Civil Engineering Paper Topics

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 Alain De Botton On Habit
In life, the mind is a useful tool that helps one get things done efficiently. The way our minds
work is truly fantastic and it makes one have abilities to perform in certain areas. Nonetheless,
even though everybody has a mind of their own it is hard to identify or explore problems and
ideas. The mind is always full of things and it makes one only focus on certain things in their lives.
Most of us do not even stop to think about things and or analyze because there is something that
always comes up. In the article, On Habit by Alain de Botton it talks about how things are not seen
in a more in depth perspective. De Botton wants people to stop and focus on things in a different
manner that can be further explored or obtained and share
 How Does Salt Affect The Height Of Ice Cream
Title: What is the effect of salt content on the height of ice cream?

Purpose
The purpose of the experiment was to see if more salt content resulted in higher ice cream
formations.

Background Information
To make ice cream you need milk, half and half, sugar and vanilla. All of these products make ice
cream, but they must be cooled down. That is where salt comes in. Just like when salt is spread on
roads in cold weather to prevent freezing roads, salt in ice cream allows the freezing point to
decrease. Since ice cream isn t just water, salt is needed to make the ice creams temperature below
32 degrees Fahrenheit. The salt makes the mixture of ice cream colder than with just ice. By mixing
the ice and salt, the freezing point gets lowered ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the amount of salt (Tbsp.) increased, so did the height of Ice cream. When two Tbsp. of salt
were used, the data resulted in 4.8 cm, 3.1 cm, and 3.4 cm. When the control (6 Tbsp.) were used,
the height resulted in 7.5 cm, 8.4 cm, and 5.9 cm. Ten Tbsp. resulted in 5.2 cm, 11.4 cm, and 9.8
cm. As one can see, increasing the amount of salt, showed an increase in the height of Ice cream.

Conclusion
The purpose of the experiment was to see if more salt content resulted in higher ice cream
formations. The question the lab asked was What variable needs to be changed to produce greater
ice cream height? The hypothesis was If the salt content increases, then the ice cream formation will
yield taller formations.
The hypothesis was supported. As the salt content went from 2 Tbsp., 6 Tbsp., and 10 Tbsp. The
average went up from 3.6 cm per 2 Tbsp. to 7.2 cm per 6 Tbsp. to 8.8 cm per 10 Tbsp. The
principle guiding the outcome, was the salt, lowering the freezing point.
Works Cited
Singularity. The Science of Ice Cream. Physics Buzz. Physics Central, 24 June 2014. Web. 10
 The Role Of The Gods In The Odyssey
The Olympic gods are the characters in both the Illiad and the Odyssey and their lines are
inseparable from both narrations. Nevertheless, not only their roles are of a different nature, but
also their influence on mortal characters differs. If the primary role of gods lies in a designation of
human fate and their power is determined by the ability to control it, gods fulfill their function in the
Illiad, while in the Odysseytheir role is limited. As a result the unrestricted power of gods and the
predetermination of fate in the Illiad contrasts their relative insignificance in the Odyssey. This in
turn, serves as source of difference in the gods human relationships in the texts. This essay will
demonstrate the manifestations of the disparity in the roles of gods in the narratives and further
reflect on its consequences. The question of the possible causes of the contrast in gods function
raises with the sameness of their external depiction in the texts. In both narratives gods appear in the
human personification. They do not only expereince human... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Thus the power of gods in the text is unlimited and they are free to dispose of the mortals lives,
while people themselves have no control over their destiny. In the Odyssey the role of the gods is
much less direct and is of a different nature. In contrast with the Illiad where gods inflict either
death or glory on the mortals, in the Odyssey they are not able to take humans lives even if they
wish. Zeus makes a comment on the Poseidon s will to keep Odysseus away from home: The
Earthshaker has been after Odysseus Ever since, not killing him, but keeping him away From his
native land
 Disadvantages of Mexico s Economy
The Disadvantages of Mexico s Economy
The United States of America has many advantages such as natural resources, a stable government,
and advanced technology. Its southern neighbor, Mexico, has not had as much luck. Mexico s
unfortunate terrain and unstable government has hindered its ability to gain any significant amount
of wealth as a nation. In his novel, All the Pretty Horses, Cormac McCarthy shows us the difference
in the wealth of these two nations through the travels of John Grady Cole and Lacy Rawlins.
