TOPIC: Evolution of networking: introduction to computer networks, evolution of networking (ARPANET,

NSFNET, INTERNET)
Q. NO QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER MARK
S
1 What is a Computer Network? 1
ANS A computer network is a set of interconnected computers sharing resources located on or
provided by network nodes.
2 Who is considered as the creator(s) of the Internet? 1
ANS Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn
3 In which year ARPANET was formed 1
ANS 1969
4 What is the full form of NSFNET? 1
ANS National Science Foundation Network
5 Which project is considered as the foundation of the Internet? 1
ANS ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork)
6 Write the name of the first web browser. 1
ANS World Wide Web created by Tim Berners Lee in 1990
NOTE: He also created HTTP and HTML
7 Which protocol became the foundation of the Internet? 1. 1
ANS Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
8 List any 4 services provided by the Internet. 2
ANS Email, Instant-Messaging, Sharing of Devices and Directory Sharing etc.
9 What is the difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web? 2
ANS The Internet is a means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the
world whereas the World Wide Web is a collection of information which is accessed via the
Internet.
10 What is interspace and how is it different from the Internet? 2
ANS InterSpace is a client-server software program, allows multiple users to communicate online
with real-time audio, video or text chat in dynamic 3D environments. It provides the most
advanced form of communication available on the Internet today.
InterSpace is a vision of what the Internet will become in the future.
11 Write the full form of ARPANET
ANS Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork.
12 Write the name of the funding agency of NSFNET. 1
ANS National Science Foundation, a federal agency of the USA funded NSFNET.
13 Give an example of WAN (Wide Area Network) 1
ANS Internet
14 Write the full form of WWW. 1
ANS World Wide Web
15 When was the original ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork) shut 1
down?
ANS 1990
16 Name the types of networks based on the component roles. 1
ANS Client-Server Networks and Peer-to-Peer Networks
17 While transferring data on the internet, the message is divided into small units called 1
as____________________________
ANS Packets
18 Give one example of PAN (Personal Area Network) 1
ANS Computer network formed by connecting a laptop with a mobile phone’s hotspot internet.
Basically, the network formed by connecting personal devices is called a Personal Area
Network.
19 Give one example of LAN (Local Area Network) 1
ANS Computer network established in a school building.
20 Give one example of MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) 1
ANS Cable TV network in a city.
21 Name the device responsible for converting the digital signal to continuous (analog) signal 1
for transmission over telephone lines.
ANS Modem
22 Name the device responsible for forwarding the data packets in a computer network. 1
ANS Router
23 Name the device which is required to connect a computer to any network. 1
ANS NIC(Network Interface Card) also known as the NIU (Network Interface Unit), LAN Card,
Ethernet Card, TAP (Terminal Access Point).
24 What is the name given to the unique address assigned to each NIC? 1
ANS MAC (Media Access Control) Address also called as the physical address of a device.
25 Name the types of networks based on their geographical spread. 2
ANS PAN (Personal Area Network), LAN (Local Area Network), MAN (Metropolitan Area
Network) and WAN(Wide Area Network)
26 Differentiate between WWW (World Wide Web) and the Internet. 2
ANS WWW, also called as W3 is the collection of interlinked hypertext documents commonly
known as web pages accessed via the internet. The internet is a global computer network
formed by connecting different small networks.
27 List different components of a computer network. 2
ANS Following are the components of a computer network - Workstations/Nodes, Network
Hardware such as NIC(network interface card), router, switch, hub etc., communication
channel(either wired or wireless) and softwares such as network operating system,
browsers and protocols.
28 List any four advantages of computer networks. 2
ANS Resource Sharing.
Cost efficient way of communication.
Collaborative user interaction.
Time Saving.
Provides better and reliable storage solutions.
29 List any four disadvantages of computer networks. 2
ANS Security issues may arise if proper security measures are not in place.
Productivity may decline due to ill-management of resources shared on the network.
In case of centralised data servers, failure of the central server will serve as the single point
of failure for bringing down all the services.
In large networks, you might need to hire a specialist team to manage the network,
increasing the cost of network management.
Despite regular updates of antivirus softwares, transmission and spread of malicious
softwares and files is quite rampant in those systems which are frequently connected to
 networks.
30 What is baud rate? 1
ANS It is a measure of the speed at which the data is being transferred in a communication
channel. The rate indicates the number of electrical oscillations per second that occurs
within a data transmission. The higher the baud rate, the more bits per second that are
transferred.
31 Explain the 80:20 rule. 1
ANS The 80:20 rule states that 80% of the traffic in any network segment should be local and
only 20% of the traffic should leave that segment for efficient traffic management.
It simply means that we should install the server at the site/building containing the
maximum number of computers.

TOPIC: Data communication terminologies: concept of communication, components of data communication

(sender, receiver, message, communication media, protocols), measuring capacity of communication media
(bandwidth, data transfer rate), IP address, switching techniques (Circuit switching, Packet switching)
Q. NO QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER MARKS
1 What are the components used in communication? 1
ANS Sender, receiver, message, protocol and transmission media
2 What is a Communication Channel? 1
ANS It is a medium through which we can send a message to its intended audience
3 What do you mean by a Protocol? 1
ANS It is a set of rules or procedures for transmitting data between electronic devices.
4 What is the full form of IP? 1
ANS Internet Protocol
5 How many bits are used in an IPv4 address? 1
ANS 32 bits
6 How many bits are used in an IPv6 address? 1
ANS 128 bits
7 Which Protocol of TCP/IP uses IP Address? 1
ANS Internet Protocol (IP)
8 What is the Bandwidth of a channel? 2
ANS It is the difference between upper and lower frequency limits of the analog signal or the
maximum amount of information that the channel can carry.
9 Differentiate circuit switching and packet switching (mention any 2). 2
ANS S. N. Circuit Switching Packet Switching
1 Connection-oriented Connectionless
The bandwidth used is dependent on actual
2 The bandwidth used is fixed
data transmitted
Reliable as a dedicated High-volume networks can lose data
3
communication channel is used packets during high-traffic times
Preferred when the communication is It's beneficial for transferring data that
4
long and continuous doesn't require real-time responsiveness
Packet switching is easier and more
5 It is expensive to implement
affordable than circuit switching
The utilisation of resources is optimal as
The utilisation of resources is not
6 multiple network nodes can use the same
optimal
channel while transferring their packets
7 The link between the sender and the
The bandwidth will be used by other nodes
 receiver will be maintained even if no
if transmission is not taking place
transmission of data taking place
Failure in the links does not stop the
8 Failure in the links stop transmission delivery of the data as these packets can be
routed from other paths as well
Example, newer mobile phone technologies
9 Example, Analog telephone network
(e.g., GSM, LTE), Ethernet
10 What is the Data Transfer Rate (DTR)? 2
ANS It is the ratio of the total amount of digital data transferred between two points in some defined
period of time and is measured in Bit Per Second (bps) or Bytes Per Second (Bps)

