Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the findings of the study, which aimed to explore the experiences of
[participants/population] in [research context]. The data were collected through [data collection
methods, e.g., interviews, focus groups, observations] and analyzed using [data analysis
methods, e.g., thematic analysis, content analysis, narrative analysis].
Findings of the Study
The following are the findings of the study:
(The findings of the study are presented below, organized into themes that emerged from the
data analysis.)
Theme 1: [Theme name]
[Description of theme, including quotes from participants and observations]
Theme 2: [Theme name]
[Description of theme, including quotes from participants and observations]
Theme 3: [Theme name]
[Description of theme, including quotes from participants and observations]
Analysis and Interpretation of Data
The findings of the study were analyzed and interpreted using [data analysis methods].
The analysis revealed that:
Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Chapter 5 shall only have the following three subheadings: Summary of Findings,
Conclusions, and Recommendations of the study.
This starts with an introductory sentence which enumerates the contents of this chapter.
Summary of Findings
Findings of the study should be organized by topics in accordance to the problems of the
study as stated in the “Statement of the Problem”. Thus, there should be a definite and explicit
answer to each question. The findings should be textual generalizations, that is, a summary of
the important data consisting of text and numbers. No deductions, nor inference, nor
interpretation should be made otherwise it will only be duplicated in the conclusion. Only the
important results, the highlights of the data, should be included especially those upon which the
conclusions should be based.
Therefore, it must be stated as concisely as possible.
• Use past tense to present the result of findings of the investigation.
• The findings should be presented with a brief introductory sentence.
Conclusions
Conclusions are inferences, deductions, abstractions, implications, interpretations, general
statement and generalizations based upon the findings of the research. They are logical and
valid outgrowths upon the findings.
In writing the conclusion, you go back and discuss the findings in relation to your research
problem and research questions and elaborate these findings by citing key results. Take note
that the conclusions should NOT contain any numerical data since it limits the forceful effect or
impact of the generalizations. It should appropriately answer the specific questions stated at
statement of the problem. They should be worded as if it is 100% true and correct but only
referring only to the population, area and subject of the study. And must be concise yet conveys
very necessary information as required by the specific questions.
Recommendations
The primary purpose of providing recommendations is to discuss how the findings of the
study could be used to improve the present situation of certain area of concern.
In writing the recommendations, it is better to have an introductory paragraph which
recalls the conclusions of the study. The number of recommendations and the number of
conclusions are usually aligned. It is written in an organized manner according to each of the
problem or hypothesis’ findings and conclusions. Each recommendation should be stated in clear
and concise terms and must specify what should be done, the steps required to implement a
policy and the resources needed. Most importantly, all recommendations should be practical,
feasible and doable.
Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
(Introductory paragraph)
Summary of Findings
This study aimed to explore the experiences of [participants/population] in [research
context]. The findings revealed that [summary of key findings, including themes and subthemes].
The study highlighted the importance of [key concepts or themes] in shaping the experiences of
[participants/population].
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the following conclusions can be drawn:
[Conclusion 1]:
[Conclusion 2]:
[Conclusion 3]:
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are made:
[Recommendation 1]:
[Recommendation 2]:
[Recommendation 3]:
