LESSON: ETHNOCENTRISM AND CULTURAL RELATIVISM A ORIENTATIONS IN
VIEWING IOTHER CULTURES
1. Which of the following best describes culture according to E.B. Tylor?
a. A set of beliefs and practices specific to a particular region
b. The material possessions of a society
c. A complex whole encompassing various elements learned and
shared within a society.
d. The genetic makeup of individuals within a society
2. Which term refers to the belief that one’s own culture is superior to
others?
a. Cultural Relativism
b. Enculturation
c. Ethnocentrism
d. Xenocentrism
3. Which aspect of culture refers to its ability to change and adapt over time?
a. Shared and contested
b. Requires language and other forms of communication
c. Dynamic, flexible and adaptive
d. Patterned social interactions
4. Which process involves the transmission of cultural values and beliefs
from one generation to the next?
a. Enculturation
b. Acculturation
c. Ethnocentrism
d. Xenocentrism
5. According to the definition provided, what encompasses everything a
person learns and shares as a member of society?
a. Laws and regulation
b. Artifacts and symbols
c. Beliefs and practices
d. All of the above
6. What term describes the integration of various cultural elements within a
society?
a. Ethnocentrism
b. Acculturation
c. Shared and contested
d. Integrated and at times unstable
7. Which concept suggests suspending judgement and avoiding
ethnocentrism biases when evaluating others culture?
a. Cultural Relativism
b. Xenocentrism
c. Enculturation
d. Accommodation
8. What is the term for the process by which individuals from different
cultures come into contact and adopt the values and beliefs of a new
culture?
a. Enculturation
b. Ethnocentrism
c. Acculturation
d. Xenocentrism
9. Which aspect of culture acknowledges the reality of social differentiation
and potential conflicts over cultural practices?
a. Shared and contested
b. Patterned social interactions
c. Requires language and other forms of communication
d. Dynamic, flexible and adaptive
10.What is the primary means through which culture is transmitted from one
generation to the next?
a. Education
b. Genetic inheritance
c. Enculturation
d. Immigration
11.Which term refers to the preference for the cultural practices of other
cultures over one’s own?
a. Cultural Relativism
b. Xenocentrism
c. Ethnocentrism
d. Acculturation
12.What is the term for the patterned interactions among members of a
society?
a. Shared and Contested
b. Patterned Social interactions
c. Ethnocentrism
d. Cultural Relativism
13.Which concept involves adjusting one’s behaviour attitudes or beliefs to
accommodate differences with others or within a social context?
a. Belief, practices and values only
b. Knowledge and artifacts only
c. Everything learned and shared within a society
d. Laws and regulations only
14.According to E.B Tylor, culture encompasses:
a. Beliefs, practices and values only
b. Knowledge and artifacts only
c. Everything learned and shared within a society
d. Laws and regulations only
15.Which concepts emphasizes the importance of recognizing cultural
differences and avoiding ethnocentric biases?
a. Ethnocentrism
b. Cultural relatives
c. Xenocentrism
d. Enculturation
16.What are the pros and cons of ethnocentrism, and can it be both beneficial
and detrimental depending on the context? Essay 5 points.
