Q1a) what is commond from initialized node pakage manager?

The command to initialize Node Package Manager (NPM) is npm init.

Its syntax is: Code
npm init [-y | --yes | -f | --force]
npm init <initializer>
b)what is REPL? stands for Read-Eval-Print Loop, an interactive shell for
Node.js that allows you to execute JavaScript code and see the results
immediately.
c) Four core modules of Node? js are: 1)http 2)path 3)fs (File System)
4)dns (Domain Name System)
d)list any Two methods included under the path module? of Node.js are:
1)path.join(): Joins path segments. 2)path.isAbsolute(): Checks if a path is
absolute.
e) For which task The File System?=(fs) module in Node.js is used for tasks
such as:1)Reading files 2.Writing files 3.Updating files 4.Deleting files
5.Renaming files
f)write a The command to add the dependency "express"? using NPM
is:Code=npm install express
g) The command to install the "mysql" package using NPM is:
Code= 1.npm install mysql

h) write doun the step of the HTTP?= Steps to handle HTTP requests while
creating a web server using Node.js:
1. Import the http module: const http = require('http');
2. Create a server using http.createServer():
JavaScript code=
const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {

// Handle requests and responses here

});
i)write any Two advantages of Node=.js are:
1.Facilitates the integration of pre-built packages2.Helps in managing and
maintaining various versions of codes and their dependencies

j) Two functions of the Buffer used in Node.=js are:1)buf.write(): Writes data

to the 2)buffer.buf.toString(): Decodes and returns a string from buffer data.
a) What is Node.js? Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform runtime
environment that executes JavaScript code outside a web browser. It is built
on Chrome's V8 engine and is used for server-side programming, enabling
developers to use JavaScript for both front-end and back-end development.
Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model, which allows it to
handle numerous requests efficiently.
b) Which type of applications can be built using Node.js?=Node.js is suitable
for building various types of applications, including: 1)Real-time applications
2)REST APIs and microservices 3)Web servers 4)Data streaming applications
5)Network applications 6)Single-page applications
c) What is the use of Registry?The registry, often referring to the npm registry,
is an online database of JavaScript packages. It provides a central repository for
developers to share and reuse code modules, facilitating efficient development
and dependency management.
d) Define Anonymous function.? An anonymous function is a function that is
not bound to an identifier (name). It is often used as an argument to higher-
order functions or for creating closures. Anonymous functions are also known
as lambda functions or lambda abstractions.
e) Explain Web Server?.A web server is a software or hardware that uses HTTP
to serve files that create web pages to users, in response to their requests,
which are forwarded by their computers' HTTP clients. Web servers handle
incoming network requests and deliver web content, such as HTML
documents, images, and other resources, to clients.
f) What is Package in Node.js? In Node.js, a package is a module or a collection
of modules that provides specific functionalities. Packages are distributed
through the npm registry and can be easily installed and managed using the
npm package manager. A package.js on file typically describes the metadata
and dependencies of a package.
g) Explain global package.?A global package in Node.js is a package installed
using the -g flag with npm. It is accessible from any directory in the system and
is typically used for command-line tools or utilities that are used across
multiple projects.
h) List out the parameters of CreateConnection().The CreateConnection()
method is typically associated with database connections in Node.jparameters
may vary depending on the database driver being used, but commonly include:
i) Write down the Syntax to Concatenate Node buffers to a Single Node Buffer?
The syntax to concatenate Node buffers into a single Node buffer is achieved
using the Buffer.concat() method. This method takes an array of Buffer objects
as its first argument and an optional total length as its second argument. The
total length argument is used to specify the length of the resulting buffer
j) Write down the types of modules in Node js.
1.Core Modules. These are built-in modules provided by Node.2.Local
Modules. These are custom modules that developers create for their specific
applications 3.Third-Party Modules 4.CommonJS (export/require) 5.ES6
(export/import)
a) What are Components of NPM:NPM (Node Package Manager) consists
of the CLI (command-line interface), the registry, and the package (module).
The CLI is used to install and manage packages, the registry is a database of
public and private packages, and a package is a module with a package.json
file containing metadata about the package
C.The syntax for configuring a database connection in a Node.js
application varies depending on the database, but typically involves these
steps:1.Install the database driver 2.Import the driver 3.Create a connection.
g)What are Features of Node. Js?1.Asynchronous an EventDriven 2.Scalable
3.Cross-platform 4.V8 Engine 05.NPM Ecosystem.
h) Write about in arrow function?An arrow function provides a concise syntax
for writing function expressions. For example: const add = (a, b) => a + b;

