Wiley

Journal of Mathematics
Volume 2025, Article ID 5699805, 10 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/jom/5699805

Research Article
Rings in Which Element is a Sum of the Transformation
Elements of Idempotents and Special Elements

Xinsong Yang and Jiaxin Liu

School of Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China

Correspondence should be addressed to Jiaxin Liu; [email protected]

Received 14 February 2025; Revised 14 June 2025; Accepted 17 June 2025

Academic Editor: Mishra Pramita

Copyright © 2025 Xinsong Yang and Jiaxin Liu. Journal of Mathematics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Tis is an open
access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In this article, further generalizations are made for the nil clean ring and the ur-clean ring, obtained as extensions of the clean ring.
Firstly, consider rings where each element can be expressed as n idempotents plus one nilpotent, any two commute under
multiplication. Some properties of this ring and its relationship to some special rings will be discussed in this paper. Secondly,
replace the idempotent element that make up the ur-clean ring with the quasi-idempotent element to obtain ur-quasi-clean ring.
Finally, the ur-quasi-cleanness will be considered on the involution rings, defne by ∗ ur-quasi-clean rings.

Keywords: clean ring; idempotent element; nilpotent element; quasi-idempotent element; ur-quasi-clean ring

1. Introduction quasi-clean element. Liu have studied nil-quasi-cleanness

on matrix rings in [8]. We will replace the idempotent
W. K. Nicholson proposed the concept of clean for the frst elements that make up the ur-clean element with quasi-
time in 1977. Many scholars have changed the components idempotent for research.
of the clean element by replacing the invertible element
with other special elements, and they study the structure of 2. Notation
the sum of the newly obtained special elements. In 2006,
Diesl proposed the concept of the nil clean element (see For the ring R, take Id(R), QId(R), Nil(R), U(R),
[1]). Furthermore, if the idempotent and nilpotent are C(R), Uc (R), uReg(R) and ∗-uReg(R) being the sets of
commutative, the strongly nil clean element is obtained. In idempotents, quasi-idempotents, nilpotents, invertible ele-
2023, ur-clean ring’s concept was proposed by the author in ments, the center of R, central units, unitary regular ele-
[2]. In this paper, we will make changes to another com- ments, and ∗-unitary regular elements of R, respectively.
ponent of the clean element, the idempotent, considering In [2], we can know there is b ∈ U(R) satisfying a � aba,
two directions: (1) increasing the number of idempotent b � bab, (ab)∗ � ab, and (ba)∗ � ba in an involution ring R.
elements. In 2017, Chen and Sheibani have studied strongly Terefore, a is ∗-unitary regular.
2-nil clean elements (see [3]). (2) Replacing the idempotent
element with the quasi-idempotent element. In 2007, Wang 3. Basic Properties of Strongly Sn,2 Nil
and Liu have studied quasi-clean elements in [4]. In the Clean Ring
same year, a strong quasi-clean ring was defned in [5]. In
2011, Liu expanded the discussion on quasi-clean rings in Defnition 1. Choosing arbitrary a in the ring R, there are
[6]. In 2024, a regular ring is not necessarily clean, as stated elements e1 , e2 , . . . , en ∈ Id(R), g ∈ Nil(R), any two com-
in [7]. Replace the idempotent element with a quasi- mute under multiplication, satisfying a � e1 + e2 + · · · +
idempotent in the nil clean element to form the nil- en + g. Ten, R is strongly Sn,2 nil clean.
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2 Journal of Mathematics

Lemma 1. Assuming R is a ring, the subsequent statements Example 1. Focus on the ring of positive integers Z.
are equivalent: Id(Z) � {0, 1}, Nil(Z) � {0}. Clearly, Z is strongly Sn,2 nil
clean, but not strongly nil clean.
1. R is strongly Sn,2 nil clean.
2. For arbitrary a ∈ R, a � e1 − e2 − · · · − en + g, where
Defnition 3. If for arbitrary a ∈ R, a3 � a, then R is
ei ∈ Id(R), g ∈ Nil(R), i ∈ {1, 2, . . . , n}, any two com-
a tripotent ring.
mute under multiplication.
Theorem 2. Assuming R is a ring, idempotents are centrally
Proof 1. Te proof is easy and thus omitted for brevity. □ lifted modulo Nil(R). If R/Nil(R) is a tripotent ring, then R is
strongly Sn,2 nil clean, n ≥ 2.
Proposition 1. Assuming R is a strongly Sn,2 nil clean ring.
Ten, arbitrary a ∈ R is represented as the sum of n idem- Proof 4. From the assumption, 6 � 23 − 2 ∈ Nil(R), a3 −
potents, n invertible elements, and one nilpotent. a ∈ Nil(R), (a2 − a) − (a2 − a)3 ∈ Nil(R). (a2 − a) − (a2 − a)3
� a2 − a − a6 + 3a5 − 3a4 + a3 � − a3 (a3 − a) + 3a2 (a3 −
a) − 4a(a3 − a) − 3a2 + 3a, then 3a2 − 3a ∈ Nil(R). Tus,
Proof 2. For arbitrary a ∈ R, there are the elements
(− 2a2 )2 − (− 2a2 ) � 4a4 + 2a2 � (6a4 − 2a4 ) + 2a2 � 6a4 +
e1 , e2 , . . . , en ∈ Id(R), g ∈ Nil(R), all of which commute with
each other, such that a � e1 + e2 + · · · + en + g. Ten, 2a(a − a3 ) ∈ Nil(R), (a + 2a2 )2 − (a + 2a2 ) � (3a2 − 3a)
a � [(1 − e1 ) + (2e1 − 1)] + · · · + [(1 − en ) + (2en − 1)] + g, + 4(a3 − a) + 6a + 4a(a3 − a) ∈ Nil(R). Based on the as-
any two elements commute. Since e1 , e2 , . . . , en ∈ Id(R), we sumption, there are ei � e2i ∈ C(R), i ∈ {1, 2} such that
(− 2a2 ) − e1 ∈ Nil(R), (a + 2a2 ) − e2 ∈ Nil(R). At this point,
can write (1 − ei )2 � 1 + e2i − 2ei � 1 − ei and (2ei − 1)2
a − e1 − e2 � [(− 2a2 ) − e1 ] + [(a + 2a2 ) − e2 ] ∈ Nil(R), any
� 4e2i − 4ei + 1 � 1. Ten, 1 − ei ∈ Id(R), 2ei − 1 ∈ U(R),
two elements commute. Terefore, R is a strongly Sn,2 nil
and i ∈ {1, 2, . . . , n}. Terefore, the proposition has been
proven. □ clean ring, n ≥ 2. Te proposition has been proven. □