11 In which type of switching technique the resources are reserved for the duration of the data 1
transfer process?
ANS Circuit Switching

12 In which type of switching technique the data is divided into smaller units before transmission? 1

ANS Packet Switching

13 List the types of communication media with examples of each.

ANS 1. Wired Communication Media - Twisted Pair Cable, Coaxial Cable, Optical Fibre Cable 2
2.Wireless Communication Media - Microwave, Radio Waves, Infrared, Satellite Communication
14 Which of the following wireless communication media is/are omnidirectional: Microwaves, 1
Radio waves, Infrared waves?
ANS Radio waves

15 What is an IP (logical) address? 1

ANS An IP address is a unique address assigned to each device connected to a computer network.

16 Give an example of an IPv4 address. 1

ANS An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address expressed in decimal notation as x.x.x.x where each x is an
integer between 0 and 255. Example: 192.0.2.188

17 Which of the following communication media require(s) line-of-sight for communication? 1

Microwave, Radio waves, Infrared
ANS Microwaves, Infrared

18 Which of the following communication media can penetrate solid objects? Microwave, 1
Radio waves, Infrared
ANS Radio waves

TOPIC: Transmission media: Wired communication media (Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable, Fiber-optic cable),
Wireless media (Radio waves, Micro waves, Infrared waves
Q. QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER MARKS
NO
1 What is transmission media? 1
ANS Transmission media is a communication channel that carries the information from the sender to
the receiver and vice versa.
2 Write name of guided and unguided media. 1
ANS Guided Media : Twisted pair, coaxial cable , Fiber Optic Cable Unguided
Media : Radio waves, Micro waves, Infrared waves
3 In the __________ cables, the cables are twisted together in pairs of two wires wrapped together in 1
helix form.
ANS
1. Unshielded Twisted Pair Cables (UTP) : These
are a pair of two insulated copper wires twisted
together without any other insulation or shielding
and hence are called unshielded twisted pair
cables. These cables are cost-effective and easy to
Twisted Pair install ,used for short-distance transmission and
Twisted Pair Cables are further of two typesless
: costly.
2. Shielded Twisted Pair Cables (STP) : These types
of cables have extra insulation or protective
covering over the conductors in the form of a
copper braid covering. They are generally used for
long-distance communication ,preventing external
electromagnetic noise penetration and higher
bandwidth as compared to UTP.
4 ___________ cable consists of a solid wire core surrounded by one or more foil or wire shields. 1
ANS Coaxial
Coaxial cable is useful for both analog and
digital data transmission.It has a higher
bandwidth and is relatively less expensive
compared to fiber optic cable.

5 Compare optical fiber and co-axial transmission media. 1

ANS S.NO Optical Fiber Coaxial Cable
1. Optical Fiber is used to transmit the Coaxial Cable is used to transmit the
signal/data is in light form. signal/data is in electrical form.
2. The cost of optical fiber is high. The cost of coaxial cable is less.
3. Installation and implementation of Installation and implementation of coaxial
optical fiber is difficult. cable is easy.
4. These cables are not affected due to Coaxial cables are less affected by the
external magnetic field. external magnetic field.
5. Its maximum transmission speed is up to Its maximum transmission speed is up to
10 Gbps. 10 Mbps.
6 Which guided/wired transmission media is fastest and expensive? 1
ANS Fiber optics
7 Why fiber optic transmission media is faster as compared to other wired transmission media?
ANS Fiber optic transmits data as light, while other wired media transfer data as electricity. Light
travels exponentially faster than electricity so fiber optic transmission media is faster.

8 Out of the following, which is the fastest wired medium of Transmission medium 1
Telephone Cable , Twisted Pair Cable , Optical Fibre Cable
ANS Optical Fibre Cable
9 Out of the following, identified the unguided communication media ? Infrared, 1
Coaxial Cable, Optical Fibre, Microwave, Radio waves
ANS Infrared, Microwave, Radio waves
10 Write the two characteristics of Wi-fi 1
ANS Convenient and anywhere technology.
Support Secure wireless communication
11 For difficult terrain , which unguided media would you suggest ? 1
ANS Microwave and Radio Wave
12 Arrange the following communication media in the ascending order of their transmission speed. 1
Twisted Pair Cable ,Telephone Cable , Optical Fibre Cable
ANS Telephone Cable , Twisted Pair Cable , Optical Fibre Cable
13 Write the one advantage and one disadvantage of Optical fibre cable 1
ANS Advantage- Its high speed guided media .
Disadvantage- It is an expensive communication media
15 Rearrange the following terms in increasing order of data transfer rates Gbps 1
,Mbps, Tbps, Kbps,Bps
ANS Bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps

TOPIC:Network devices (Modem, Ethernet card, RJ45, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway, WIFI card)
Q. NO QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER MARKS
1 What is a network device? Give some examples of network devices. 2
ANS Hardware devices that are used to connect computers, printers, fax machines and other
electronic devices to a network are called network devices.
E.g. Modem, Ethernet card, RJ45, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway, WIFI card.
2 When the computer network uses telephone lines as a communication channel then MODEM is 2
used as a data communication device. Explain the working of a modem?
ANS Basically, our computer generates data in the form of digital signals, which need to be
forwarded to the receiver through telephone lines. Since, telephone lines can carry only analog
signals. So, digital signals need to be converted to analog signals at the sender's site, this is
called modulation. At the receiver's site, again analog signals are converted back to the digital
signals,
then this is
called

demodulation.

