This report serves as a comprehensive guide to the fire protection system design for ENT
Hospital, ensuring that it meets both regulatory and operational safety standards.