Example 2. Consider Z/3Z � Z3 . Nil(Z3 ) � {0}. Idempo-

Theorem 1 (see [9]). Te ring R is strongly Sn,2 nil clean. tents are centrally lifted modulo Nil(Z3 ).
(n + 1)! is nilpotent, n ≥ 1. Z3 /Nil(Z3 ) � {1, 2} is tripotent. Clearly, Z3 is strongly Sn,2
nil clean.
Lemma 2 (see [9]). Take p being a prime.
p
xi � xi , i � 1, 2, . . . , n. Ten, (􏽐ni�1 xi )p − 􏽐ni�1 xi is a multiple Lemma 3 (see [11]). Choose a ∈ R, if a2 − a ∈ Nil(R), then
of p. there is a monic polynomial θ(t) ∈ Z[t] making
θ(a)2 � θ(a), and let a − θ(a) be nilpotent.
Defnition 2 (see [10]). R is a ring, I is an ideal, and
idempotents are called centrally lifted modulo I, if for ar- Proposition 3. R is a ring, for the subsequent statements:
bitrary a, a2 − a ∈ I, there is x � x2 ∈ C(R) making 1. R is strongly Sn,2 nil clean, 3 ∈ Nil(R).
a − x ∈ I.
2. Choosing arbitrary a ∈ R, the tripotent element e can
be found to make ea � ae, a − e ∈ Nil(R).
Proposition 2. Assuming the ring R is strongly Sn,2 nil clean, 3. Taking a ∈ R, there is a tripotent e satisfying
idempotents are centrally lifted modulo Nil(R). Ten, R is (1 + e)(a − a2 ) ∈ Nil(R).
strongly nil clean.
4. For arbitrary a ∈ R, a − a3 ∈ Nil(R), namely,
R/Nil(R) is tripotent.
Proof 3. According to Teorem 1, when n � 1, R is strongly
5. Te ring R/Nil(R) is 2-Boolean.
S1,2 nil clean. 2! � 2 ∈ Nil(R). When n ≥ 1, take a ∈ R. Under
the condition, there are the elements e1 , e2 , . . . , 6. a2 ∈ R is strongly nil clean, for arbitrary a in R.
en ∈ Id(R), g ∈ Nil(R), all of which commute with each
other, such that a � e1 + e2 + · · · + en + g. According to We have (2) ⇒ (4) ⇒ (5), (1) ⇒ (4) ⇒ (6), (1) ⇒ (3).
Lemma 2, (e1 + e2 + · · · + en )2 − (e1 + e2 + · · · + en ) �
2K ∈ Nil(R) holds. Based on the assumption, there is x � Proof 5. (4) ⇒ (5): Obviously. □
x2 ∈ C(R) making e1 + e2 + · · · + en − x ∈ Nil(R). Tus,
a � x + (e1 + e2 + · · · + en − x) + g � x + v, where v � (e1 + (2) ⇒ (4): Take a � e + g, e3 � e, ea � ae, then a − a3 �
e2 + · · · + en − x) + g ∈ Nil(R), xv � vx. Consequently, R is (e + g) − (e + g)3 � − 3eg2 − 3e2 g + g − g3 ∈ Nil(R).
strongly nil clean. □ (4) ⇒ (6): Let a ∈ R, a − a3 ∈ Nil(R), then
2 4
a − a ∈ Nil(R), According to Lemma 3, there is e ∈ R that
Strongly nil clean rings are always strongly Sn,2 nil clean, is idempotent making a2 − e nilpotent and a2 e � ea2 .
but the opposite does not necessarily hold. Terefore, a2 is strongly nil clean.
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Journal of Mathematics 3

(1) ⇒ (4): Take a ∈ R. Tere are Proposition . Assuming I is an ideal of a ring R, I ⊆ Nil(R).
e1 , e2 , . . . , en ∈ Id(R), g ∈ Nil(R), any two elements com- Ten, R/I is strongly Sn,2 nil clean precisely when R is
mute, making a � e1 + e2 + · · · + en + g. Ten, a − a3 � (e1 + a strongly Sn,2 nil clean ring.
e2 + · · · + en + g) − (e1 + e2 + · · · + en + g)3 � (e1 + e2 + · · · +
en ) + g − (e1 + e2 + · · · + en )3 − g3 − 3(e1 + e2 + · · · + en )g2 − Proof 8. Te sufciency is derived from Proposition 4. □
3(e1 + e2 + · · · + en )2 g. Since ei ∈ Id(R), i ∈ {1, 2, . . . , n}, it
follows that e21 � e1 , e22 � e2 , . . . , e2n � en . Ten, e31 � e1 , Necessity: R � R/I. For arbitrary x ∈ R,
e32 � e2 , . . . , e3n � en . And 3 is a prime number, so from x � e1 + e2 + · · · + en + g, where ei ∈ Id(R), g ∈ Nil(R), i ∈
Lemma 2, it can be concluded that (e1 + e2 + {1, 2, . . . , n}. I ⊆ Nil(R) is an ideal. Tus,
· · · + en ) − (e1 + e2 + · · · + en )3 � 3K. Tus, a − a3 � 3K + Nil(R/I) � Nil(R) + I/I. Ten, x � e1 + e2 + · · · + en +
g − g3 − 3(e1 + e2 + · · · + en )g2 − 3(e1 + e2 + · · · + en )2 g. (g + r), where ei ∈ Id(R), i � 1, 2, . . . , n, g ∈ Nil(R), r ∈ I ⊆
Furthermore, 3 ∈ Nil(R), thus a − a3 ∈ Nil(R). Nil(R), any two elements commute. Terefore, the
(1) ⇒ (3): Let a ∈ R. Tere are necessity holds.
e1 , e2 , . . . , en ∈ Id(R), g ∈ Nil(R), all of which commute with
each other, making a � e1 + e2 + · · · + en + g. Let e � 􏽐ni�1 ei , Corollary 2. Assuming the ring R is strongly Sn,2 nil clean,
idempotents are centrally lifted modulo Nil(R). Ten,
then a − a2 � (e + g) − (e + g)2 � e − e2 + (g − g2 − 2eg).
R/Nil(R) is strongly Sn,2 nil clean precisely when R is strongly
Te equation multiplied by e results in
Sn,2 nil clean.
e(a − a2 ) � e2 − e3 + e(g − g2 − 2eg). Adding the two
equations gives (1 + e)(a − a2 ) � e − e3 + (1 + e)(g − g2
− 2eg). Furthermore, since e1 , e2 , . . . , en ∈ Id(R), it follows 4. Expansive Properties of Strongly Sn,2 Nil
that e21 � e1 , e22 � e2 , . . . , e2n � en . Ten, e31 � e1 , e32 � e2 , . . . , Clean Ring
e3n � en . And 3 is a prime number, from Lemma 2,
e − e3 � 3K. 3 ∈ Nil(R), thus (1 + e)(a − a2 ) ∈ Nil(R). Defnition 4 (see [3]). R is a Yaqub ring, if R is the subdirect
product of Z3 ’s.
Lemma 4 (see [12]). 2 ∈ U(R), a3 − a ∈ Nil(R). Ten, there
Lemma (see [3]). A ring R is tripotent precisely when it is
is a polynomial θ(t) ∈ Z[t] making θ(a)3 � θ(a), a Boolean ring, a Yaqub ring or a product of these types
a − θ(a) ∈ Nil(R). of rings.