McCarthy gives readers an example of Mexico s economic status when he writes,
How much they pay you?
We was getting two hundred pesos a month.
In Texas what do they pay for this work.
I dont know. Hundred a month.
Hundred ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Similarly, an article from the Economist, shows readers that the justice system remains corrupt
when it claims that, in Mexico, a recent study by CIDAC, a think tank, found that 96% of crimes
went unpunished... As a result, many Latin Americans do not bother to report crimes (Economist).
The article also states that, police [are seen] as part of the problem... police are too often abusive,
corrupt and incompetent or even criminal (Economist). By stating high statistics, such as 96% of
crime [go] unpunished and 75% of crimes go unrecorded , the article makes the lack or crime
control clear. McCarthy and the article from the Economist makes the corrupt status of the Mexican
justice system obvious to readers and helps to show that tainted justice is another factor leading to
Mexico s poor economic status.
A lack of natural resources, leading to barren land, is another contributing factor to Mexico s
struggling economy. McCarthy gives readers an example of Mexico s empty terrain when he writes
about John Grady and Rawlins crossing the border. McCarthy writes:
There were roads and rivers and towns on the American side of the map as far south as the Rio
Grande and beyond that all was white.
It dont show nothin down there, does it? Said Rawlins.
No.
You reckon it aint never been mapped?
There s maps. That just aint one of em. I got
 One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest
Famous American Author Ken Kesey is known for many books but the most popular one One
Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest encounters conflict and some of the character s inner struggles that
are resolved at major prices in the end. Kesey uses the portrayal of fantasy and how people get
caught up and lose sight of humanity altogether to take you through the misconduct of a hospital
ward and how it affects everyone inside. Kesey also explores some of the characters loss of identity
and how some may overcome it but many don t. Ken Keseywas born in La Junta, Colorado on
September 17, 1935. Later he attended Stanford University but soon after served to be an
experimental subject and an aide in the hospital which soon led to one of his most popular... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He also is very influenced by increasing one s dependence with technology and throughout his
novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest he uses rebellion against society and going against the
law. When New York wants to view somebody s personality, they want it in terms of a sound bite,
Kesey said. They don t want to have it get too complex. It s like coming over [to our performance]
tonight. We got caught in the traffic. And I just hate coming to a place late because I know that s
what they expect of me and my Prankster upbringing. [They think] Here he is; he s late; he s
probably messed up. But I m not. I ve always been a reliable, straight up the middle of the road
citizen that just happens to be an acidhead. (Kesey 6). This shows how many people do not
believe that Kesey is a reliable person and that he is messed up in a way from the things that he
has done but he explains how that is not true. The greatest thing Cowley taught me was to respect
other writers feelings. If writing is going to have any effect on people morally, it ought to affect
the writer morally. It is important to support everyone who tries to write because their victories
are your victories. So I have never really felt that bitter cattiness writers feel toward their peers. (5)
Kesey explains how he is not like other writers and he is a just like everyone else and does not feel
bitter to his peers like they are lesser than
 The Person I Picked For My Assignment
The person I picked for my assignment was a women I work with, Jenny. She must accomplish
many duties throughout the day. Jenny is in charge of making sure everything runs smoothly at the
University Relations office at Hofstra Hall. She has a student aid secretary to help her with phone
calls and small tasks. Jenny takes most of the calls herself and sets appointments or meetings for
everyone in the office. She is also in charge of ordering all office supplies, cross checking names
and addresses for all mailing lists, and she helps plan many events on campus. To accomplish all of
these goals, Jenny is constantly working. She is always delegating work to her student aid
secretaries, answering phones to set appointments or help people.... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This is the main building that the original campus was build around. The University Relations
office is located on the second floor and you take a small set of stairs to reach the first door on the
right. Once inside there is a room with two desks. Jenny sits at a large L shaped desk in the left hand
