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class Employee{
String Name = "Raj";
private int empid=1201;
void work(){
System.out.println("This is a work() present in Employee class ");
}
}
class Manager extends Employee{
int age = 30;
void assignWork(){
System.out.println("This is a assignWork() in Manager class ");
System.out.println();
System.out.println(Name);
//System.out.println(empid);// error
}
}
public class InheritanceDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Employee e1 =new Employee();
System.out.println("Name = " + e1.Name);
e1.work();
Manager m1 = new Manager();
System.out.println("Name = " + m1.Name);
System.out.println("Age = " + m1.age);
m1.work();
m1.assignWork();
}
}

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public class MethodOverloading {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MethodOverloadingDemo obj1 = new MethodOverloadingDemo();
obj1.add(10,20);
obj1.add(10,20,30);
}
}
class MethodOverloadingDemo{
void add(int a, int b){
int sum = a+b;
System.out.println("sum = " + sum);
}
void add(int a, int b, int c){
int sum = a+b+c;
System.out.println("sum = " + sum);
}
}

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//Method Overriding and Hierarchical inheritance
class Shape
{
float area()
{
return 0;
}
}
class Square extends Shape
{
float area(int s)
{
return s * s;
}
}
class Circle extends Shape
{
float area(int r)
{
return (3.14f * r * r);
}
}
public class MethodOverriding
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
float area;
Square obj1 = new Square();
area = obj1.area(2);
System.out.println("Area of the Square = " + area);
Circle obj2 = new Circle();
area = obj2.area(4);
System.out.println("Area of the Circle = " + area);
}
}

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class A1{
final float pi=3.14f;
final void display(){
System.out.println("This is a final method");
System.out.println("This method cant be overridden");
//pi=4.34f;
}
}
final class B1 extends A1{
// void display(){
// System.out.println("this is display method without final key word");
// }
void displayB1(){
System.out.println("this is display method of Class B1");
}
}
//class C1 extends B1{
//
//}
public class FinalDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
B1 obj1 = new B1();
System.out.println("pi = " + obj1.pi);
//obj1.pi = 23.6f;
obj1.display();
obj1.displayB1();
}
}

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abstract class Person{
abstract void display();
//non abstract method
static void addition()
{
int a=20, b=67;
System.out.println("sum = "+ (a+b));
}
}
class Student1 extends Person{
void display(){
System.out.println("This is is the implementation of display method of abstract class");
}
}
public class AbstractDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Person p1 = new Person() ;// Abstract method cant be instatiated
Student1 s1 = new Student1();
s1.display();
Person.addition(); // non abstract static method
}
}

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class A
{
int i=20;
void display()
{
System.out.println("display() in Class A");
}
}
class B extends A
{
int i=30;
void display()
{
System.out.println("display() in Class B");
}
void my_display()
{
display();
super.display();
System.out.println("Sub1 i= "+i);
System.out.println("Super1 i= "+super.i);
}
}
public class SuperDemo {
public static void main(String args[])
{
B obj1=new B();
obj1.my_display();
obj1.display();
}
}

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class Student {
int no, marks;
Student() {
System.out.println("Super class constructor");
}
Student(int marks) {
this.marks=marks;
System.out.println("marks= " + marks);
}
}
class Topper extends Student {
Topper() {
System.out.println("Derived Class Constructor");
}
Topper(int marks) { // Student(marks)
super(marks);
}
Topper(double cgpa)
{
System.out.println("CGPA = " + cgpa);
}
}
public class SuperClassConstructorDemo extends Student {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Topper obj1 = new Topper();
Topper obj2 = new Topper(30);
Topper obj3 = new Topper(9.8);
}
}

