Topic 3:

Class
(Intermediate)

CSC435: OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

Prepared by Siti Norsyuhada Zainudin

Content

Method overloading

Objects as parameter

Object as method / return type

Array of objects

Composite objects

Application
Reserve Word - this
Reserve Word - this

 The reserved word this is called a self-referencing pointer because it

refers to an object from the object's method.
 It can be used to refer to the current object and also data member.
 It is used to avoid naming confusion in the method or constructor
Reserve Word – this : Example 1

public Fraction add( Fraction frac) {

int a, b, c, d;
Fraction sum;
Using this to call a a = this.getNumerator();
method of a b = this.getDenominator();
receiving object c = frac.getNumerator();
d = frac.getDenominator();
sum = new Fraction(a*d + b*c, b*d);
return sum;
}
Reserve Word – this : Example 2

class Person
{
int age;
Using this to public void setAge(int age)
refer to a data {
member this.age = age;
}
...
}
Reserve Word – this : Example 3

public Fraction( ){
this(0.1);
}
public Fraction(int number) {
this(number, 1);
}
Using this to call a constructor public Fraction(Fraction frac) {
from another constructor of the this(frac.getNumerator();
same class frac.getDenominator());
}
public Fraction(int num, int denom) {
setNumerator(num);
setDenominator(denom);
}
Method Overloading
 Method Overloading

 Multiple method with the same name but different parameter

 Two ways to overload methods

Change number of parameters Change data type

Class method{ Class method{
Public void methodTest() Public int methodTest(int a, int b)
{…} {…}
Public void methodTest(int a, double b) Public double methodTest(double a, double b)
{…} {…}}
Public void methodTest(double b, int a)
{…}
Public void methodTest(int a, double c, char ch)
{…}}
Method Overloading

Method Overloading Result Reason

int Strawberry (int a, int b, float c) Invalid Same parameter
int Strawberry (int var1, int var2, float var3)
int Grapes(int a, int b) Valid Different types of parameter
int Grapes(float var1, float var2)
int Orange(int a, int b) Valid Different number of parameter
int Orange(int num)
float Kiwi(int a, int b) Valid Different sequence of data type
float Kiwi(float var1, int var2)
int Mango(int a, int b) Invalid Same parameter
float Mango(int var1, int var2)
Int Mango(int a, int b) Valid Different data type and different
Float Mango(float a, float b) parameter
Method Overloading: Example 1

public class Shape{

private static final PI = 3.14;
//area for rectangle //area for circle
public int calArea(int length, int width) { public int calArea(double radius) {
return (length * width); return (PI * pow(radius,2);
} }
//area for triangle }
public int calArea(float base, float height) {
return (1/2 * base * height);
}
Method Overloading: Example 2

Class definition Main application

class overload{
... Public class mainClass{
public static int sum(int x, int y){ Public static void main(String[] args){
return x+y; } System.out.println(sum(5,9));
Public static int sum(int x, int y, int z){ System.out.println(sum(4,3,8));
return x+y+z; } }}
}
Object as Parameter
 Types of Passing Object

Pass by Value Pass by Reference

 For passing primitive data type.  For passing object type.
 Can change that copy inside  Can change that copy inside
the method, but this will have the method, and have an
no effect on actual parameter effect on actual parameter
(argument) (argument)
 Example: Pass by Reference

Class definition Main application

class Record { class main{
int num; public static void main(String[ ] args) {
String name;
Record id = new Record();
}
//Now we can pass a Record as a parameter to a method.
id.num = 2;
public static void tryObject(Record r) { id.name = “Barney”;
r.num = 100; tryObject(id);
r.name = “Fred”; System.out.println(id.num + “ “ +
} id.name);
} }}
 Example: Pass by Value

Class definition Main application

class Tester{

class MyPoint{ public static void main (String[] args){

{
void myMethod( int var1, int var2 )
int var1 = 10;
{
int var2 = 20;
var1 = 0;
myMethod( var1, var2 );
var2 = 0;
System.out.println( "var1="+var1 +“
} var2="+var2 );
}}
 Object as
Method/Return Type
Object as Method

Instead of using primate data types or void, object can be also used
as a method type.

[Access modifier] [object data type] [method name] ([argument])

{
Statement;
Return object;
}
Object as Method : Example 1

public Fraction simplify( )

{
int num = getNumerator();
int denom = getDenominator();
int gcd = gcd(num, denom);
Fraction simp = new Fraction (num / gcd, denom / gcd);
return simp;
}
Object as Method : Example 2

public Student determineHighest (Student stud1, Student stud2)

{
if (stud1.getScore() > stud2.getScore()
return stud1; //return the object
else
return stud2; //return the object
}
Array of Object
 Array -Recap

 A collection of data values

 In Java, an array is an indexed collection of data values of the same
type
 Arrays of primitive data types

Array of int [ ] 5 8 7 4 9

Array of char [ ] T K D P C

Array of String [ ] “Apple” “Mango” “Banana” “Orange” “Melon”

Array of Object

 Create an array to store object type.

 Passing array as parameter to method; only its reference is passed

Student Student Student Student Student

(name, id) (name, id) (name, id) (name, id) (name, id)
Array of Object - Syntax

class_name[] object_name = new class_name[size];

Student[] person= new Student[20];

Vehicle[] type= new Vehicle[10];

Clock[] currentTime= new Clock[5];

 Array of Object

Clock[] currentTime= new Clock[5]; currentTime [0].setTime(8,15,47)

currentTime currentTime

hr 8

currentTime [0] currentTime [0] min 15

sec 47

currentTime [1] currentTime [1]

currentTime [2] currentTime [2]

currentTime [3] currentTime [3]

currentTime [4] currentTime [4]

Example
Composite of Object
Composite of Object

 A way to combine simple objects or data types into more complex

ones.
 One or more members of a class are objects of another class type.
 “has-a” relation; for example, “every person has an address”
 In other word, a class has object(s) of another class(es) as their
data members.
 In composition, when the owning object is destroyed, so are the
contained objects
Composite of Object - Example
Application
Searching Inside Array of Objects

 The most common operation that we use on array of

objects is searching.
 We can search for:
 Object
with highest/lowest value for any attribute/data
members.
 Object
with specific value for any attribute/data
members.
Example
Our main program..
 Finding student with highest score

You can search student with

minimum score just by
switching ‘>’ with ‘<‘ inside if
Finding student with specific name