Corollary 1. 2 ∈ U(R). Ten, the conditions (2) and (4) in Corollary 3. Assuming R is a ring, idempotents are centrally
Proposition 3 are equivalent. lifted modulo Nil(R). If R/Nil(R) is isomorphic to a Boolean
ring, a Yaqub ring or the product of these types of rings, then R
Proof 6. (2) ⇒ (4): In Proposition 3, it has been proven. □ is strongly Sn,2 nil clean, where n is an even number.

(4) ⇒ (2): According to Lemma 4, there exists e that is Proof 9. It can be concluded from Lemma 5 and
tripotent making a − e nilpotent, e3 � e and ae � ea. Teorem 2. □
Proposition 4. Te subsequent statements are valid: Lemma 6 (see [3]). R is a Boolean ring precisely when R is
1. A strongly Sn,2 nil clean ring is strongly Sn,2 nil clean tripotent, 2 ∈ Nil(R).
under a homomorphism.
Proposition 6. Choosing R is a tripotent strongly Sn,2 nil
2. Assuming 􏼈Ri 􏼉 a family of rings, i � 1, 2, . . . , k. Ten,
clean ring, R is Boolean.
R � 􏽑ki�1 Ri is strongly Sn,2 nil clean precisely when
every Ri is strongly Sn,2 nil clean, i � 1, 2, . . . , k. Proof 10. From the proof of Proposition 2, 2 ∈ Nil(R).
According to Lemma 6, R is Boolean. □
Proof 7
Proposition 7. Let the ring R be strongly Sn,2 nil clean.
1. Choose a ring R that is strongly Sn,2 nil clean, I is an Choosing arbitrary a in R, the tripotent element e can be
arbitrary ideal. For any r∈ R/I, r ∈ R, there are found to make a − e ∈ Nil(R), ea � ae. Ten, R/Nil(R) is
e1 , e2 , . . . , en ∈ Id(R), g ∈ Nil(R), any two elements Boolean.
commute, making r � e1 + e2 + · · · + en + g. Ten,
r � e1 + e2 + · · · + en + g, where ei 2 � ei , i � 1, 2, . . . , Proof 11. From the proof of Proposition 2, 2 ∈ Nil(R). Ten,
n, g ∈ Nil(R)/I ⊆ Nil(R/I) and any two elements 2 � 0 ∈ R/Nil(R). From Proposition 3, R/Nil(R) is tripo-
commute. Terefore, R/I is strongly Sn,2 nil clean. tent. Terefore, R/Nil(R) is Boolean according to
2. For any i ∈ {1, 2, . . . , k}, let I � R1 × · · · × Ri− 1 × Lemma 6. □
0 × Ri+1 × · · · × Rk . Ten, I is an ideal, R/I � Ri . From
(1), Ri is strongly Sn,2 nil clean. □ Defnition 5 (see [13]). Nil(R) � J(R), R is a NJ ring.
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4 Journal of Mathematics

Defnition 6 (see [14]). R is a 2-UJ ring, if u2 � 1 + j where 0 0 0 b4′ b5′ . . . bn′

j ∈ J(R), u ∈ U(R). 0 x12 . . . x1n ⎜
3
⎛
⎜
⎜ 0 0 0 0 c5′ . . . cn′ ⎞ ⎟
⎟
⎟
⎜
⎜
⎜ ⎟
⎟
⎟
⎜
⎛
⎜
⎜ 0 0 . . . x ⎟
⎞
⎟
⎟ ⎜
⎜
⎜ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⎟
⎟
⎟
⎜
⎜
⎜
2n ⎟
⎟ � ⎜
⎜ ⎟
⎟
⎟ . By
Defnition 7 (see [15]). For arbitrary a ∈ R, there is ⎝⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ ⎟ ⎠ ⎜
⎜
⎜ 0 0 0 0 0 . . . d ′ ⎟
⎟
⎜
⎜ n ⎟
⎟
⎟
a � e − f + u, and e, f ∈ Id(R) are orthogonal, u ∈ U(R). 0 0 ... 0 ⎜
⎝ 0 0 0 0 0 ... 0 ⎟ ⎠
Ten, R is a feebly clean ring, 0 0 0 0 0 ... 0
proceeding step by step, I ⊆ Nil(Dn (R)). R � Dn (R)/I.
Theorem 3 (see [10]). Choose a ring R. If R/J(R) is reduced According to Proposition 4, Dn (R) is strongly Sn,2 nil clean.
and idempotents are centrally lifted modulo Nil(R), the given Proposition has been proven.
conditions are equivalent:
1. R is strongly 2-idem-J-clean; Proposition 10. Take R being a ring, R[x] is a polynomial
ring. Te given conclusions hold the following:
2. R is a feebly clean ring, 2-UJ ring.
1. R[x] is strongly Sn,2 nil clean. Ten, R is strongly Sn,2
nil clean.
Proposition 8. Assuming that R is a feebly clean ring, 2-UJ
ring, and NJ ring. R/J(R) is reduced, and idempotents are 2. R is commutative. Ten, R[x] is not strongly Sn,2
centrally lifted modulo Nil(R). Ten, R is strongly Sn,2 nil clean.
nil clean.
Proof 14
Proof 12. From the proof of Teorem 3 (see [10]),
R � R/2R × R/3R. Make R1 � R/2R, R2 � R/3R, and R1 , R2 1. According to Proposition 4 and R � R[x]/(x), the
are strongly 2-idem-J-clean rings. R is a NJ ring, thus R1 , R2 proposition holds.
are strongly S2,2 nil clean. Terefore, From Proposition 4, R 2. Assuming R[x] is strongly Sn,2 nil clean, then
is strongly Sn,2 nil clean. □ x � e1 + e2 + · · · + en + g(x),
ei ∈ Id(R), i � 1, 2, . . . , n, and g(x) is a nilpotent
Example 3. Consider Z/2Z � Z2 . U(Z2 ) � {1}, Id(Z2 ) � polynomial of R[x]. Let g(x) � a0 + a1 x + · · · +
m
{0, 1}, J(Z2 ) � {0}, Nil(Z2 ) � {0}. Ten, J(Z2 ) � Nil(Z2 ), am xm , 􏼈ai 􏼉i�1 ∈ Nil(R). Plug it in the equation, we can
thus Z2 is a NJ ring. 0 � 0 − 1 + 1, 1 � 0 − 0 + 1, then Z2 is obtain primary term coefcient a1 � 1, which con-
feebly clean. U(Z2 ) � {1}, then u2 − 1 � 0 ∈ J(Z2 ). Tere- tradicts a1 ∈ Nil(R). Consequently, R[x] is not
fore, Z2 is a 2-UJ ring. Clearly, Z2 /J(Z2 ) is reduced, and strongly Sn,2 nil clean. □
idempotents are centrally lifted modulo Nil(Z2 ). Z2 is
strongly Sn,2 nil clean.
Defnition 8 (see [16]). R is δ-Armendariz ring, if f(x) �
Proposition 9. Assuming R is a commutative ring. Ten, 􏽐m i n j
i�0 ai x , g(x) � 􏽐j�0 bj x ∈ R[x; δ] make f(x)g(x) � 0 for
⎪
⎧
⎪ x x12 . . . x1n ⎪
⎫
⎪ each i, j.
⎪
⎨⎜⎛
⎜ ⎟
⎞
⎟ ⎪
⎬
⎜
⎜ 0 x . . . x 2n ⎟
⎟
Dn (R) � ⎪⎝ ⎜ ⎟
⎟
⎠ |x, xij ∈ R, i < j⎪ is strongly
⎪
⎪ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ ⎪
⎪ Lemma 7 (see [10]). Let the ring R be δ-Armendariz.
⎩ ⎭
0 0 ... x f(x) � 􏽐ni�0 ai xi ∈ R[x; δ], f(x) � f2 (x). Ten,
Sn,2 nil clean precisely when R is strongly Sn,2 nil clean. aj (a0 − 1) � 0, aj ak � 0, j ∈ {0, 1, . . . , n}, k ∈ {1, 2, . . . , n}.

Proof 13. Necessity: Take Proposition 11. For a ring R, R[x; δ] is a diferential
⎪
⎧
⎪ 0 x 12 . . . x 1n ⎪
⎫
⎪ polynomial, then the given conclusions hold
⎪
⎨⎛ ⎜ ⎟ ⎪
⎬
⎜ 0 0 . . . x2n ⎞ ⎟
I � ⎪⎜ ⎜
⎜
⎜
⎝
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎠ |x ij ∈ R, i < j ⎪ , R � Dn (R)/I, I 1. R[x; δ] is strongly Sn,2 nil clean. Ten, R is strongly Sn,2
⎪
⎪ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ ⎪
⎪
⎩ ⎭ nil clean.
0 0 ... 0
is an ideal. Consequently, according to Proposition 4, R is 2. R is δ-Armendariz. Ten, R[x; δ] is not strongly Sn,2
strongly Sn,2 nil clean. □ nil clean.

0 x12 . . . x1n
⎜
⎛ ⎟ Proof 15
⎜
⎜
⎜ 0 0 . . . x2n ⎞ ⎟
⎟
⎟
Sufciency: For any ⎜
⎝⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ ⎟
⎜ ⎠ ∈ I, there are
⎟ 1. According to Proposition 4 and R[x; δ]/(x) � R, the
0 0 ... 0 proposition holds.
0 0 b3 b4 . . . bn 2. Assuming R[x; δ] is strongly Sn,2 nil clean, then
0 x12 . . . x1n 2 ⎛⎜ ⎟
⎜
⎛ ⎟ ⎜
⎜
⎜ 0 0 0 c4 . . . cn ⎞ ⎟
⎟
⎟ x � f1 (x) + f2 (x) + · · · + fn (x) + g(x), where
⎜
⎜
⎜ 0 0 . . . x2n ⎞⎟
⎟
⎟ ⎜
⎜
⎜ ⎟
⎟
⎟
⎜
⎝⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎠ � ⎜
⎜
⎜ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⎟
⎟
⎟ , g(x) ∈ Nil(R[x; δ]), fi ∈ Id(R[x; δ]), i ∈ {1, 2, . . . ,
⎝ 0 0 0 0 ... d ⎟
⎜
⎜ ⎟
⎠ n}. Let f1 (x) � a10 + a11 x + · · · + a1m1 xm1 , f2
n
0 0 ... 0
0 0 0 0 ... 0 (x) � a20 + a21 x + · · · + a2m2 xm2 , . . . , fn (x) � an0 +
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Journal of Mathematics 5

an1 x + · · · + anmn xmn , g(x) � b0 + b1 x + · · · + bt xt . Necessity: Let r ∈ R, for any k ∈ N there is α− k (r) ∈ S.
Plug it in the equation, we can obtain a primary term Tere are e1 , e2 , . . . , en ∈ Id(S), g ∈ Nil(S), any two elements
coefcient 1 � a11 + a21 + · · · + an1 + b1 . From Lemma commute, making α− k (r) � e1 + e2 + · · · + en + g. Since
7, a211 � a221 � · · · � a2n1 � 0. b1 ∈ Nil(R), then S � ∪∞ −k
k�0 α (R), there are s1 , s2 , . . . , sn , t ∈ N such that
1 ∈ Nil(R), contradiction. Terefore, R[x; δ] is not e1 ∈ α (R), . . . , en ∈ α− sn (R), g ∈ α− t (R). Ten, αs1 (e1 ), αs2
− s1
strongly Sn,2 nil clean. □ (e2 ), . . . , αsn (en ) ∈ R, αt (g) ∈ R. Let k � max􏼈s1 , s2 , . . . ,
sn , t}, there exists r � αk (e1 ) + αk (e2 ) + · · · + αk (en ) + αk (g),
Proposition 12. Take (I, ≤ ) being a direct set, 􏼈Aα |α ∈ I􏼉 is where αk (e1 ), αk (e2 ), . . . , αk (en ) ∈ Id(R), αk (g) ∈ Nil(R),
a family of ring, (A, (ηα )α∈I) is a direct limit. If ηα : Aα ⟶ A any two elements commute. Necessity is proven.
is an isomorphism and each Aα is strongly Sn,2 nil clean, then
A � lim⟶ Aα is strongly Sn,2 nil clean. 5. Ur-Quasi-Clean Ring
Proof 16. A � ∪ α∈I Inηα . For arbitrary element a in A, In 2023, ur-clean rings were proposed (see [2]). Choose
ηα (aα ) � a, where aα ∈ Aα . Since Aα is strongly Sn,2 nil clean, arbitrary a ∈ R, a � e + r, where e ∈ Id(R), r ∈ uReg(R). R
aα � eα1 + eα2 + · · · + eαn + gα , where eα1 , eα2 , . . . , eαn ∈ is a ur-clean ring.
Id(Aα ), gα ∈ Nil(Aα ). Tus, a � ηα (eα1 ) + ηα (eα2 ) + · · · + Similarly, we defne ur-quasi-clean rings.
ηα (eαn ) + ηα (gα ). ηα : Aα ⟶ A is an isomorphism, then
ηα (eα1 ), ηα (eα2 ), . . . , ηα (eαn ) ∈ Id(A), ηα (gα ) ∈ Nil(A) and Defnition 9. A ring R is ur-quasi-clean if arbitrary its el-
they satisfy the multiplicative commutativity pairwise. ement is ur-quasi-clean, i.e., for arbitrary a in R, a � e + r,
Terefore, the proposition has been proven. □ where e ∈ QId(R) and r ∈ uReg(R).
Proposition 13 (see [10]). Assuming that α is a mono-
morphism of ring R, S is an extending ring of R. If α can be Theorem 4. If R is a commutative ur-clean ring, then for
extended to an isomorphism of S, S � ⋃∞ −k arbitrary a ∈ R, there is a nonzero quasi-idempotent element
k�0 α (R), then S is
called that the ring R Jordan extend by α. in aR or a is clean.

