DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES, EFFURUN

PROJECT PROPOSAL

ON

STUDENT ATTENDANCE CHECKER SYSTEM: AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR

AUTOMATED ATTENDANCE

BY

AHEROBO OVIE VICTOR

COS/8810/2021

SUPERVISED BY

PROFESSOR ARNOLD ADIMABUA OJUGO

Executive Summary
In many educational and corporate environments, traditional manual attendance systems have become
increasingly inefficient and error-prone, relying on paper-based methods that result in inaccurate record-
keeping, delayed reporting, and a higher possibility of fake check-ins. In today’s technology-driven landscape,
academic institutions require reliable, real-time attendance tracking solutions that minimize administrative
overhead and ensure data accuracy.
This study is motivated by the following key issues: Inaccurate attendance recording, delayed data processing,
and increased administrative workload.
To address these challenges, this research proposes the development of a Student Attendance Checker
System: An Embedded System for Automated Attendance. The proposed system integrates a dedicated
hardware device with a complementary mobile application, combining modern digital solutions with user-
friendly design. In our enhanced system, both lecturers and students are issued RFID cards for identification.
For lecturers, the sign-up process involves registering their RFID card on the device, setting up a four-digit PIN,
and completing biometric authentication (via face, fingerprint, or password) to confirm identity. At the start of a
session, the lecturer logs into the mobile app, selects the course they are about to teach from a pre-registered list
(based on their timetable), swipes their RFID card, enters their PIN, and completes the biometric step to
authenticate and initiate attendance.
For students, the system employs a robust two-factor authentication process: students first log in on the mobile
app using their email and matriculation number, then register their RFID card on the device with a personal
four-digit PIN, and finally complete biometric authentication. Once authenticated, the system records their
attendance. Attendance is calculated using a semester-based model—for example, if a semester comprises 12
weeks of lectures, each class contributes approximately 8.33% to the overall attendance. Thus, if a student
attends two classes, their attendance is computed as 16.66%, with the mobile app displaying this information via
an interactive progress bar that uses green for 70% or above and red for below 70%. Additionally, the system
employs geolocation verification to ensure that both the lecturer and students are physically present in the
classroom, enhancing the integrity of the check-in process.
The research will be carried out in four phases:
1. Phase 1: Data Collection & System Foundation
 Evaluate current attendance practices and document their shortcomings.
 Collect requirements from stakeholders, including lecturers and students, to design a user-centric
system.
 Develop an initial architecture that outlines the integration between the embedded device and the web
application.
2. Phase 2: Development of Core Embedded Features
 Design and build the hardware components, including the RFID scanning module for both lecturers and
students, along with biometric sensors for two-factor authentication.
 Develop firmware to enable seamless, secure communication between the device and the web server.
3. Phase 3: Mobile Application Integration & Real-Time Data Processing
 Create a mobile application using modern frameworks (React Native for the front end and Supabase
with Postgres SQL for the back end) to manage course registration, attendance data, and dynamic
reporting.
 Implement real-time analytics that update attendance percentages instantly, providing immediate visual
feedback via progress bars.
4. Phase 4: System Testing, Optimization, and Deployment
 Conduct rigorous testing of both hardware and software components to ensure reliability, accuracy, and
user-friendliness.
 Optimize the system for scalability and performance under various conditions, including intermittent
internet connectivity.
 Deploy a pilot version within a controlled environment to gather user feedback and make iterative
improvements.

Expected Outcomes:
a) Enhanced Accuracy: The automated system will significantly reduce errors in attendance recording
through dual RFID and biometric verification.
b) Real-Time Analytics: Instant feedback via dynamic progress bars will allow educators and administrators
to promptly address attendance issues.
c) Reduced Administrative Burden: Automation will streamline the attendance process, freeing up time and
resources for other academic or managerial tasks.
d) Improved Accountability: Two-factor authentication and geolocation verification will minimize fraudulent
check-ins and ensure reliable data.
e) Cost-Effectiveness: By eliminating paper-based methods and leveraging modern hardware and cloud
technologies, the system offers a sustainable, scalable solution.

Background of Study/ Introduction

Nowadays, there exist so many universities around the country with a large student population. Handling a
large number of students is a problem, one of the major problems is taking attendance and ensuring students are
attending their classes (Farag, 2023; Oyedeji et al., 2023) . Managing attendance in educational institutions
represents a major logistical challenge. Traditionally, manual attendance taking is not only time-consuming but
also prone to human errors and potential fraud (Abderraouf et al., 2024) . Attendance in schools is a modality
that has been developed to help monitor the performance and engagement of the students in academic schedules
and activities. Attendance is a vital aspect of academic progress monitoring and report (Tumenayu et al., 2024).
Choosing the technologies that schools need to apply, especially for maintaining student data securely and
effectively, can be confusing (Fupeng, 2021) , in student attendance management, the adoption of smart
attendance systems has shown promise in providing numerous benefits for both teachers and students
(El Mustapha et al., 2025)
. Therefore, adopting innovative approaches is essential to e fficiently simplifying
attendance management as technology advances (Choudhari A, 2024; Panchbhai et al., 2024).
Nowadays, the class attendance record is one of the valuable tools used for assessing students' commitment to
their coursework and evaluating the factors that influence students' performance in their course
(Adeniran et al., 2019; Akinola et al., 2021; Aravindhan et a
. The approach to taking class attendance
has evolved over the years, from manual counting to hardcopy book recording and eventually to different forms
of electronic data recording and storage, as well as various forms of integrated electronic data capture recording
and storage options (Etim et al., 2023).
Researchers have developed different automated systems for the attendance-taking role. Using fingerprint
biometric technology combined with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) would increase attendance records'
reliability and credibility. The fingerprint-RFID-based attendance system speeds up taking attendance, reduces
error, and removes the traditional means of choosing the audience; this means all of it can be accomplished with
minimum human contact and allows easier verification of students (Badmus et al., 2021) . RFID-based
attendance management systems leverage RFID readers and tags to seamlessly track and record student
attendance. These systems offer numerous advantages over conventional methods, including increased accuracy,
reduced administrative burden, and enhanced convenience for both students and lecturers (Choudhari A, 2024).
The lecturer/student will have an RFID tag unique to him/her; this RFID tag will function as an ID for each
lecturer/student. Using this method to take attendance will help save time (Farag, 2023). RFID-based security
system implementation in school management systems can provide numerous benefits to all stakeholders (both
lecturers and students). RFID system implementation in the education sector can be used to improve enrolment
and information systems (Akangbe et al., 2022) . Also, biometric technology has shown great promise as a
means to improve the efficiency of attendance tracking. Fingerprint verification is one type of biometrics that
uses computers to record and check a person's unique physical characteristics, such as their fingerprints, iris
patterns, or facial features. Fingerprint-based attendance systems are widely utilized because they provide a
dependable and convenient method of tracking attendance records in a variety of contexts, including schools and
businesses (Rahman et al., 2023).
In view of this, fingerprints as a form of biometrics (which measures physiological and behavioral
characteristics) are viable to provide a reliable identification system. Fingerprints have certain natural traits that
make them ideal for use in biometric systems. This biometrics method seems to be a faster, more effective, and
more efficient method of collecting data on students or participants in any kind of gathering for attendance. It
can be used to achieve a positive identification with a very high level of confidence, such as an error rate of
0.007% (Garko & Ahmad, 2017). Fingerprint technology using biometrics helps in eradicating the problem of
impersonation since fingerprint recognition and matching is one of the simplest ways of verifying a person’s
identity. It requires the imaging and comparison of the print pattern which includes the ridges and minutia
points. These patterns are unique to every individual. Fingerprint recognition generally refers to the automated
method of verifying a similarity match between two human fingerprints
(Ikuomola & Ikuomola, 2020; Mittal et al., 2016)
.
The Student Attendance Checker System is designed to revolutionize how educational institutions and corporate
environments manage attendance, ensuring accurate, real-time tracking and robust accountability. Below are
some of its core benefits and goals
(Adjhi et al., 2023; Azim, 2020; Eridani et al., 2021; Ikuomola & Ikuomola, 2020; Kishor et al
:
1. Accurate and Automated Attendance Recording: The system utilizes a dedicated hardware device that
incorporates dual RFID authentication for both lecturers and students. Lecturers authenticate by swiping
their RFID cards, while students use their RFID cards combined with biometric verification (via fingerprint,
face, or password) as a two-factor authentication process. This multi-layered approach ensures that
attendance is recorded accurately, eliminating errors common in manual systems.
2. Real-Time Data Processing and Visual Feedback: With instantaneous processing, the system calculates
attendance percentages in real time using a semester-based model. For example, in a 12-week semester,
each lecture accounts for approximately 8.33% of the overall attendance. This percentage is visually
represented on the mobile application via an interactive progress bar with color-coded cues—green for 70%
or above and red for below 70%—allowing for quick and clear assessments.
3. Enhanced Accountability and Fraud Prevention: By employing dual authentication methods (RFID card
swiping and biometric verification) and incorporating geolocation verification to ensure that both lecturers
and students are physically present, the system significantly reduces the possibility of false or proxy check-
ins, ensuring that attendance records truly reflect actual participation.
4. User-Friendly Interface and Seamless Integration: The complementary mobile application provides an
intuitive interface for both lecturers and students. Lecturers can manage course registrations and monitor
attendance, while students can easily view their attendance progress charts. The system is designed to
integrate seamlessly with existing academic databases and administrative workflows, enhancing overall
operational efficiency.
5. Cost-Effective and Scalable Solution: Leveraging low-cost hardware components such as the ESP32
microcontroller and RFID modules, combined with a robust mobile application framework built on React
Native and cloud-based storage via Supabase and Postgres SQL, the Attendance Checker System offers a
sustainable and scalable alternative to traditional paper-based methods, significantly reducing operational
costs and resource consumption.
6. Comprehensive Reporting and Data Analytics: The system generates detailed attendance reports and
interactive analytics, providing educators and administrators with valuable insights into attendance trends
and patterns. This data-driven approach supports informed decision-making and proactive intervention
strategies to enhance student engagement and overall academic performance.
7. Secure and Reliable Data Management: Utilizing secure communication protocols and cloud-based
storage solutions, the system ensures that all attendance data is protected, reliably stored, and accessible in
real time, thereby maintaining the integrity of the attendance tracking process and supporting continuous
operational reliability.

Problem Statement / Motivation

Over the years, many educational institutions and organizations have struggled with outdated, manual
attendance systems that are inefficient and error-prone. Traditional methods often rely on paper-based or semi-
automated processes, leading to inaccurate record-keeping, delayed data processing, and a heightened risk of
false or proxy check-ins. Without real-time analytics and automated verification, administrators are unable to
promptly identify absentee trends or take corrective actions. At the same time, excessive administrative
workloads and resource-intensive processes continue to hamper overall efficiency. Furthermore, the absence of
an integrated, automated system that leverages advanced technologies, such as dual RFID and biometric two-
factor authentication, geolocation verification, and centralized cloud-based reporting, further exacerbates the
problem, ultimately affecting student engagement and institutional accountability.
We draw our statement of the problem as thus
(Adjhi et al., 2023; Nadhan et al., 2022; Osasuyi et al., 2020; Oyedeji et al., 2023;
:
1. Inaccurate Attendance Recording: Traditional manual systems are prone to human error, leading to false
or proxy check-ins.
2. Delayed Data Processing: Without real-time analytics, administrators struggle to promptly identify and
address attendance irregularities.
3. Increased Administrative Workload: Manual methods require significant time and resources, diverting
attention from other critical functions.
4. Lack of Automated Verification: The absence of robust dual authentication—combining RFID and
biometric verification—allows fraudulent attendance practices to persist.
5. Inefficient Data Management: Paper-based systems complicate data storage, retrieval, and analysis,
hindering effective decision-making.
6. No Real-Time Monitoring: Traditional methods do not offer immediate insights, delaying necessary
interventions.
7. Limited Accountability: Inaccurate records make it difficult to identify chronic absenteeism and enforce
accountability measures.
8. Resource Intensive Processes: Institutions expend considerable manpower and time on manual attendance
tracking.
9. Inconsistent Record-Keeping: Manual entries often lead to discrepancies and errors in attendance data.
10. Lack of Centralized Reporting: The absence of a unified, cloud-based automated system prevents
efficient monitoring, analysis, and reporting of attendance trends across courses and departments.

Aim/Objectives
The Student Attendance Checker System aims to revolutionize attendance management by automating data
capture through integrated dual RFID and biometric two-factor authentication, providing real-time analytics,
and enhancing overall accountability in educational and corporate environments.

Some of the specific objectives include:

1. Automate attendance recording using a dedicated hardware device that combines RFID card scanning for
both lecturers and students with biometric two-factor authentication to eliminate manual errors.
2. Provide real-time data processing with semester-based attendance calculations and interactive visual
feedback to promptly identify trends and irregularities.
3. Enhance security by verifying identities through dual RFID and biometric checks, complemented by
geolocation verification to prevent false or proxy attendance.
4. Reduce administrative workload by streamlining attendance management, eliminating paper-based records,
and automating data entry processes.
5. Deliver comprehensive analytics and centralized, cloud-based reporting to support data-driven decision-
making and proactive intervention.

Conceptual Review
The emergence of the Student Attendance Checker System is driven by the increasing need for secure,
efficient, and real-time attendance management in educational and corporate environments. Traditional manual
methods are fraught with errors and delays, often resulting in inaccurate records and slow reporting. In contrast,
our system integrates advanced hardware, including dual RFID authentication for both lecturers and students
combined with biometric two-factor verification, and a dynamic mobile application to provide immediate
verification, real-time analytics, and centralized cloud-based reporting. This innovative approach meets the
growing demand for automated, data-driven attendance solutions, making it a crucial advancement in modern
administrative practices (C.O et al., 2013; Mammen Vinod & S, 2020; Nagarajan et al., 2021).

Previous studies on Student Attendance Checker System include:

(Tumenayu et al., 2024) employed a methodology that combines a mobile application for QR code-based on-
the-go attendance tracking with an online application for administrative activities. The process of registering
includes taking a student's image, which is then saved in the database along with all relevant personal
information. To calculate attendance, the student's image is taken and data is retrieved from the database. The
database's daily attendance is updated by the administrator. After the particular student's photo has been taken,
the data is obtained from the database. A database can be used to update student attendance, and the database
can also provide an excel file with the attendance information (Tumenayu et al., 2024).
(Choudhari A, 2024) leveraged on RFID reader and tags, the system automates attendance logging, eliminating
the need for manual entry. Its user-friendly desktop application empowers administrators to effortlessly enrol
students and maintain a comprehensive database of attendance records, thereby streamlining management
processes. Real-time data synchronization between Arduino and PC ensures instantaneous updates to attendance
data (Choudhari A, 2024).
 (Rahman et al., 2023) employed a structured methodology of sending signals or commands to the internal
controller after matching fingerprints. Further, signals received by the microcontroller were stored in the internal
EEPROM to mark the attendance. There is also a keypad on the circuit board to enrol the new person or to exit
from the screen, prompting the texts related to the received commands. If any student doesn’t attend the class or
is late to the class, then the parents can notify by the SMS system (Rahman et al., 2023).
(Etim et al., 2023) utilized cutting-edge fingerprint recognition technology, including a portable hardware device
with a fingerprint reader, Arduino microcontroller, NodeMCU module, organic light-emitting diode (OLED)
module, and keypad. It also consists of a web application and mobile app that provide easy access to attendance
data captured by the device, making it convenient for both students and faculty members. The system's codes are
written using the Arduino IDE and PHP, ensuring they are efficient and reliable (Etim et al., 2023).