corner. There is a table against the opposite wall were incoming mail for the department head is
placed here, as well as a lamp and some candy in a large bowl. On the right hand side, there is
another desk on the far wall, this is where student aids work. Opposite this desk is two chairs for
people to sit on and a small table with newspapers from the past three days organized on top. In
between the two desks in a door into the office of the department head. To the right of the seating
area is a hallway that spans the rest of the office. There are four rooms each containing one to
three people. At the end of the hallway there is a small room with a sink, a coffee maker, a water
dispenser and a miniature fridge. This kitchen like area also contains the large printer and copier,
as well as filing cabinets full of supplies, documents, and some snacks as well. All of the desks in
the office have little bowls or containers full of small snacks or candy. These are for both workers
and guests to snack on. I got to observe the office setting and Jenny working in it, in a very intimate
way. This is because I am one of the student aides who
 Football Helmet History
Most people either don t know or don t care to know about football helmets. It is something that
you have to enjoy knowing and learning about. Each helmet has something different and different
way they try to make it comfortable and safe for the player to wear. The history of each brand has
a history on how they came up with the idea of making their style of helmet. No matter where the
football game is being played, there are multiple helmets being worn at one time, which include
Riddell, Schutt, Xenith, Vicis and SGH. Riddell was the first Helmet brand for the NFL to have
their players to wear. Riddell is an American company specializing in sports equipment for American
football. Headquartered in Illinois. John Tate Riddell started the company... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
After suffering from head injuries during his football career, he believed that there had to be a better
way to make a football helmet. It was believed he spent years doing research and development on
helmets and launched his first when he felt like it was up to his standards of protection. All of their
football helmets feature Adaptive Head Protection a system of technologies designed to protect
against both linear and rotational forces. Xenith is the only manufacturer to exclusively produce 5
Star helmets under the widely accepted Virginia Tech star system. Other companies have 5 Star
helmets, but they also produce 4 Star, 3 Star and 2 Star products. They believe in a philosophy is
that if a helmet does not excel under the most stringent testing available, it should not be on the field.
That belief system inspires innovation and led to the Xenith EPIC being crowned as the top ranked
helmet in the 2015 NFL Health Safety
 Dr Pepper College Football Essay
Dr. Pepper is the kind of College Football Playoffs. Dr. Pepper owns the naming rights to the
playoffs and the soda drink has become synonmis with college football. However, it is time for
Dr. Pepper to take its marketing and product to the next level, the NFL. During the Thanksgiving
holiday Dr. Pepper bought numerous spots across all television networks promoting their soda
drink and the College Football Playoffs. Dr. Pepper s new Thanksgiving advertiment featured its
regular star Mr. Larry Culpepper while he was tailgating. The ad also featured Buffalo Bills back
up quarterback Cardale Jones, former Oakland Raiders running back Marcus Allen and current
Houstan Texan Vince Wilfork. The ad shows Culpepper preparing his tailgate and Dr. Pepper
signage is everywhere. Culpepper says that tailgating is just as important as the football game itself.
Currently our marketingstrategy features tailgating and that is such an important part of football
for so many fans. Dr. Pepper signage is everywhere in the commerical and that s an important part of
our advertising. We replace beer with Dr. Pepper. Only drink you can have at a Culpepper tailgate is
an ice cold Dr. Pepper. I believe our... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pepper. However, I believe our marketing strategy for Thanksgiving weekend could be improved.
Thanksgiving is about family, turkey, and football. Our advertisments during this time should
revolve around those three things. We need to incorporate tailgating with friends and family and
feature important food items that make Thanksgiving so special. Obvioulsy no Culpepper
Thanksgiving would be complete without Dr. Pepper and we need people who view our
commercials think the same thing. If we incorporate the idea of Thanksgiving into our commercials
more during this weekend we can help convince people that they too need to offer Dr. Pepper during
their Thanksgiving
 Paradox Of Fiction
Fictional works of art are something that is very popular in our culture and draw a large audience,
but why is that when the audience knows that what they are watching is solely a made up story?