Proposition 14. Assuming that α is an automorphism of ring Proof 18. Suppose aR does not contain nonzero quasi-
R. Ten, R through the Jordan extending of α, S is strongly Sn,2 idempotent elements, take a � e + r, where r ∈ uReg(R),
nil clean precisely when R is strongly Sn,2 nil clean. then r � rsr, where s ∈ U(R). Take h � krs and k ∈ Uc (R),
then r � 1 − (1/k)h + (r − 1 + (1/k)h), u � r − 1 + (1/k)h ∈
Proof 17. Sufciency: For arbitrary a ∈ S, there is k ∈ N U(R), and u− 1 � (1/k)sh − (1 − (1/k)h), then r is a clean
making αk (a) ∈ R. Tere are e1 , e2 , . . . , en ∈ Id(R), g ∈ Nil element, a � e + 1 − (1/k)h + u. Furthermore, ah � (e + 1 −
(R), any two elements commute, making αk (a) � e1 + (1/k)h + u)h � eh + rh � eh + kr, ka − ah � k(e + r) −
e2 + · · · + en + g. Ten, α− k (αk (a)) � α− k (e1 + e2 + · · · + en + (eh + kr) � e(k − h), and [e(k − h)]2 � e(k2 − kh) � k[e(k
g) � α− k (e1 ) + α− k (e2 ) + · · · + α− k (en ) + α− k (g), where − h)]. It follows from the assumption that e(k − h) is equal to
α− k (e1 ), α− k (e2 ), . . . , α− k (en ) ∈ Id(S), α− k (g) ∈ Nil(S), any zero. Ten, e + 1 − (1/k)h is idempotent, a is clean. □
two elements commute. Terefore, S is strongly Sn,2
nil clean. □ Example 4. Let

0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 2
R � 􏼨􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡􏼩, (1)
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 0 2 2 0

1 2 1 0 1 0 2 0
where 0, 1, 2 ∈ Z3 . Ten, 􏼠 􏼡�􏼠 􏼡+􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡,
2 1 0 1 0 1 0 2
0 0 1 0 2 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 0
Id(R) � 􏼨􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡􏼩, (2) 􏼠 􏼡�􏼠 􏼡+􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡, (4)
0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 2
0 2 0 0 1 0 0 2
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 􏼠 􏼡�􏼠 􏼡+􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡.
􏼠 􏼡�􏼠 􏼡+􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡, 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
􏼠 􏼡�􏼠 􏼡+􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡, (3) Clearly, R is a ur-clean ring.
1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 2
􏼠 􏼡�􏼠 􏼡+􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡, (5)
1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2
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6 Journal of Mathematics

are clean. Lemma 9. Take R being a ring, e ∈ R being central idem-

0 1 potent, eRe and (1 − e)R(1 − e) are ur-quasi-clean. Ten, R is
􏼠 􏼡R � R, ur-quasi-clean.
1 0
1 1 0 0 1 1 2 2
􏼠 􏼡R � 􏼨􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡􏼩, Proof 21. Take 1 � e1 + e2 , and e1 and e2 are central
1 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 idempotent elements of R. From the Pierce decomposition
1 2 0 0 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 and the fact that idempotent elements are commutative, then
􏼠 􏼡R � 􏼨􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡, 􏼠 􏼡􏼩,
2 1 0 0 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2
e1 Re1 0
(6) R � e1 Re1 ⊕ e2 Re2 � 􏼠 􏼡. (9)
0 e2 Re2
□
2 0
􏼠 􏼡R � R,
0 2 In the sequel,
(7)
0 2
􏼠 􏼡R � R, e1 Re1 0
2 0 􏼠 􏼡, (10)
0 e2 Re2
2
1 1 2 2 is a ur-quasi-clean ring will be proven.
􏼠 􏼡 �􏼠 􏼡, (8)
1 1 2 2 Suppose
is quasi-idempotent. Tus, there is a nonzero quasi- a 0 e1 Re1 0
A�􏼠 􏼡∈􏼠 􏼡, a ∈ e1 Re1 , b ∈ e2 Re2 .
idempotent element in aR or a is clean. 0 b 0 e2 Re2
(11)
Lemma 8 (see [17]). R is a commutative ring,
Reg(R[x]) � 􏼈􏽐ni�0 ai xi |ai ∈ Nil(R), i ≠ 0, a0 ∈ Reg(R)􏼉. It follows from the condition that there are
fi ∈ QId(􏼈ei Rei 􏼉i�1,2) and ri ∈ uReg(􏼈ei Rei 􏼉i�1,2) satisfying
Theorem . A ring R is commutative, R[x] is not ur-quasi- a � f1 + r1 , b � f2 + r2 , f21 � k1 f1 , and f22 � k2 f2 , k1 ,
clean. k2 ∈ Uc (R), then