Literature Review
When examining various studies on automated attendance management systems, it becomes evident that while
many models have been proposed, inconsistencies exist in their accuracy, reliability, and user-friendliness.
Traditional attendance methods largely rely on manual or paper-based systems, which are prone to errors,
delays, and data inaccuracies. Recent research suggests that integrating embedded systems equipped with
biometric authentication—such as card readers and fingerprint sensors—along with real-time data analytics and
centralized web applications can significantly enhance the efficiency and security of attendance tracking. Such
approaches not only ensure precise and timely record-keeping but also reduce administrative workload and
support data-driven decision-making for educators and administrators
(Alper, 2019; Aniñon et al., 2020; Basila & Danladi, 2021; Jawad et al., 2022; Khot et al., 2022; Lateef & Kamil, 2
.

Author-Date- Objective/Deliverable Methodology Findings/Strengths Gaps

Title Used
D. Hagenimana Create and deploy an Raspberry pi + 1. Improved 1. Investigating
(2024). RFID-based RFID reader + accuracy and the
Development of an attendance system Servo motors reduces deployment
RFID-Based using a Raspberry Pi administrative of the
Attendance 4B to streamline workload Internet
System Using attendance processes 2. Generates real- of Things
Raspberry Pi 4B, for students and time reports, (IoT)
Case Study: ULK employees at ULK aligning with devices for
Polytechnic Polytechnic Institute. Rwanda's real-time
Institute national monitoring
objectives of and data
utilizing collection
technology to would also
enhance enhance the
governance in system
education Capabilities.
2. Integration
of additional
technologies,
such as
biometric
systems, to
complement
RFID
technology
M. Weinand Design an effective Raspberry Pi + 1. Reduced level 1. Investigating
(2023). Internet of and reliable security Fingerprint sensor of examination the
things security monitoring module + Wi-fi module + malpractice deployment
module using using Raspberry Pi in Webcam + VGA (Impersonation of the
Raspberry PI in an an examination room monitor + SD of students in Internet
examination room so as to card module + an of Things
curb the problem of NOOBS examination) (IoT)
 examination 2. Improved devices for
malpractice. accuracy and real-time
reduces monitoring
administrative and data
workload collection
would also
enhance the
system
Capabilities.

W. Farag (2023). Develop a system that Laptop + RFID 1. Reduced 1. This may
An RFID-based will card + RFID human error. raise an
smart school benefit schools, reader, Visual 2. Data were ethical issue
attendance and parents, and teachers studio (XAF tool) better concerning
monitoring system while saving time + SQL Server organized and privacy.
when taking simpler to It may be
attendance. handle. invading
3. Handle sizable some
database children’s
privacy
because the
system can
tell which
classroom
the student is
in and when
he entered or
left.
M. Rahman, R Check the daily Arduino Mega 1. The developed 1. Investigating
Ahmmed, M attendance of 2560 + system is the
Sarker, K employees through Fingerprint very helpful in deployment
Rumman, A their fingerprint. module + SD card saving the time of the
Rahman (2023). module + of students and Internet
Fingerprint Based indicator + LCD + lecturers, of Things
Biometric GSM SIM 8000 + saving paper, (IoT)
Attendance Power supply + and generating devices for
System Section A- RTC module + reports at the real-time
Research paper keypad required time. monitoring
European 2. The system can and data
Chemical Bulletin record the collection
clock in and would also
clock-out times enhance the
of students and system
workers in a Capabilities.
very
convenient
manner using
their
fingerprint to
prevent
impersonation
and reduce
levels of
absence.
3. It reduced most
of the
administrative
jobs and
minimized
human errors,
 avoided proxy
punching,
eliminated
time-related
disputes, and
helped to
update and
maintain
attendance
records.
A. Etim, J. Henry, Simplify the Fingerprint 3. The developed 1. Investigating
I. Nkan (2023). attendance sensor, Arduino system is the
DEVELOPMENT management process microcontroller, very helpful in deployment
OF for educational NodeMCU saving the time of the
FINGERPRINT- institutions. module, organic of students and Internet
BASED light-emitting lecturers, of Things
ATTENDANCE diode (OLED) saving paper, (IoT)
MANAGEMENT module, and and generating devices for
SYSTEM FOR keypad. reports at the real-time
SMART CLASS required time. monitoring
APPLICATIONS and data
collection
would also
enhance the
system
Capabilities.