The Paradox of Fiction highlights the problem of experiencing emotions about fictional stories. I
think what causes the most questioning is that the audience knows it is purely fictional and in no
way real, but we still feel particularly strong emotions nonetheless. The emotions experienced are in
fact genuine to the viewer, although they are not genuine in a sense of being how one might
respond if they were actually placed in the situation of the characters. I believe that most people use
fictional stories to escape their daily lives and focus on something that they can relate to that doesn t
actually affect their life.
Several questions arise when discussing the Paradox of Fiction: Does fiction matter since it is not
reality? , How does it come to play on our emotions? , Are those emotions real since we would
ultimately react differently had it been reality? . The Paradox of Fiction is hard to understand
because we cannot know for sure why we feel the need to get so emotionally involved in a fantasy
world. The emotions that surface when we watch a scary movie are seemingly as real as if we
were actually in the same situation in our real life. But what causes us to feel this way is something
that is still trying to be understood by many. There is no logical, scientific
 Heroism
INSTRUCTIONS: What characteristics from Emerson s Heroism are most necessary for
defeating a monster like Grendel? Use the Option B Writing Organizer to collect your thoughts
before writing. THE QUESTION: What characteristics from Emerson s Heroism are most
necessary for defeating a monster like Grendel? THE CHART: Use this chart to organize the
information you have learned in Emerson s essay. For help answering the question, also use the
notes you took while reading Beowulf. You will need supporting evidence from each text to write a
well developed, organized response Grendel s Character Traits (choose a minimum of four) Provide
supporting evidence from the poem that reveals the trait. Why would the quality help a... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Heroism works in contradiction to the voice of mankind, and in contradiction, for a time, to the
voice of the great and good. Heroism is an obedience to a secret impulse of an individual s
character. Now to no other man can its wisdom appear as it does to him, for every man must be
supposed to see a little farther on his own proper path than anyone else. Self trust is the essence of
heroism. It is the state of the soul at war, and its ultimate objects are the last defiance of falsehood
and wrong, and the power to bear all that can be inflicted by evil agents. It speaks the truth, and it is
just, generous, hospitable, temperate, scornful of pettycalculations, and scornful of being scorned. It
persists; it is of an undaunted boldness, and of a fortitude not to be wearied out. The characteristic
of heroism is its persistency. All men have wandering impulses, fits, and starts of generosity. But
when you have chosen your part, abide by it, and do not weakly try to reconcile yourself with the
world. The heroic cannot be the common, nor the common the heroic. Times of heroism are
generally times of terror, but the day never shines in which this element may not work. The
circumstances of man, we say, are historically somewhat better in this country, and
 Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum
Details of the museum permanent collection of sculptures of the 70 year career of Detroit based
public sculptor Marshall M. Fredericks (1908 1998)
Viewed at the Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum (September 5, 2014) The Marshall M.
Fredericks Sculpture Museum contains the artwork of the most prolific sculptors of the twentieth
century. Museum features a unique collection of more than two thousand works that span the 70
year career of Detroit based public sculptor Marshall M. Fredericks (1908 1998). He is known
nationally and internationally for his impressive monumental figurative sculpture, public memorials,
fountains, portraits, and medals. The art gallery was full of sculptures that are all in white made by
plaster. On the walls, different kinds of sculptures were hung. Some of them were religious but most
of them reflect daily activities and some of them bring us into a world of imagination and dreams.