a 0 f1 0 r1 0
Proof 19. Assuming R[x] is ur-quasi-clean, make f(x) � A�􏼠 􏼡�􏼠 􏼡+􏼠 􏼡. (12)
x ∈ R[x] be ur-quasi-clean, that is x � r(x) + e(x), 0 b 0 f2 0 r2
r(x) ∈ uReg(R[x]), and e(x) ∈ QId(R[x]). QId(R[x]) � Te unitary regular elements can be denoted by ri � e′iui ,
QId(R), then e(x) � e ∈ QId(R). Because of x − e ∈ e′i ∈ Id(ei Rei ), and ui ∈ U(ei Rei ), then
uReg(R[x]), from Lemma 8, a0 � e(1/k)e ∈ uReg(R),
k ∈ Uc (R), and a1 � 1 is a nilpotent element, r1 0 e1′ 0 u1 0
contradiction. □ 􏼠 􏼡�􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡. (13)
0 r2 0 e2′ 0 u2
Defnition 10 (see [18]). R is a ring, σ is an endomorphism of
R, defne xr � σ(r)x. R[[x; σ]] is the skew power series ring. f1 0 2 k1 0 f1 0
􏼠 􏼡 �􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡. (14)
If σ � 1R , then R[[x; σ]] � R[[x]]. 0 f2 0 k2 0 f2
Let
Theorem 6. In a commutative ring R, R[[x]] is ur-quasi-
clean precisely when R is ur-quasi-clean. k1 0
k�􏼠 􏼡, (15)
0 k2
Proof 20. R � R[[x]]/(x), and ur-quasi-clean ring satisfes
the closure property under ring homomorphism. So R is ur- then
quasi-clean. □ f1 0
􏼠 􏼡 ∈ QId(R). (16)
Conversely, R is a ur-quasi-clean ring. Let any 0 f2
f � 􏽐∞ i
i�0 ai x ∈ R[[x]]. It follows from a0 ∈ R that
It is easy to prove
a0 � r0 + e0 , r0 ∈ uReg(R), and e0 ∈ QId(R). Te unitary
regular elements are invertible elements in a commutative e1′ 0
ring, then a0 � u + e, u ∈ U(R), and e ∈ QId(R). Terefore, 􏼠 􏼡 ∈ Id(R). (17)
0 e2′
f � e + u + 􏽐∞ i ∞ i
i�0 ai x and u + 􏽐i�0 ai x ∈ U(R[[x]]). So f is
ur-quasi-clean. Terefore,
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Journal of Mathematics 7

r1 0 Proof 22. Sufciency: For an arbitrary orthogonal center

􏼠 􏼡 ∈ uReg(R). (18) idempotent element ei ∈ R, ei Rei is a homomorphic image of
0 r2
R, thus the sufciency holds. □

Theorem 7. In the ring R, e1 , e2 , . . . , en are central idem- Necessity: When n � 1, from Lemma 9, the conclusion
potent elements of R, making e1 + e2 + · · · + en � 1, and holds. When n � k − 1, we suppose the conclusion holding.
idempotent elements are orthogonal, then ei Rei is ur-quasi- When n � k, e1 + e2 + · · · + ek � 1, and the idempotent el-
clean precisely when R is ur-quasi-clean, i ∈ {1, 2, . . . , n}. ements are central orthogonality, thus 1 − ek � e1 +
e2 + · · · + ek− 1 � ek ∈ Id(R). From Pierce decomposition,
we can conclude

ek Rek 0
R � ek Rek ⊕ ek Rek ⊕ ek Rek ⊕ ek Rek � ek Rek ⊕ ek Rek � 􏼠 􏼡. (19)
0 ek Rek

Let Proof 23. For arbitrary a ∈ A, m ∈ M, and b ∈ B, there are

a 0 ek Rek 0 e1 e2
A�􏼠 􏼡∈􏼠 􏼡. (20) 􏼠 􏼡 ∈ QId(R),
0 b 0 ek Rek 0 e3
(27)
Because ek Rek and ek Rek ⊂ R are ur-quasi-clean rings, r1 r2
􏼠 􏼡 ∈ uReg(R),
there are elements r1 ∈ uReg(ek Rek ), r2 ∈ uReg(ek Rek ), 0 r3
f1 ∈ QId(ek Rek ), and f2 ∈ QId(ek Rek ), such that a � r1 +
f1 and b � r2 + f2 , but r1 � h1 u1 , r2 � h2 u2 , h1 ∈ Id(ek Rek ), satisfying
h2 ∈ Id(ek Rek ), u1 ∈ U(ek Rek ), and u2 ∈ U(ek Rek ). a m e1 e2 r1 r2
f21 � k1 f, f22 � k2 f, k1 ∈ Uc (ek Rek ), and k2 ∈ Uc (ek Rek ). 􏼠 􏼡�􏼠 􏼡+􏼠 􏼡, (28)
0 b 0 e3 0 r3
Tus,
a 0 r1 0 f1 0 e21 � k1 e1 , e22 � k2 e2 , e23 � k3 e3 , k1 , k2 , k3 ∈ Uc (R), hence
A�􏼠 􏼡�􏼠 􏼡+􏼠 􏼡. (21) a � e1 + r1 , b � e3 + r3 . e1 ∈ QId(A), and e2 ∈ QId(B).
0 b 0 r2 0 f2 Because
Since r1 r2
􏼠 􏼡, (29)
r1 0 h1 0 u1 0 0 r3
􏼠 􏼡�􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡, (22)
0 r2 0 h2 0 u2 is a unitary regular element, there are
2
f1 0 k1 0 f1 0 f1 f2
􏼠 􏼡 �􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡, (23) 􏼠 􏼡 ∈ Id(R), (30)
0 f2 0 k2 0 f2 0 f3

h1 0 ek Rek 0 and
􏼠 􏼡 ∈ Id􏼠 􏼡,
0 h2 0 ek Rek u1 u 2
(24) 􏼠 􏼡 ∈ U(R), (31)
u1 0 ek Rek 0 0 u3
􏼠 􏼡 ∈ U􏼠 􏼡,
0 u2 0 ek Rek
such that
then A is a ur-quasi-clean element of
r1 r2 f1 f 2 u1 u2 f1 u1 f1 u2 + f2 u3
ek Rek 0 􏼠 􏼡�􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡�􏼠 􏼡.
􏼠 􏼡. (25) 0 r3 0 f3 0 u3 0 f3 u3
0 ek Rek (32)
Terefore, the necessity holds. □
Ten, r1 � f1 u1 , r3 � f3 u3 , f1 ∈ Id(A), f3 ∈ Id(B),
Theorem 8. Let u1 ∈ U(A), and u3 ∈ U(B). Terefore, A and B are ur-quasi-
A M clean rings.
R�􏼠 􏼡, (26)
0 B
Defnition 11 (see [19]). Take C being subring of the ring D,
where A and B are rings, M�A MB is A − B bimodule. A and and 1D ∈ C. Take R[D, C] � 􏼈(d1 , . . . , dn , c, c, . . .)|di ∈ D,
B are ur-quasi-clean, if R is a ur-quasi-clean ring. c ∈ C}. Te addition and multiplication in R[D, C] are
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8 Journal of Mathematics

defned as the corresponding component-wise additions and 2. ∗ � (∗R1 , ∗R2 , . . . , ∗Rα , . . .) is an involutive operator of
multiplications. R/I. Consequently, R is an involution ring. □