i)What are the Types of streams in Node.js?1.Readable:Streams from which

data can be read 2.Writable:Streams to which data can be
written.3.Duplex:Streams that are both readable and
writable.4.Transform:Streams that modify data as it is read or written.

j) What is module with types?A module in Node.js is a reusable block of code

that encapsulates specific functionality. Types of modules include: 1.Core
modules:Built-in modules like fs, http, and path2.Local modules:Custom
modules created by the user.3.Third-party modules:Modules installed from
npm.
Q2 a)How does node.js handles file request? When a client requests a file,
Node.js handles it in a non-blocking, asynchronous manner, leveraging its
single-threaded event loop architecture. Here's a breakdown of the
process:1)Request Received: Node.js receives the file request from the
client.2.Task Delegation: Instead of directly processing the request, Node.js
delegates the file system operation to the operating system's kernel or a
worker thread. 3)Non-blocking Operation: While the file system operation is in
progress, Node.js doesn't wait for it to complete. It continues to execute other
tasks in the event loop.
b)What is the perpose of object module? In Node.js, the purpose of
module.exports is to define what a module makes available to other modules.
It is the primary way to export functions, objects, or values from a module so
they can be used elsewhere in an application. When a file is required using
require(), Node.js returns the module.exports object of thatfile.module.exports
facilitates code reuse, organization, and separation of concerns by allowing
developers to break down applications into smaller, manageable modules.
c)What is alistener?Explanation of requestListener()The requestListener()
function is a callback passed to http.createServer(). When a client sends an
HTTP request to the server, Node.js invokes the requestListener() function,
passing it two objects: 1. req (Request Object):This object contains information
about the incoming request, such as the request method (e.g., GET, POST), the
URL path, headers, and the request body.2. res (Response Object):This object
provides methods for writing the response back to the client, including setting
headers, writing data, and ending the response.
d)Explain node js process model ? The Node.js process model revolves around
a single-threaded, non-blocking, event-driven architecture. It allows Node.js to
handle multiple concurrent requests efficiently. When a request is received, it
is placed in an event queue. The event loop continuously monitors this queue,
processing requests one at a time.
e)explain Local model ? Local modules in Node.js application allow developers
to structure their codebase into manageable, reusable components. By
defining inter-related functions, objects, and classes within a module, you can
keep your code organized and maintainable. Local modules can represent
anything from utility functions to complex business logic, and they can be
imported into other files using the require function.
f)explain use buffer and how to createbuffer? A buffer solution is a solution
where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is
added at constant temperature.[1] Its pH changes very little when a small
amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a
means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical
applications. In nature, there are many living systems that use buffering for pH
regulation. For example, the bicarbonate buffering system is used to regulate
the pH of blood, and bicarbonate also acts as a buffer in the ocean.
g)Explain NPM? NPM (Node Package Manager) is essential for managing
dependencies in Node.js projects because it simplifies the process of installing,
updating, and managing third-party libraries and packages. By using npm,
developers can avoid reinventing the wheel and leverage existing solutions,
boosting productivity and ensuring code quality. It also facilitates the sharing
and reuse of code within the Node.js ecosystem.