3 What is Ethernet card? How Ethernet Differs from Wi-Fi Card? 2

ANS An Ethernet card is a kind of network adapter. These adapters support the ethernet standard
for high-speed network connections via cables.
Wi-Fi Card Ethernet Card
Speed Slow data transfer speed Faster data transfer speed
 Reliability Suffers from signal interference due Delivers a consistent speed
to many environmental factors
Security Data flow needs to be encrypted Data doesn’t required to be
encrypted
Latency Higher Lower
Deployment Easy to install and deploy Cable installation infrastructure is
required
4 What is RJ45 connector? where it is used? 2
ANS RJ45 stands for Registered Jack-45. It is an
eight wire connector.
RJ45 connector is used to connect computers
onto a Ethernet cable/Local Area Network
(LAN).

5 Define repeaters with its two types. 2

ANS Repeaters are used to amplify the signals, when they are transported over a long distance.
Repeaters are of two types
(i) Amplifier It amplifies or boosts the incoming signals. So, it amplifies both the signal and
any concurrent noise.
(ii) Signal repeater It only amplifies the signal and filters out the noise signals. So, we get
only the clear signal at the receiver end.
Repeaters may be included after every 100 mtrs (approx) distance.
6 Expand the following i. MODEM ii. RJ45 2
ANS i. MODEM - MOdulator DEModulator ii.
RJ45 - Registered Jack-45
7 Mention the appropriate networking device for following conditions. 2
(i) It is a hardware device which is used to amplify the signals when they are transported
over a long distance.
(ii) It is a device that converts digital signal to analog signal and vice versa
ANS i. Repeater ii. MODEM
8 Write full form of WiFi. 1
ANS WiFi - Wireless Fidelity

9 What is Hub? 2

ANS Network device that contains multiple ports.

It is used to connect several computers
together.
When a packet arrives at one port, it is
copied to the other ports so that all segments
of the LAN can see all packets.

10 How are active hubs different from passive 2

hubs?
ANS Active Hub Passive Hub

Active Hubs electrically amplify the signal as Passive Hubs does not amplify the signals
it moves from one connected device to
another
Active hubs are used like repeater to extend Passive hubs can not used as a repeater
the length of a network
 Transmission rate is high Transmission rate is slow

11 What is a Switch? 2

ANS - A switch is called a smart hub.

Provides multiple connections
- A device that filters and forwards
packets between LAN segments.
- Switch passes the frame to a specific
port because it keep a record of MAC
address
12 Differentiate hub and switch ? 2

ANS HUB SWITCH

Hub passes the frame to every port. Passes the frame to a specific port, because it
keeps a record of MAC address.
Slow Speed High Speed

Hub shares its bandwidth with each and every Switch allocates full bandwidth to each of its
port, so bandwidth divided among all the ports. So users always access the maximum
nodes, which will degrade performance. amount of bandwidth.
13 What is Gateway ? 2

ANS A gateway is a network point that acts as an entrance to another network. It

is used to connect two dissimilar networks
14 What is a Bridge ? 2

ANS A device that connects two local-area

networks (LANs), or two segments of the
same LAN that use the same protocol, such
as Ethernet.

15 What is the Router ? 2

ANS A router is a device that

forwards data packets along networks. A
router is connected to at least two
networks, commonly two LANs or WANs.
Routers are located at gateways, the
places where two or more networks
connect.
A router acts as a dispatcher, choosing
the best path for information to travel so
it’s received quickly.
16 Which of the following (i) is not a broadcast device (ii) offers a dedicated bandwidth ? (a) 2
Repeater (b) Bridge (c) Hub (d) Switch
ANS (i) Bridge is not a broadcast device as it filters traffic depend upon the receivers MAC address
(ii) Switch Offer dedicated bandwidth
 17 What out of the following, will you use to have an audio visual chat with an expert sitting in a 2
faraway place to fix-up a technical issue (i) Email (ii) VoIP (iii) FTP

ANS (ii) VoIP

TOPIC: Network topologies and Network types: types of networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN), networking topologies
(Bus, Star, Tree)
Q. NO QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER MARKS
1 TPU University is setting up its academic blocks at Udaipur and is planning to set up a network. The 4
University has 3 academic blocks and
one Human Resource Centre as shown
in the diagram below:

Center to Center distances between various blocks/center is as follows:

Law Block to Business Block 40m No of computers in various blocks/center is as
Law Block to Technology Block 80m follows:
Law Block to HR Centre 105m Law Block 15
Business Block to HR Centre 30m Technology Block 40
Technology Block to HR Centre 15m HR Centre 115
Business Block 25

a) Suggest an ideal layout for connecting these blocks/centers for wired connectivity.
b) Which device will you suggest to be placed/installed in each of these blocks/centers to
efficiently connect all the computers within these blocks/centers.
c) Suggest the placement of a Repeater in the network with justification.
d) The university is planning to connect its admission office in Delhi, which is more than 780
km from the university. Which type of network out of LAN, MAN, or WAN will be formed? Justify
your answer
ANS a.

b. Hub / Switch
c. Repeater may be placed when the distance between 2 buildings is more than 100 meters.
d. WAN, as the given distance is more than the range of LAN and MAN.
2 ABC Corp. has set up its Branch at Srinagar for its office and web-based activities. It has 4 Zones of 4
buildings as shown in the diagram:

Branch to Branch Distance is: Number of Computers :

Zone X to Zone Z 40m Zone X 50
Zone Z to Zone Y 60m
Zone Z 130
Zone Y to Zone X 135m
Zone Y to Zone U 70m Zone Y 40
Zone X to Zone U 165m Zone U 15
Zone Z to Zone U 80m

i) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e., Zone) to house the ERP and BI Server of this organisation
(
with a suitable reason.
device ii) Which
will you onnect
suggest to be all the
placed/installed in each of these ZONEs to efficiently
(computers within these blocks/centres.
c iii) Suggest the placement of a Repeaterinternet
in the network
connection cable for the selected topology?
( with justification.
( iv) Which is the most economic type of
ANS (a) The most suitable place (i.e., Zone) to house the ERP and BI Server is Zone Z as it has the
most number of computers; thus, cabling cost will be reduced and most traffic will be local.
(b) Hub / Switch
(c) Repeaters may be placed when the distance between 2 buildings is more than 100 meters.
(d) An economic type of internet connection cable is Dial-up or broadband
3 ABC Software Development Company has set up its new center at Jaipur for its office and web based
activities. It has 4 blocks of buildings as shown in
the diagram below:

Center to center distances between various blocks Number of Computers

Black A to Block B 50 m Block A 25
Block B to Block C 150 m Block B 50

Block C to Block D 25 m Block C 125

Block A to Block D 170 m Block D 10
Block B to Block D 125 m
Block A to Block C 90 m
 a. Suggest the most suitable place (Block) to install the Server of the Company.
b. Suggest an ideal layout for connecting these blocks for a wired connectivity.
c. Suggest the place of repeater in the network with justification.
d. Which device will you suggest to be installed in each of these blocks to efficiently connect all the
computers within these blocks.
e. The company is planning to connect its administrative Office in Delhi which is more than 1200
km from the Company. Which type of network out of LAN, MAN or WAN will be formed? Justify your
answer.
ANS a. Block C maximum number of computers
b. Any layout either Bus or Star
c. Suggest the place of repeater in the network with justification.
d. Place of repeater where distance is more than 80m
e. WAN
4 XYZ CONSULTANTS is a professional consultancy company. The company is planning to set up new
offices in India with its hub at Gurugram. As a network adviser, you have to understand their
requirements and suggest to them the best available solutions.

Bloc k-to-Block distance (in Mtrs.):

Block (From) Block (To) Distance
Human Resources Conference 60
Human Resources Finance 60
Conference Finance 120
Expected Number of Computers to be installed in each blo
Block Computers
Human Resources 125 ck:
Conference 25
Finance 60

(a) What will be the most appropriate block where an organization should plan to
install their server?
(b) Draw a block-tofor efficient communication.
(c) What will be theblock
best cable layout
possible to connectout
connectivity allof
the buildings
the in to
following theconnect
most appropriate
the new manner -
setoffices in Dehradun with its London base office? (i) Infrared (ii) Satellite Link (iii)
Ethernet Cable (d) Which of the following devices will you sugges buildings? up of
(i) Gateway (ii) Switch (iii) Modem
t to connect each computer in each of the above
ANS a) Human Resource
b)

c) (ii) Satellite Link

 (d) (ii) Switch

5 Motherson Corporation has set up its new centre at Jaipur, Rajasthan for its office and web-based

Distance between the various blocks is as Numbers of computers in each block

follows: Block A - 25
activities. It has 4 blocks of buildings.
A to B - 50 m Block B - 50
B to C - 110m Block C - 125
C to D - 90m Block D – 10
A to D - 160m
B to D - 140m
A to C - 80m

(a) Suggest and draw the cable layout to efficiently connect various blocks of buildings within
the Jaipur centre for connecting the digital devices.
(b) Suggest the placement of the following device with justification i. Repeater ii. Hub/Switch
(c) Which kind of network (PAN/LAN/WAN) will be formed if the Jaipur office is connected to
its head office in Mumbai?
(d) Which fast and very effective wireless transmission medium should preferably be used to
connect the head office at Mumbai with the centre at Jaipur.

ANS (a)

b) Repeater : between C and D as the distance between them is 100 mts.

Hub/ Switch : in each block as they help to share data packets within the devices of the network in
each block (c) WAN.
(d) Satellite

6 Unicorp Tech Training Ltd. is a Delhi based organization which is expanding its office set-up to
Jaipur. At Jaipur office , they are planning to have 3 different blocks for Admin, Training and
Accounts related activities. Each block has a number of computers, which are required to be
connected in a network for communication, data and resource sharing.
As a network consultant, you have to suggest the best network related solutions for them for
issues/problems raised by them in (i) to (iv), as per the distances between various blocks/locations
and other given parameters.
 Shortest distances between various blocks/locations :
Admin Block to Accounts Block 310 Metres
Accounts Block to Training Block 160 Metres
Admin Block to Training Block 190 Metres
Delhi Head Office to Jaipur Office 700 Km
Number of computers installed at various blocks are as
follows :

Training Block 130

AccountsBlock 40
i) Suggest the most appropriate block/location to house the
Adminthe Block
3blocks) to get50the best and effective connectivity. Justify your
( answer. SERVER in the JAIPUR office (out of
ii) Suggest the best wired medium and draw the cable layout
( (Block to Block) to efficiently connect compound.
various blocks within the JAIPUR iii) Suggest a device/software and its placement that would
office provide data security for the entire
( network of the JAIPUR
office. iv) Suggest a device and the protocol that shall be needed to
( provide wireless Internet access to all op users in the JAIPUR
smartphone/lapt office.
ANS (i) Training Block – Because it has maximum number of computers.
(ii) Best wired medium:
Optical Fibre OR CAT5 OR CAT6
OR CAT7 OR CAT8 OR Ethernet
Cable

(iii) Firewall – Placed with the server at the Training Block OR

Any other valid device/software name
(iv)Device Name: WiFi Router OR WiMax OR RF Router OR Wireless Modem OR RF Transmitter
Protocol: WAP OR 802.16 OR TCP/IP OR VOIP OR MACP OR 802.11
7 Sun Pvt. Ltd. is setting up the network in the Udaipur. There are four departments named as
MrktDept, FunDept, LegalDept,
SalesDept.
 Distance between various buildings is given as Number of Computers in the buildings:
follows: MrktDept 30
MrktDept to FunDept 90 m LegalDept 10
MrktDept to LegalDept 170m FunDept 08
MrktDept to SalesDept 110 m SalesDept 52
LegalDept to SalesDept 140 m
LegalDept to FunDept 110 m
FunDept to SalesDept 60 m

i) Suggest a cable layout of connections between the Departments and specify

topology.
ii) Suggest the most suitable building to place the server with a suitable reason. iii)
Suggest the placement of i) modem ii) Hub /Switch in the network.
iv) The organization is planning to link its sale counter situated in various part of the same city/
which type of network out of LAN,WAN, MAN will be formed? Justify.
ANS ii) SalesDept beacause it has maximium no. of
computers. iii) Each building should have
hub/switch and Modem in case Internet
connection is required. iv) MAN (Metropolitan
Area Network)

i)

8 Write the various advantages and disadvantages of Bus topology ? 2

ANS Advantages Disadvantages
1. Easy to install and the use for small 1. If the main cable fails the entire network
networks. collapses.
2. Requires less cable 2. Difficult to troubleshoot

3. Failure of one node does not affect the 3.Slow, due to traffic on single cable
network functioning.
4.New node can be easily added 4. Only one device transmits at a time, other es
devic wait for their turn
9 Define Star Topology ? 2
The physical star Topology uses a central controlling hub with dedicated legs pointing in all
directions – like points of a star. Each network device has a dedicated point-to-point link to the
central hub. There is no direct link between these computers and the computers can communicate
via central controller only.
10 Define Ring Topology ? 2
The physical ring Topology is a circular loop of
point-to- point links. Messages travel around the
ring from node to node in a very organised manner.
Each workstation checks the message for a
matching destination address. If the address
doesn’t match, the node simply regenerates the
message and sends it on its way. If the address
matches, the node accepts the message and sends a
reply to the originating sender.

