PPD Lecture 3
Reflection
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Agenda
• What is reflection
• Why is reflection important for learning?
• Models of Reflection
• Workshop 3: Teamwork reflection
Part 1: Group
Part 2: Individual
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Reflection
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Reflection
Not a description: But:
• Why you did it that way
• What
• How does it help you
• When • How will you change it in the
• Who future
• Where
• How you feel
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Why is reflection important?
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Single-loop learning
Learning from experience
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Double-loop learning (DLL)
Learning from reflecting experience
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Kolb’s Learning Cycle (1984)
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Kolb’s Learning Cycle (1984)
• Our different learning preferences and approaches to learning mean that each
of us prefer some stages of the cycle than others
• To learn from our experience we should think about each and all stages in the
cycle
• A good discipline to adopt to ensure this is to keep a written learning log
• What happened?
• Conclusions you have reached as a result of the experience (learning
points)
• Which of these points do you want to action in future work
• Action plan – what are you going to do/by when?
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Importance at University
• University is about independent learning
• Reflection is a crucial aspect of your learning
• Stepping back and considering the learning gained from our actions
• Reflecting on an experience and writing about it helps you to review it
objectively, to identify and analyse key actions
• It helps you to make connections between what you learn and your
experiences (especially when you were not successful)
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DLL in PPD
• For PPD you need to provide evidence of deep reflection and a developing of
self-awareness
• For a specific learning activity or event, briefly describe what happened.
• What did you learn?
• On the basis of your reflections (especially on your values), what would you
do differently in the future
Note: examining your values implies DLL
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Let’s practice
In your group, think about an example of single loop vs. double loop
learning in one of the following situations:
• One member’s job (if he/she has one)
• A subject that everybody in the group do not like
• A recent extra-curricular activity that all group members participated
• A teamwork of the group
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Why Reflect – Cottrell (2011)?
• Gain a more in-depth and honest picture of ourselves
• Become more aware of our hidden motivations, our thinking styles and of
how we appear to other people
• Develop a better understanding of what affects our own performance and
progress
• Develop our insight and judgements
• Gain control over our own thoughts, emotions, responses and behavior.
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Model of Reflection • Reflective writing
• Personal narrative
Are you a reflector?
- You have been reflecting on things all your
life!
- The things that you have experienced and
how you reflected upon them has shaped who
you are today
- We learn from the events in our lives
- We can use this skill to help us succeed in
our academic, personal and professional lives
Every experience leaves
an imprint!
Reflective practice is –
- To look closely at our experiences
- To notice how we respond to our
experiences
- To find out how our experiences change us
- About the power of our narratives and the
stories we tell
Reflective practice …
Invites us to look Offers a new perspective Is a key to self
closely at our personal on what is going on knowledge
narratives
The ‘First Narrative ’
This is the story I tell myself about who I It informs
am
How I perceive myself
How I present myself to the world
The ‘Second Narrative’
This is the story I tell myself about who It informs
you are
How I perceive you
How I relate to you
The ‘Third Narrative’
It informs
This is the story I tell myself about what
you think about me
How I think I am perceived by others
My sense of self – my confidence levels and
self esteem
How I respond and react to what is going on
around me
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How to think about your own narratives
1. Have your notebook, journal, phone or other gadget to hand
2. Create a 10-minute break or pause in your day (every day)
3. Spend a few minutes reflecting on an experience you have just had
4. Ask yourself: how did this experience affect my first, second or third
narrative?
5. Write down or record a message to yourself (note the date/time)
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The role of self-knowledge
Challenges the status quo
Understand why
Review how we do what we do
Change how we behave towards others and ourselves
So that we can improve our –
Intentions
Decisions
Actions
Reflective writing
• It should be a deep reflection – everyone’s will
(should) be different
• Try to (briefly):
– Describe what happened
– Explain how you felt
– What were the positives and negatives?
– Analyse the reasons
– Conclude what you learnt from the
experience
– Plan how to improve
(http://www.eapfoundation.com/studyskills/learningcycl
e/)
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Reflective writing
What? So What? Now what? model of Driscoll (1994)
and Bolton (1970) :
•What? -- Identify the context and details of the
situation, including both facts and feelings.
•So what? -- What does the situation reveal about the
participants, the setup, and the outcome? What other
theories or knowledge can you bring to bear to make
sense of it?
•Now what? -- How to proceed now that the situation
has been considered? What course of action to take?
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Reflection as a professional skill?
• Reflective learning is something we all need to do throughout our lives –
because we will always be learning.
• In the workplace you must learn from your experiences and your mistakes
• How could you improve? What could you do differently next time?
• You must reflect upon your work and become a “Reflective Practitioner”
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Workshop 3: Team reflection
Outcome
• A group reflection on how your team worked for workshop 1. This can be of
any presentation form (writing, video, podcast, painting, song, etc.)
• A personal reflection on how you worked in team for workshop 1 in form of
writing.
Hint
• You should use MBTI and characteristics of your team members to explain for
how your team worked that way and what could possibly improve.
• You should not describe too much but give more explanation and analysis on
the situation.