As I walk through the gallery looking at the sculptures I read information on the label attached to the
sculptures. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fredericks was commissioned to sculpt a 6 foot tall crucifix, but instead designed this 28 foot full
scale model, for a bronze to be placed at the Indian River Catholic Shrine in Indian River,
Michigan. The sculpture reminds me of church because it represents the crucifixion of Jesus. It had
a facial expression that reveals apparent emotions of pain and sadness. The size and placing of the
sculpture up on the wall is a dominant settling force for the eye, and it contrasts well with other
sculptures around it. The white plaster on the sculpture establishes a powerful element as a visual
 African Slave Trade 1492 Essay
Between the years 1492 through 1750 a new world was discovered that was before unknown to the
eastern hemisphere. New contacts were formed in the Atlantic world due to the discovery and
colonization of the Americas and later African slave trade, which were both very major events of this
time. These interactions mainly affected Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas, whose
economies were broadened and social structures further developed and altered as a result. In
1492, spice trade led to Europe s exploration and discovery of the Americas, their advanced
weaponry allowed for the colonization of the Americas and also slave trade in Africa. Europe was
on the verge of an economic explosion before this time and the Columbian Exchange and
Triangular Exchange between Europe, Africa, and the Americas was the push they needed for their
economy to boom. The Europeans began to grow wealthy at the expense of Africa and the
Americas. The growing economy started to create a middle class and the Europeans began to see
themselves as superior, socially and economically, especially... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Europeans began to export slaves out of Africa and eventually into the Americas through Triangular
trade. This put Africa on the map economically, but this economy began to disrupt their society.
Different tribes began to start wars over obtaining slaves to trade for European goods. Eventually
slave trade also led to a decrease in population in Africa, which caused a loss in potential for growth
and as a result weakened African civilizations. Many regions were left dominated by females
because of the demand for male slaves. This disrupted the previous traditional African family
structure. The Europeans also took it upon themselves to impose Christianity on the Africans, who
formerly practiced many different religions based on their
 How to Calculate Beta
How to Calculate Beta Beta refers to the volatility of a particular stock compared against the
volatility of the entire stock market or, in practice, a representative index of that market, such as
the Standard and Poor s (S amp;P) 500. Beta is an indicator of how risky a particular stock is and
is used to evaluate its expected rate of return. Beta is one of the fundamentals stock analysts
consider when choosing stocks for their portfolios, along with price to earnings ratio, shareholder s
equity, debt to equity ratio and other factors. Here s how to calculate beta and use beta to figure an
expected rate of return. Steps Calculating Beta for a Stock 1. 1... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If the stock s rate of return is 7 percent and the risk free rate is 2 percent, the difference would be 5
percent. 4. 4 Subtract the risk free rate from the market (or index) rate of return. If the market or
index rate of return is 8 percent and the risk free rate is again 2 percent, the difference would be 6
percent. 5. 5 Divide the difference in the stock s return rate minus the risk free rate by the market
(or index) rate of return minus the risk free rate. This is the beta, which is typically expressed as a
decimal value. In the example above, the beta would be 5 divided by 6, or 0.833. * The beta of
the market itself, or its representative index, is by definition 1.0, as the market is being
compared against itself and any nonzero number divided by itself equals 1. A beta less than 1
means that the stock is less volatile than the market as a whole, while a beta greater than 1 means
the stock is more volatile than the market as a whole. The beta value can be less than zero,
meaning either that the stock is losing money while the market as a whole is gaining (more likely)
or that the stock is gaining while the market as a whole is losing money (less likely). * When
figuring beta, it is common, though not required, to
 Champions Of The World Cup
Champions of the World. My dad had grabbed us by the scruff of our necks and pulled us in close
with tears in his eyes, whispering Were going to watch Italy win the fucking World Cup! and
amidst the 90,000 loyal german fans around us I wondered if that was the first time I ever heard
him swear. Rather then jumping around and celebrating, we embraced in a truly passionate hug
and I could feel the sweat on the back of his jersey, as if he had just fought for two hours. We
watched Italy battle Germany for 118 minutes before Fabio Grosso curled a left footer home and
broke the deadlock. My father purchased tickets to two games six months in advance of the
biggest soccer tournament in the world, Italy versus Czech Republic, and the World Cup final.
On July 5th, 2006 at a fan fest in Munich, my brother, father and I sported our team Italy jerseys
and cheered as our team conquered the German squad on their own soil. I remember going
through the ticket gates of Olympiastadion, with a rapidly beating heart, praying to God that our
tickets were real, and that we would be allowed in the gates. The sun was fast descending as we
made our way to our seats and awaited kickoff. Seven minutes in, the french side struck first after
Zenidene Zidane converted a penalty kick, which was cheaply awarded after Florent Malouda dove
in the box, appealing to the referee with his arms flailing around, despite being in the second tier, we
could see there was no contact on the apparent foul. The