11 Aakar University of Madhya Pradesh is setting up a secured network for its campus at Himachal 4
Pradesh for operating their day-to-day office & web based activities. They are planning to have
network connectivity between four buildings. Answer the question (i) to (iv) after going through the
building positions in the campus & other details which are given below:

The distances between various buildings of university are given as:-

Building 1 Building 2 Distance(in mtrs.)
Main Admin 50
Main Finance 100
Main Academic 70
Admin Finance 50
Finance Academic 70

Admin Academic 60
Number of Computers: the server of the network of the university,
:
As
Building
a network expert,
No. of Computers
you are required to give the best possible solutions for the given queries of
Main 150
Admin 75 -up very fast Internet
a) Suggest cable layout for the connections between the various
Finance 50 buildings,
Academic 60

university administration:-
(
d) Suggest
(b) Suggest the the communication
most media
suitable building out of the following for
to house
setting devices with
(c) Suggest the placement of following
justification
1. Switch/Hub
2. Repeater (
 connectivity among buildings of the
university
1. Optical Fibre
2. Coaxial cable
3. Ethernet Cable
ANS (a) Star topology

(b) Server should be placed at the Main Building as it has the maximum number of computers.
(c) Hub/Switch each would be needed in all the buildings to interconnect the group of cables from
the different computers in each building
A repeater needs to be placed along the wire between main building & finance building as the
distance between them is more than 70 mtr.
(d) Optical Fibre
12 Kendriya Vidyalaya Jawahar Nagar is setting up the network between its Different Wings of school 4
campus. There are 4 wings named as SENIOR(S), JUNIOR(J), ADMIN(A) and HOSTEL(H).

Distance between various wings are given Number of Computers installed at various wings
below: are as follows:
Wing A to Wing S 100m
Wing A to Wing J 200m Wings Number of Computers
Wing A to Wing H 400m Wing A 20
Wing S to Wing J 300m Wing S 150
Wing S to Wing H 100m Wing J 50
Wing J to Wing H 450m Wing H 25

(a)Suggest the best wired medium and draw the cable layout to efficiently connect various wings of
Kendriya Vidyalaya Jawahar Nagar.
(b) Name the most suitable wing where the Server should be installed. Justify your answer.
(c) Suggest a device and its placement that should be used to connect with the Internet provided
by BSNL Telephone Network.
(d) Which transmission media will be used to connect the campus with Regional Office to attend
the conferences.
ANS (a) Best wired medium: Optical Fibre OR CAT5 OR CAT6 OR
CAT7 OR CAT8 OR Ethernet Cable

(b) Senior Wing(S) - Because it has a maximum number of computers.

(c) Modem - Placed with the server at Senior Wing (S)
(d) Transmission media : Optical Fibre/High Speed Broadband
13 Jonathan and Jonathan Training Institute is planning to set up its centre in Amritsar with four 4
specialised blocks for Medicine, Management, Law courses along with an Admission block in separate
buildings. The physical distances between these blocks and the number of computers to be installed
in these blocks are given below. You as a network expert have to answer the queries raised by their
board of directors as given in (i) to (iv).
Shortest distances between various locations in Number of Computers installed at various
metres: locations are as follows:
Admin Block to Management Block 60 Admin Block 150
Admin Block to Medicine Block 40 Management Block 70
Admin Block to Law Block 60 Medicine Block 20
Management Block to Medicine Block 50 Law Block 50
Management Block to Law Block 110
Law Block to Medicine Block 40

(i). Suggest the most suitable location to install the main server of this institution to get efficient
connectivity.

(ii). Suggest by drawing the best cable layout for effective network connectivity of the blocks having
server with all the other blocks.
(iii). Suggest the devices to be installed in each of these buildings for connecting computers installed
within the building out of the following:
· Modem
· Switch
· Gateway
· Router
(iv) Suggest the most suitable wired medium for efficiently connecting each computer installed in
every building out of the following network cables:
· Coaxial Cable
· Ethernet Cable
· Single Pair
. Telephone Cable
ANS (i) Admin Block as maximum number of computers
(ii)
 (iii) Modem or Switch or Router
(iv)Ethernet Cable
14 India Skills Hub is a skill development community which has an aim to promote the standard of skills 4
in the society. It is planning to set up its training centres in multiple towns and villages Pan India with
its head offices in the nearest cities. They have created a model of their network with a city ABC
Nagar, a town (UVW town) and 3 villages.
As a network consultant, you have to suggest the best network related solutions for their issues/
problems raised in (i) to (iv), keeping in mind the distances between various locations and other
given parameters.