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interface RBI{
void rateOfInterest(); //No body ; abstract method
// void display(){
// }
}
class ICICIBank implements RBI{
public void rateOfInterest(){
System.out.println("ICICI Bank rate of interest = 5%");
}
}
class SBIBank implements RBI{
public void rateOfInterest(){
System.out.println("SBI Bank rate of Interest = 6%");
}
}
public class InterfaceDemo{
public static void main(String[] args) {
ICICIBank b1 = new ICICIBank();
// RBI r1 = new RBI();// INterface cant be instatiated
b1.rateOfInterest();
SBIBank b2 = new SBIBank();
b2.rateOfInterest();
}
}

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interface IF1{
void show();
}
interface IF2 extends IF1{
void print();
}
class AIF implements IF2{
public void print(){
System.out.println(" this is print method in AIF2 class");
}
public void show(){
System.out.println(" this is show method in AIF2 class");
}
}
public class InterfaceDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AIF ob = new AIF();
ob.print();
ob.show();
}
}

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interface TestInterface{
// abstract method
public void square(int a);

// default method
default void show(){
System.out.println("This is the Default Method.");
}
}
class DefaultMethodDemo implements TestInterface{
// implementation of square abstract method
public void square(int a){
System.out.println("Square of a = " + a*a);
}
public static void main(String args[]){
DefaultMethodDemo d = new DefaultMethodDemo();
d.square(4);
// default method executed
d.show();
}
}

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interface ElectricCar{
// Abstract methods
void drive();
void electricKit();
}
interface PetrolCar{
// Abstract methods
void drive();
void petrolKit();
}
// Multiple Inheritance using Interface
class HybridCar implements ElectricCar, PetrolCar {
public void drive(){
System.out.println("Driving a Hybrid Car");
}
public void electricKit(){
System.out.println("Using the Electric kit for Hybrid Car");
}
public void petrolKit(){
System.out.println("Using the Petrol kit for Hybrid Car");
}
}
public class MultipleInheritance {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HybridCar c1 = new HybridCar();
c1.drive();
c1.electricKit();
c1.petrolKit();
}
}

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public class ExceptionDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// System.out.println("result = " + (10/0)); // ArithmeticException
try{
System.out.println("result = " + (10/0));
}
catch (ArithmeticException e){
System.out.println("Arithmetic Exception is occured, since number is divided by
zero");
// System.out.println("Exception is" + e);
}
}
}

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public class ExceptionDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] Array1 = {10, 20, 30};
System.out.println(Array1[0]);
System.out.println(Array1[1]);
System.out.println(Array1[2]);
// Array1[3]=40; //ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
try{
Array1[3]=40; //ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
}
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){
System.out.println("ArrayIndexOutOfBounds exception is occured, size of an array is
crossed");
}
finally {
System.out.println("End of the Exception");
}
System.out.println("End of the program");
}
}

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public class ThrowDemo {
static void checkAge(int age) {
if (age < 18) {
throw new ArithmeticException("Access denied - You must be at least 18 years old
to vote.");
}
else {
System.out.println("Access granted - You are old enough to vote!");
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

checkAge(15);
System.out.println("end"); //will not execute
}
}

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import java.io.IOException;

public class ThrowsDemo {

void display() throws IOException {
System.out.println("No exception was found till now");
// throw new IOException("Error"); // try with commenting this line
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
ThrowsDemo t=new ThrowsDemo();
t.display();
}
catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("Now the exception occured");
}
System.out.println("End");
}

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//Creating InvalidAgeException as user-defined exception
class InvalidAgeException extends Exception {
public InvalidAgeException (String str) {
// calling the constructor of parent class - Exception
super(str);
}
}

// class that uses custom exception InvalidAgeException

public class CustomExceptionDemo {
static void validate (int age) throws InvalidAgeException {
if(age < 18){
// throw an object of user defined exception
throw new InvalidAgeException("age is not valid to vote");
}
else {
System.out.println("welcome to vote");
}
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
// calling the method
validate(13);
}
catch (InvalidAgeException ex) {
System.out.println("Caught the exception");
// printing the message from InvalidAgeException object
System.out.println("Exception occured: " + ex);
}
}
}

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