Q3.a)Explain traditional web server model? The traditional web server model
is a client-server architecture where a web browser (client) requests resources
from a web server (server), and the server responds with the requested data.
This model relies on synchronous requests and responses, meaning the client
waits for the server's reply before continuing. Limitations include slower
performance due to the synchronous nature, limited scalability, and potential
for resource bottlenecks under heavy traffic.
b)What is file system? A file system is a method used by an operating system
to organize and manage files and directories on a storage device like a hard
drive or SSD. It allows users and applications to create, read, update, and
delete files in an organized way. Common operations performed on files
include creating, deleting, opening, closing, reading, writing, appending,
truncating, renaming, moving, copying, and linking.
c)what is event explained in detail? An event, in a programming context, is a
signal that something has happened, typically triggered by user interaction
(like clicking a button) or system changes. Event handling is the process of
recognizing these signals and executing appropriate code in response. Two
common methods of event handling are event listeners and event handlers.
e)what is synchronization? Synchronous programming executes tasks
sequentially, blocking other operations until a task is complete. Asynchronous
programming, conversely, allows tasks to run concurrently, enabling the
program to continue executing while waiting for an operation to finish. This
difference is crucial for applications requiring responsiveness and efficient
resource utilization, especially those involving I/O-bound operations.
f)install package locally using NPM? To install a local module using npm, it’s
important to understand how npm (Node Package Manager) works with local
packages. npm allows you to manage and install various JavaScript packages
and modules, whether they’re from a remote repository or locally on your
system.Installing a local module is particularly useful when you’re developing a
module or want to reuse custom packages across different projects without
publishing them to the npm registry.

Q4)a)what is the package of node js? In Node.js, a package is a way of

organizing related modules and resources within a directory structure. It
typically includes a package.json file, which contains metadata about the
package, like its name, version, dependencies, and more. Packages are
fundamental for sharing and reusing code through the Node Package Manager.
b)how to add dependency into package js on? To add dependencies and
devDependencies to a package. json file from the command line, you can
install them in the root directory of your package using the --save-prod flag
(also -S ) for dependencies (the default behavior of npm install ) or the --save-
dev flag (also -D ) for devDependencies.
c)Explain two method of event emmiter class? The EventEmitter class,
commonly used in environments like Node.js, facilitates communication
between objects by emitting and handling custom events. Here are two key
methods:on(eventName, listener)This method registers a listener function that
will be executed whenever the specified eventName is emitted. It allows
multiple listeners to be registered for the same event.
*Q5) a)Explain web server in details? A web server is computer software and
underlying hardware that accepts requests via HTTP (the network protocol
created to distribute web content) or its secure variant HTTPS. A user agent,
commonly a web browser or web crawler, initiates communication by making
a request for a web page or other resource using HTTP, and the server
responds with the content of that resource or an error message.
b)blocking & non-blocking difference? In essence, the core difference between
blocking and non-blocking operations lies in how they handle waiting for a task
to complete. Blocking operations pause the current thread of execution until
the task is finished, while non-blocking operations return control to the caller
immediately, even if the task is still in progress. This means that non-blocking
operations allow the program to continue other tasks while waiting for the
result, leading to potentially more responsive and efficient applications.
c)Explain buffer class in node js? The Buffer class in Node.js is designed to
handle binary data, offering a way to interact with sequences of bytes directly
in memory. It is particularly useful in scenarios where dealing with data
streams, file I/O, or network communication is necessary, as these operations
often involve binary data.Buffers are essentially fixed-size chunks of memory
allocated outside the V8 JavaScript engine's heap, which makes them efficient
for handling large amounts of data. They are similar to arrays of integers but
are specifically designed for byte-level manipulation.
d)Which database dose Node js support? NodeJS applications can use
different types of databases, such as: Relational databases: These databases
store data in tables with schemas and relationships. They are good for complex
queries, transactions, and analysis. Some examples of relational databases are
MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Oracle.
e)Explain REPL? The Readiness and Environmental Protection Integration
(REPI) program is a Department of Defense (DoD) initiative focused on
protecting military readiness by addressing land-use conflicts and
environmental restrictions near military installations. It accomplishes this
through cost-sharing agreements, landscape partnerships, and stakeholder
engagements to ensure training and operations are not hindered. f)Explain
f)working of write head? The response.writeHead() property is used to send a
response header to the incoming request. It was introduced in Node.js v1.0
and is a part of the ‘http‘ module. The status code represents a 3-digit HTTP
status code (e.g., 404), and the headers parameter contains the response
headers. Optionally, a human-readable statusMessage can be provided as the
second argument.