Note:
In Villagers, there are community centres, in which one room has been given as a training centre to
this organisation to install computers.The organisation has got financial support from the government
and top Multinational Organisations.
(i) Suggest the most appropriate location of the SERVER in the Cluster (out of the 4 locations), to
get the best and effective connectivity. Justify your answer.
(ii) Suggest the best wired medium and draw the cable layout (location to location) to efficiently
connect various locations within the Cluster.
(iii) Which hardware device will you suggest to connect all the computers with in each
location

(iv) Which service/protocol will be most helpful to conduct live interactions of Experts from Head
Office and people at all locations of Cluster?
ANS (i) YTOWN
Justification-(1) Since it has the maximum number of computers.(2) It is closet to all other location
(ii) Optical Fibre for fast and effective communications
(iii) Switch or Hub to connect several computers together
(iv) Video conferencing or VoIP or any other correct service/protocol.
15 Indian School, in Mumbai is starting up the network between it s different wings. There are four 4
Buildings named as SENIOR, JUNIOR, ADMIN and HOSTEL as shown below:
Number of Computers in Each
Building :
 The distance between various buildings is as follows:
ADMIN TO JUNIOR 150m SENIOR TO ADMIN 200m
HOSTEL TO ADMIN 50m HOSTEL TO JUNIOR 210m
SENIOR TO JUNIOR 220m SENIOR TO HOSTEL 205m

(i) Suggest the suitable cable layout of connections between the buildings.Also give the name of
topology
(ii) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e., building) to house the server of this school with a suitable
reason.
(iii) Suggest the placement of the following devices with justification.
(a) Repeater (b) Hub/Switch
(iv) The organisation also has an inquiry office in another city about 50-60 km away in hilly region.
Suggest the suitable transmission media to interconnect to school and inquiry office out of the
following :
(a) Fibre optic cable (b) Microwave (c) Radiowave Also
give the type of this network
ANS 1. Star topology as shortest
cable length ( total 400 Metres
required)

2. Server can be placed in the ADMIN building as it has the maximum number of computers.
3. Repeaters can be placed between ADMIN and SENIOR buildings as well as ADMIN and JUNIOR
buildings as the distance is more than 110 m.
4. Radio waves can be used in hilly regions as they can travel through obstacles.
Type of Network is WAN (Wide Area Network)
16 Identify the type of topology from the following ?: 2
(i) Each node is connected with the help of a single cable
(ii) Each node is connected with the help of independent cable with central switching.
ANS (i) Bus Topology
(ii) Star Topology
17 Mahesh wants to transfer data within a city at very high speed. Write the wired transmission medium 2
and type of network ?.
ANS Wired communication media is Optical Fibre Cable and type of network is MAN (Metropolitan Area
Network)
18 Write one advantage of the bus topology of the network ?. Also illustrate how four (4) computers can 2
be connected with each other using the bus topology of the network.

ANS Advantage (benefits) of linear

Bus topology is that the cable
length required for this
topology is the least compared
to the other networks. Bus
Topology Network
19 (i) Which type of network (out of LAN, PAN and MAN) is formed when you connect two mobiles 2
using Bluetooth to transfer a video?
(ii) Which type of network frame when we connect with our relative in a foreign country?
Ans (i) PAN (Personal Area Network)
(ii) WAN ( Wide Area Network)
20 Define the term Topology. 2
ANS The term Topology refers to the way/layout in which the various nodes or computers of a network
are linked together.
In other words , the pattern of arrangement of computers in a network is called Topology.
21 Write the name of various types of topologies. 2
ANS

22 Write the name of various factors , which are considered while selecting a topology. 2
ANS The following factors are considered while selecting a topology:
1. Cost
2. Reliability
3. Scalability
4. Bandwidth capacity
5. Ease of installation
6. Ease of troubleshooting
7. Delay involved in routing information from one node to another.
23 Define Bus Topology. 2
It consists of one continuous length of cable (trunk) that is shared by all the nodes in the network and
a terminating resistor (terminator) at each end that absorbs the signal when it reaches the end of line.
Without a terminator the electrical signal would reach the end of copper wire and bounce back,
causing errors on the network.
Data communication message travels along the bus in both directions until it is picked up by a
workstation or server NIC.
If the message is missed or not recognized, it reaches the end of the cabling and dissipates at the
terminator.
Bus Network Topology requires a multipoint connection.
24 Write various advantages and disadvantages of Star Topology 2
ANS Advantages Disadvantages

1.Easier to add new nodes or modify any existing node 1.Central node dependency. If the central
without disturbing the network. controller or hub fails, the entire system
2. Fast Speed collapses.
2. Cabling cost is more
3. If any local computer or link fails, the entire
system does not collapse 3. Difficult to install
4. Easy fault detection and isolation
5. Central node control
25 Write various advantages and disadvantages of Ring Topology 2

ANS Advantages Disadvantages

1. Easy to troubleshoot 1. Requires more cable
2. There is no master computer on the 2. More Expensive
controller. 3. A break in cable ring brings down entire
3. There are no collisions. network
4. Fast speed 4. Data flows in single direction
 Easy fault detection and isolation
26 Write one advantage of the star topology network. Also, illustrate how five (5) computers can be 2
connected to each other using the star topology of the network.
ANS (i) Advantage of Star Topology:Essay to install and controlled by Central Node .

(ii)

TOPIC: Network protocol: HTTP, FTP, PPP, SMTP, TCP/IP, POP3, HTTPS, TELNET, VoIP
Q. N. QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER MARKS
1 Which is the most recent version of HTTP protocol? 1
ANS HTTP/2 (originally named HTTP/2.0)
2 HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is a _______ Protocol. (Connection 1
Oriented /Connectionless)
ANS Connectionless (also called stateless)
3 Explain HTTP message. 2
ANS HTTP Message is request-response data which is exchanged between the client and the server
(client-server architecture).
An HTTP client is a program that establishes a connection to a server to send one or more HTTP
request messages and an HTTP server is a program that accepts connections to serve HTTP
requests by
sending an
HTTP
response
message.

4 You want to open the KVS HQ website on a web-browser, which Protocol do you need to access the 1
same?
ANS HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
5 Who developed the FTP protocol? 1
ANS Abhay Bhushan (Alumni IIT Kanpur) at MIT
6 Which protocol is generally used to upload web pages to a web server for hosting? 1
ANS FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
7 Differentiate anonymous and non-anonymous FTP. 2
ANS Anonymous FTP Non anonymous FTP
users are given access to a distributed file users need to log in with a specific username
where they do not need to sign in with a specific and password to gain access to a certain file.
username and password
8 Explain Point to Point Protocol (PPP) protocol. 2
ANS It is Windows’ default Remote Access Service (RAS) protocol and mainly used to encapsulate data
to pass through synchronous and asynchronous lines of communication over serial point-to–point
 connections. It is also known as RFC 1661.
9 List the two sub-protocol of PPP. 1
ANS Link Control Protocol (LCP) and Network Control Protocol (NCP).
10 A Manager of an IT company sends an email to one of his colleagues, requesting him to prepare the 1
balance sheet. Which network protocol is involved during this email communication?
ANS Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

11 Explain the two models of SMTP Protocols. 1

ANS The end-to-end model is used to communicate between different organisations . The
store and forward model is used within an organisation.
12 What is the Post Office Protocol v3 (POP3)? 1
ANS It is used to retrieve emails from a remote mail
server to a local email client which can be read
later even when the system is offline. This
protocol also removes the mail copy from the
mail server once downloaded locally.