Theorem 9. Te ring R � R[D, C] is ur-quasi-clean pre- Sufciency: For an arbitrary element of R,

cisely when D and C are ur-quasi-clean rings. a � (a1 , a2 , . . . , aα , . . .) ∈ 􏽑α∈A Rα is a ∗ ur-quasi-clean ele-
ment, then there are eα ∈ QId(Rα ) and rα ∈ ∗ 0uReg(Rα ),
such that aα � eα + rα . Because e2α � kα eα and kα ∈ Uc (R), let
Proof 24. Sufciency: D and C are ur-quasi-clean rings, for
any (d1 , d2 , . . . , dn , c, c, . . .) ∈ R, there are ri ∈ uReg(D), k � (k1 , k2 , . . . , kα , . . .). Ten, (e1 , e2 , . . . , eα , . . .)2 �
ei ∈ QId(D), (i ∈ {1, 2, . . . , n}), r ∈ uReg(C), and (k1 e1 , k2 e2 , . . . , kα eα , . . .) � k(e1 , e2 , . . . , eα , . . .). Tus, (e1 , e2 ,
e ∈ QId(C) making di � ri + ei , c � e + r. Terefore, . . . , eα , . . .) ∈ QId(R) and (r1 , r2 , . . . , rα , . . .) ∈ ∗ 0uReg(R).
(d1 , d2 , . . . , dn , c, c, . . .) � (r1 + e1 , r2 + e2 , . . . , rn + en , r + e, a � (a1 , a2 , . . . , aα , . . .) � (e1 , e2 , . . . , eα , . . .) + (r1 , r2 , . . . ,
r + e, . . .) � (r1 , . . . , rn , r, r, . . .) + (e1 , . . . , en , e, e, . . .). Ten, rα , . . .), then R is ∗ ur-quasi-clean.
(r1 , . . . , rn , r, r, . . .) ∈ uReg(R), (e1 , . . . , en , e, e, . . .) ∈ QId(R). □ Necessity: Take I being a ∗-invariant ideal of 􏽑α∈A\{β} Rα .
Rβ � R/I, thus Rβ is ∗ ur-quasi-clean.
Necessity: For arbitrary elements d ∈ D and
(d, 0, 0, . . .) ∈ R, there are elements (s1 , s2 , . . . , Theorem 12. R is an involution ring.
sn1 , s, s, . . .) ∈ uReg(R) and (f1 , f2 , . . . , fn2 , f, f, . . .) ∈
1. R is ∗ ur-quasi-clean.
QId(R) making (d, 0, 0, . . .) � (s1 , s2 , . . . , sn1 , s, s, . . .) +
(f1 , f2 , . . . , fn2 , f, f, . . .). Ten, d � s1 + f1 , s1 ∈ uReg(D), 2. For an arbitrary ∗-invariant ideal I, R/I is ∗ ur-quasi-
clean.
f1 ∈ QId(D). For an arbitrary element c ∈ C, (c, c, . . .) ∈ R,
there are (t1 , t2 , . . . , tx1 , t, t, . . .) ∈ uReg(R) and (g1 , g2 , . . . , 3. R/I is ∗ ur-quasi-clean, and ∗-invariant proper ideal I
gx2 , g, g, . . .) ∈ QId(R) making (c, c, . . .) � (t1 , t2 , . . . , is generated by central idempotent elements.
tx1 , t, t, . . .) + (g1 , g2 , . . . , gx2 , g, g, . . .). Let x � max 􏼈x1 , x2 􏼉. 4. Every ∗-invariant Pierce branch of R is ∗ ur-quasi-
Te (x + 1)th component satisfes c � t + g, t ∈ uReg(C), clean.
and g ∈ QId(C). Terefore, D and C are ur-quasi-
clean rings. Proof 26. (2) can be proven by (1) because the quotient
rings of ∗ ur-quasi-clean ring have closure properties. And
6. ∗ Ur-Quasi-Clean Ring (4) can be proven by (3), it can be proven by (2), from the
concept of a ∗ ur-quasi-clean ring. □
Consider the ur-quasi-cleanness on the involution rings,
defne the ∗ ur-quasi-clean ring. In the sequel, (1) will be proven by (4).
Suppose R is not ∗ ur-quasi-clean, then for any
Defnition 12. R is an involution ring, the element is ∗ ur- e ∈ QId(R), there is a ∈ R making a − e ∉ ∗ 0uReg(R). Let
quasi-clean, choose arbitrary a in R, a � e + r where the ∗-invariant proper ideals which a∈ R/I is not ∗ ur-quasi-
e ∈ QId(R) and r ∈ ∗ 0uReg(R). If every element is ∗ ur- clean generating a set S. S � 􏼈∀e2 � ke ∈ I, a − e
quasi-clean element, the ring is ∗ ur-quasi-clean ring. ∉ ∗ 0uReg(R)}. (0) ∈ S, then S ≠ ∅. Donating the partial
order relation of the set S is inclusion relation ⊆ . Let
Theorem 10 (see [2]). R is an involution ring, I is a ∗-in- 􏼈Iα : α ∈ A􏼉 ⊆ S is an ascending chain. Donate I � ⋃α∈A Iα .
variant ideal. r ∈ R is a ∗-unitary regular element. Ten, Tere are elements e, r, u, u′ , v, v′ ∈ R, making
r ∈ R/I is ∗-unitary regular. 􏼈a − e − r, e2 − ke, 1 − uu′ , 1 − u′ u, 1 − v′ v, 1 − vv′ , r − rur,
r − rvr, ru − u∗ r∗ } ⊆ I0 , if I0 ⊆ S is not true, then
αi , (i � 1, 2, . . . , 10) can be found such that a − e − r ∈ Iα1 ,
Theorem 11
e2 − ke ∈ Iα2 , 1 − uu′ ∈ Iα3 , 1 − u′ u ∈ Iα4 , 1 − v′ v ∈ Iα5 ,
1. If the ring R is a ∗ ur-quasi-clean and I is a ∗-invariant 1 − vv′ ∈ Iα6 , r − rur ∈ Iα7 , r − rvr ∈ Iα8 , ru − u∗ r∗ ∈ Iα9 , and
ideal, then R/I is ∗ ur-quasi-clean.
vr − r∗ v∗ ∈ Iα10 . Because 􏼈Iα : α ∈ A􏼉 is an ascending chain.
2. Take R � 􏽑α∈A Rα , Rα is a ∗Rα -ring. Ten, denote Suppose Iαi ⊆ Iα10 , i � 1, 2, . . . , 9. a � e + r ∈ R/Iα10 ,
∗ � (∗R1 , ∗R2 , . . . , ∗Rα , . . .). R is a ∗ ur-quasi-clean ring e ∈ QId(R/Iα10 ), r ∈ ∗ 0uReg(R/Iα10 ), contradiction. Tus
precisely when every Rα is ∗ ur-quasi-clean. I0 ⊆ S. From Zorn lemma, S has a maximal element. Donate
it by k. Suppose k is not a Pierce ideal, there is central
Proof 25 e ∈ Id(R) satisfying k ⊆ k + eR, and k ⊆ k + (1 − e)R are
proper ideals. But k + eR, k + (1 − e)R ∉ R, they are ideals
1. For arbitrary element a ∈ R, denote a � a + I. From generated by central idempotent elements. Tus, k + eR and
the conditions, a � e + r, where e ∈ QId(R), k + (1 − e)R are ∗ ur-quasi-clean rings. From
r ∈ ∗ 0uReg(R), thus a � e + r. From Teorem 10, (R/(k + eR)) × (R/(k + (1 − e)R)) � R/K, R/k is ∗ ur-
r ∈ ∗ 0uReg(R/I). e2 � e2 + I � ke + I � ke + I, then quasi-clean, where k is a pierce ideal, contradiction.
e ∈ QId(R/I). Consequently, R/I is ∗ ur-quasi-clean. Terefore, the proposition has been proven.
 1469, 2025, 1, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/jom/5699805 by Cochrane Lithuania, Wiley Online Library on [03/07/2025]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
Journal of Mathematics 9