Knowledge Gaps Identified

Some of the identified knowledge gaps inherent in previously studied literature include:
1. Limited Automation in Attendance Recording: Many traditional systems rely on manual or semi-
automated processes that are labor-intensive and error-prone. The Student Attendance Checker System
addresses this gap by integrating automated RFID-based and biometric two-factor authentication for both
lecturers and students, ensuring precise and efficient attendance recording.
2. Lack of Real-Time Data Processing and Visual Analytics: Conventional attendance tracking methods
often fail to provide immediate feedback, resulting in delayed reporting and intervention. The proposed
system leverages real-time data processing and interactive mobile application dashboards that visually
display attendance percentages calculated on a semester basis (e.g., 8.33% per lecture in a 12-week
semester), to enable prompt assessments and corrective measures.
3. Inadequate Security Measures to Prevent Fraudulent Check-Ins: Existing systems are vulnerable to
proxy or false check-ins due to limited verification methods. The Student Attendance Checker System
enhances security by employing dual authentication, where lecturers authenticate using RFID cards and
students use both RFID and biometric verification (fingerprint or face) along with geolocation checks to
ensure physical presence.
4. Absence of Centralized Reporting and Data-Driven Insights: Many current solutions lack a unified
platform for aggregating and analyzing attendance data, making it challenging for administrators to monitor
trends and make informed decisions. The proposed system bridges this gap by consolidating data from the
embedded hardware and mobile application into a centralized, cloud-based reporting platform, providing
comprehensive, data-driven insights for proactive attendance management.
Proposed Methodology

Figure 1. Existing Attendance System for Student Attendance Checker System (Panchbhai et al., 2024).
Figure 2. Proposed Methodology for Student Attendance Checker System
 We adopt the existing system because it employs a portable attendance tracking model that uses biometric
fingerprint scanning via an ESP32 microcontroller interfaced with an R307 fingerprint sensor to accurately
capture and verify attendance data. This system transmits attendance records to a centralized database hosted on
a local server (using XAMPP) and utilizes Twilio for SMS notifications, thereby ensuring reliable and precise
attendance tracking with proven fingerprint technology (Panchbhai et al., 2024) . However, while the existing
system provides a robust baseline for automated attendance recording, it is limited in its ability to deliver real-
time analytics, dual authentication, and scalable, cloud-based reporting. Our proposed Attendance Checker
System outperforms the existing model through several enhanced features, which the current system does not
offer, including:
1. Real-Time Attendance Tracking: Continuously monitors and updates attendance data instantly, enabling
immediate insights.
2. Dual Authentication Mechanism: Combines lecturer RFID card swiping with student dual-factor
authentication, using both RFID cards and biometric verification (fingerprint, face, or password), to ensure
attendance is recorded under the correct course context.
3. Centralized, Cloud-Based Reporting: Utilizes secure cloud storage and hosting for scalable, remote
access and comprehensive data-driven decision-making.
4. Enhanced User Interface and Automated Notifications: Features an intuitive mobile application that
streamlines data management and automatically alerts stakeholders to attendance anomalies.
5. Resilience to Connectivity Issues: Incorporates fallback mechanisms to maintain functionality during
intermittent network connectivity.