13 What is the telnet Protocol? 2

ANS It is used to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented
communication facility using a virtual terminal connection
on the Internet or local area network. Once a telnet client
establishes a connection to the remote host, the client
becomes a virtual terminal, allowing the host to
communicate with the remote host.

14 Explain Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) 2

ANS It is a technology that allows us to make voice calls using an Internet connection instead of a
regular (or analog) phone line by converting voice into a digital signal that travels over the
Internet.
15 What is the use of TCP/IP Protocol? 2
ANS It is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. The
entire TCP and IP suite is commonly referred to as TCP/IP in which TCP and IP are the two main
protocols, though others are included.

16 Write the full form of HTTP, FTP. 1

ANS HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol FTP - File Transfer Protocol
17 Write the full form of PPP, SMTP. 1
ANS PPP - Point to Point Protocol SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
18 Write the full form of TCP/IP, POP3. 1
ANS TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol POP3 - Post Office Protocol Version 3
19 Write the full form of HTTPS, VoIP. 1
ANS HTTPS - HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure VoIP - Voice Over Internet Protocol
20 Write the full form of XML and HTML. 1
ANS XML - Extensible Markup Language HTML - HyperText Markup Language
21 Write the full form of WLL and IMAP. 1
ANS WLL - Wireless local loop IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol
22 Write the full form of CDMA and GSM. 1

ANS CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access GSM - Global System for Mobile Communication
23 Write the full form of LTE and GPRS. 1
ANS LTE - Long Term Evolution GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
24 Name the softwares that uses the TELNET protocol? 1
ANS TELNET, AnyDesk, Team Viewer
25 What type of content can be transferred using the HTTP protocol? 1
ANS Text, images, audio, video and other multimedia files can be transferred over the web using the
HTTP protocol
26 Distinguish between HTTP and FTP protocol. (any two) 2
ANS HTTP FTP
It stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol It stands for File Transfer Protocol
It is a set of rules that define how web pages It is a set of rules that govern the uploading and
are transferred between computers over the downloading of files over the internet
internet
It uses the Transmission Control Protocol and It uses the Transmission Control Protocol and
runs on TCP port 80 runs on TCP port 20(for commands) and 21 (for
data)
It is efficient in transferring small files It is efficient in transferring large files
It is a stateless (Connectionless) protocol It is a stateful(connection-oriented) protocol
It is faster as compared to FTP It is slower as compared to HTTP
27 Distinguish between POP3 and SMTP protocols. (any two) 2
ANS POP3 SMTP
It stands for Post Office Protocol Version 3 It stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
It is used for viewing messages It is used for sending messages
It is also called POP protocol It is also called PUSH protocol
It is implied between the receiver and receiver It is implied between sender mail server and
mail server receiver mail server
It retrieves the mail from the mailbox at the It transfers mail from the sender’s computer to
receiver’s mail server to the receiver’s the mailbox present at the receiver’s mail server
computer
It is a MAA (Message Access Agent) for It is a MTA (Message Transfer Agent) for sending
accessing messages from the mail server messages to the receiver
It uses TCP port 110 It uses TCP port 25
28 Distinguish between IMAP and POP3 protocols. (any two) 2
ANS IMAP POP3
It stands for Internet Message Access It stands for Post Office Protocol Version 3
Protocol
It uses TCP port 143 It uses TCP port 110
 It is an advanced protocol that allows the It is a simple protocol that allows downloading of mail
user to view all the folders on the mail from your mailbox at the mail server to your local
server computer
The mail can be accessed on multiple In POP3, mail can be accessed only on one device at a
devices time
It is slower as compared to POP3 It is faster as compared to IMAP
The mail content can be partially read To read the email, it must be downloaded on the local
before downloading computer
29 Explain the working of the HTTP protocol in brief. 2
ANS HyperText Transfer Protocol is a stateless protocol which works on the request-response model i.e.
it gives the users a way to interact with the resources such as HTML files by transmitting hypertext
messages between clients and servers. HTTP clients generally use TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol) connections to communicate with the servers.
30 Explain the difference between HTTP and HTTPS. (any two) 2
ANS HTTP HTTPS
Lacks Security Uses SSL certificates to protect the data being
communicated
Uses port no. 80 by default Uses port no. 443 by default
The data is not encrypted before sending Data is encrypted before transmission

HTTP works on the Application layer HTTPS works on the Transport Layer
Since no encryption is performed, this is The data is encrypted before transmission, hence this
faster is slower
31 Explain the 3-way handshake process of TCP protocol. 2

ANS TCP protocol uses three-way handshake in which the sender first sends the RTS (Request to send)
frame
After receipt of RTS, the receiver sends the CTS (Clear to send) frame
On receipt of CTS, the sender again sends the ACK (Acknowledgement) which signifies the
successful receipt of the CTS frame.
32 Which out of the following is/are connection-oriented protocol(s)? TCP, 1
IP, HTTP
ANS TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

33 Which out of the following is/are connectionless (or stateless) protocol(s)? TCP, 1
IP, HTTP
ANS IP(Internet Protocol), HTTP (HyperText Transfer Control Protocol)

34 Write the port numbers used by the following protocols: HTTP, 1

FTP, SMTP, POP3, HTTPS, TELNET, VoIP
ANS HTTP - Port No. 80 FTP - Port No. 20 for commands and Port no. 21 for data (Half Mark
for each
SMTP - Port No. 25 POP3 - Port No. 110 correct
HTTPS - Port No. 443 TELNET - Port No. 23 VoIP port no.)
-Port No. 5060
35 Ram wants to have a meeting with his team-mates where they can see each other and discuss the 1
new project they have been assigned by the management. Which protocol would be used in this
communication?
ANS H.323 and session initiation protocol (SIP)

36 Tejas wants to download all his emails on his ipad and read them whenever he is free. Which 1
protocol would be used?
ANS POP3

37 Rani needs to download all the study material regarding her favourite subject from a remote 1
server. Which protocol would she use?
ANS FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

38 Aman works for an IT company which provides custom-application softwares. One of his clients 1
does not know how to install one such software on his computer. Which protocol would Aman use
to assist the client for remote installation of a particular application software?
ANS TELNET (for remote access)

39 Write the name of the protocol used when- 1

You send an email to another user You read your email
ANS SMTP (Simple Mail transfer protocol) POP3 (Post Office Protocol Version 3)

40 Dev wants to search for information about esteemed engineering colleges in India. He opens his 1
web browser and types the phrase “Best engineering colleges in India” into the Google Search box.
He gets a list of search results in his web browser. Which protocol was used in this task?
ANS HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure)

TOPIC: Introduction to web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language
(XML), domain names, URL, website, web browser, web servers, web hosting
Q. NO QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER MARKS
1 What is a web service? 1
ANS A web service is a set of open protocols and standards that allow data to be exchanged between
different applications or systems. A client invokes a web service by submitting an XML request,
which the service responds with an XML response.
2 What is the World Wide Web? 1

ANS The World Wide Web, commonly known as the Web, is an information system where documents
and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators, which may be interlinked by
hyperlinks, and are accessible over the Internet.
3 What is a Cookie? 1
ANS Cookies are text files with small pieces of data like a username and password that are used to
identify your computer as you use a computer network.
4 What is HTML? Explain its tags. 2
ANS The HyperText Markup Language, or HTML is the standard markup language that is used to
structure a web page and its content.
HTML tags are like keywords which define how a web browser will format and display the content.
These contain three main parts; opening tag, content and closing tag but some HTML tags are
unclosed tags. Example, <html>, <p>, <h1> etc.
5 What is the Domain Name Server (DNS)? 1
ANS Domain Name Server, translates human
readable domain names (for example,
www.amazon.com) to its corresponding
machine readable IP addresses (for example,
192.0.2.44).

6 What is a website? 1
ANS It is a set of related web pages located under a single domain name, typically produced by a single
person or an organisation.
7 How is a website different from a web-service? Mention any 2 differences. 2
ANS S. N. Web Service Website
1 Doesn’t have a user interface Has a user interface (GUI)
2 Consumed by any application (like web, Consumed by end user and doesn’t require
native, windows etc.) and require programming knowledge
programming knowledge
3 Platform independent as they use open Cross-platform as they require tweaking to operate
protocols on different browsers, operating systems, etc.
4 Web services are accessed by HTTP Websites are accessed by using their GUI
methods components – buttons, text boxes, forms, etc.
5 Typically returns XML or JSON files, Typically returns HTML pages, images, media files
something that is easily decoded by a etc.
programmer
6 Example, Google maps API is a web service Example, https://kvsangathan.nic.in/ is a website
that can be used by websites to display that has a collection of related web pages
Maps by passing coordinates to it.
8 What is a Web Page and also explain the concept of Index web-page? 2
ANS A web-page is a hypertext document provided by a website and displayed to a user in a web
browser.
Index page is the first page of a website that contains links to other parts of the website
9 What is Web Hosting? List any two Web Hosts Service providers. 2
ANS Web hosting is an online service that allows customers to publish their website onto the internet.
Web host is responsible for making sure that the website is up and running 24x7. It is also a host's
job to prevent any security breaches and store all website related files, assets and databases onto
the server.
Example, IBM, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Bluehost, HostGator and Hostinger etc.
10 Write any 2 differences between Web Pages and Website. 2

S. N. Web Page Website

1 It is a single document that is displayed It is a collection of many documents. Web
by the web browser using a specific URL browsers are used to access such
address that includes contents like text, documents using specific URL addresses
media, etc. It also comprises links to attached to the website.
many other relevant webpages.
2 It usually contains content regarding a It usually contains content regarding
single entity type. several entities.
3 It can be accessed using a direct URL link It can be accessed through a domain
or through a website. address.
4 The web page URL includes the extension. The website URL does not include any
i.e., the path of the file. extension.
5 It is comparatively less-complex to It is comparatively more complex to
develop because it is just a smaller part of develop.
the website.
6 The web page address of any specific website Website address (domain) is independent of
directly depends on the website address the webpage address. In case the webpage is
(domain). This means, if the domain is down, deleted due to any reason, the website will
the webpage will not work. continue to work. All other linked web pages
will also work as usual.
7 Contact Page, Registration Page, Sign Up Amazon.com, Wikipedia.org, KVS HQ, etc.
Page, About Page, or any other page like
this.
11 What is the difference between WWW and W3C? 2
ANS The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organisation which
develops standards and protocols/guidelines to ensure long-term growth for the World Wide Web;
Led by Web inventor and Director Tim Berners-Lee and CEO Jeffrey Jaffe.
The World Wide Web, also called the Web, is an information space where documents and other
web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locator, interlinked by hypertext links, and
accessible via the Internet.
12 Write the full form of URL 1
ANS Uniform Resource Locator
13 Identify the following from the URL : https://www.sample.com/cs_books.html Type 2
of protocol being used
Name of the server on the Internet
Domain Indicator
Name of the resource being accessed
ANS HTTPS
Server Name - www.sample.com
Domain Indicator - com
Name of resource being accessed - cs_books.html
14 Give examples of Web browsers. (any two) 1
ANS Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge, Opera etc.
15 What is a web server? 1
ANS It is a computer that serves web pages as and when they are requested by clients.
16 What is the difference between HTML and XML?(any two) 2
ANS XML HTML
New tags can be created Tags are pre-fixed, new tags cannot be created
It is case sensitive It is case insensitive
Ordering of tags matters (nesting of tags must Ordering of tags is immaterial
be in correct order)
It focuses on structure of data It focuses on presentation of data
Matching opening tags and closing tags must be Closing tags are optional
there
17 Give examples of web servers. (Any two) 1
ANS Apache HTTP Server, Microsoft IIS (Internet Information Services) Server, Apache Tomcat, NGINX
18 Give examples of DNS servers. (Any two) 1
ANS Google, Quad9, OpenDNS, Cloudflare, Alternate DNS
19 Give examples of search engines. 1
ANS Google, Bing, Yahoo. DuckDuckGo