Expected Results (Outcome and Deliverables)

The intended research will seek to:
1. Accurate Attendance Records: Provide real-time, precise attendance data through integrated card and
fingerprint verification, significantly reducing manual errors.
2. Enhanced Accountability: Minimize false or proxy check-ins with dual authentication, ensuring that
recorded attendance reflects actual participation.
3. Real-Time Data Processing & Visualization: Offer instant attendance analytics displayed via intuitive,
color-coded progress indicators for quick assessments.
4. Streamlined Administrative Processes: Reduce manual workload by automating attendance capture,
thereby freeing up resources for other critical tasks.
5. Centralized Reporting & Data-Driven Insights: Enable comprehensive monitoring and analysis through
unified dashboards and detailed reporting tools.
6. User-Friendly Web Application: Deliver an accessible, robust platform for lecturers and administrators to
manage courses and review attendance data effortlessly.
7. Secure Data Management: Ensure the integrity and confidentiality of attendance records using encrypted
communications and secure storage solutions.
8. Cost-Effective & Scalable Solution: Implement a sustainable system that leverages low-cost hardware and
scalable web technologies to serve growing institutions.
9. Comprehensive Documentation & Deployment Guide: Provide thorough technical documentation, user
manuals, and deployment instructions to support future enhancements and scalability.

The Attendance Checker System is an innovative, automated solution designed to modernize attendance
tracking in educational and corporate environments. By integrating reliable hardware components with a
dynamic web application, the system delivers real-time analytics, streamlined administrative processes, and
centralized reporting. This comprehensive approach not only enhances the accuracy and accountability of
attendance records but also reduces operational costs and supports data-driven decision-making, setting a new
standard for efficient attendance management.

Work-plan/Time Frame Using Gantt Chart

This research will span a period of 8 months spanning from March 2025 to October 2025

Time Line from March 2025 – October 2025

Description March April May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
Study of Existing System / Data Collection
 Model Development / Programming
In-Sample and Out-Sample
Interpretation of Results
Report Writing

During this period, we will: (a) evaluate existing attendance methods, both manual and automated, to identify
inefficiencies and bottlenecks; (b) gather comprehensive requirements and feedback from stakeholders including
lecturers, students, and administrators; (c) design and develop the hardware components—integrating dual RFID card
scanning for both lecturers and students, a four-digit PIN interface, and biometric two-factor authentication, along with
firmware that supports secure data transmission and geolocation verification; (d) create a dynamic mobile application
for real-time attendance data management and interactive visualization, utilizing a semester-based calculation model
for accurate progress tracking; (e) integrate both hardware and software components and conduct rigorous testing to
ensure system accuracy, reliability, and resilience under intermittent connectivity; and (f) finalize the project with a
pilot deployment and comprehensive documentation to support future scalability and enhancements.

Budgetary Allocation
The budgetary allocations are above in the Table below

S/N ITEM/OPERATION Number UNIT TOTAL (N)

COST (N)
Personnel Cost / Allowances
1.1. Programmer (8-Months) 1 (8-Months) 18,750 150,000
1.2. Hardware Engineer (8-Months) 1 (8-Months) 18,750 150,000
Sub-Total N 300,000
2.0. Equipment / Tool
2.1. High-end Laptop (for mobile app development) 1 500,000 500,000
2.2 Essential Hardware Components (RFID 1
100,000 100,000
modules, etc.)
2.3 Mobile Device for Testing 1 50,000 50,000
Internet & Cloud Hosting Subscription (8 1
2.4 50,000 50,000
Months)
Sub-Total: N 700,000
GRAND-TOTAL N 1,000,000

References
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Adeniran, T. C., Sanni, Y., Faruk, N., & Olawoyin, L. A. (2019). Design and implementation of an automated
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https://doi.org/10.17509/coelite.v2i2.59723
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