Theorem 13. If in a commutative R, the elements are the e1 Re1 0

forms of idempotent elements plus ∗-unitary regular elements, R � e1 Re1 ⊕ e2 Re2 � 􏼠 􏼡, (33)
0 e2 Re2
then choosing arbitrary a ∈ R, Tere is a nonzero quasi-
idempotent element in aR or a is clean.
because the idempotent elements are commutative.
Proof 27. Suppose aR does not have nonzero quasi- In the sequel,
idempotent elements. a � e + r, r ∈ ∗ 0uReg(R), and e1 Re1 0
e ∈ Id(R). Ten, r � rvr, v � vrv, (rv)∗ � rv, and 􏼠 􏼡, (34)
(vr)∗ � vr, v ∈ R. Tus, s � kvr is a quasi-idempotent ele- 0 e2 Re2
ment. s2 � ks and k ∈ Uc (R). r � 1 − (1/k)s +
being a ∗ ur-quasi-clean ring will be proven.
(r − 1 + (1/k)s) is a clean element, u � r − 1 +
(1/k)s ∈ U(R). (r − 1 + (1/k)s) (v − 1 + (1/k)s) � 1 � Let
(v − 1 + (1/k)s)(r − 1 + (1/k)s), 1/kas � (1/k)es + r, thus a 0 e1 Re1 0
a − (1/k)as � e + r − (1/kes + r) � e − (1/k)es � e(1 − A�􏼠 􏼡∈􏼠 􏼡, a ∈ e1 Re1 , b ∈ e2 Re2 .
0 b 0 e2 Re2
(1/k)s) � (1 − (1/k)s)e. e(1 − (1/k)s) is an idempotent el-
ement, so e(1 − (1/k)s) is a quasi-idempotent element of aR. (35)
Ten, e(1 − (1/k)s) � 0. Terefore, e + (1 − (1/k)s) is an
idempotent element, a � e + (1 − (1/k)s) + u is a clean And donate
element. □ a 0 ∗
a 0 T
a 0
􏼠 􏼡 �􏼠 􏼡 �􏼠 􏼡. (36)
Theorem 14. Take R being a ring. 0 b 0 b 0 b

1. eRe and (1 − e)R(1 − e) are ∗ ur-quasi-clean, e ∈ R is It follows from the condition that there are elements
central idempotent. Ten, R is ∗ ur-quasi-clean. hi ∈ QId(􏼈ei Rei 􏼉i�1,2) and ri ∈ ∗ 0uReg(􏼈ei Rei 􏼉i�1,2)
2. Choosing ei ∈ R, i ∈ {1, 2, . . . , n} are orthogonal center satisfying a � h1 + r1 , b � h2 + r2 . Ten,
idempotent elements, 􏽐ni�1 ei � 1, then ei Rei is ∗ ur- a 0 h1 0 r1 0
quasi-clean precisely when R is ∗ ur-quasi-clean. A�􏼠 􏼡�􏼠 􏼡+􏼠 􏼡. (37)
0 b 0 h2 0 r2

Proof 28 Te ∗-unitary regular elements satisfy ri � ri ci ri ,

1. (1) Take e1 + e2 � 1, where e1 , e2 ∈ R are central (ri ci )∗ � ri ci , ri � ri di ri , (di ri )∗ � di ri , ci ∈ U(ei Rei ),
idempotent elements. R � e1 Re1 ⊕ e2 Re2 can be de- and ci ∈ U(ei Rei ).
duced by Pierce decomposition. And

r1 0 r1 0 c1 0 r1 0
􏼠 􏼡�􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡, (38)
0 r2 0 r2 0 c2 0 r2
∗
r1 0 c1 0 r1 0 c1 0
􏼠􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡􏼡 � 􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡, (39)
0 r2 0 c2 0 r2 0 c2

r1 0 r1 0 d1 0 r1 0
􏼠 􏼡�􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡, (40)
0 r2 0 r2 0 d2 0 r2
∗
d1 0 r1 0 d1 0 r1 0
􏼠􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡􏼡 � 􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡. (41)
0 d2 0 r2 0 d2 0 r2

2
h1 0 k1 h 1 0 k1 0 h1 0
􏼠 􏼡 �􏼠 􏼡�􏼠 􏼡􏼠 􏼡. (42)
0 h2 0 k2 h 2 0 k2 0 h2

Tus, Terefore, the conclusion is proven.

h1 0 2. (2) Te proof resembles that of Teorem 7. For an
􏼠 􏼡 ∈ QId(R). (43) arbitrary orthogonal center idempotent element
0 h2 ei ∈ R, ei Rei is the image of R under
 1469, 2025, 1, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/jom/5699805 by Cochrane Lithuania, Wiley Online Library on [03/07/2025]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
10 Journal of Mathematics

a homomorphism, thus ei Rei is ∗ ur-quasi-clean, then Bulletin 59, no. 3 (2016): 661–672, https://doi.org/10.4153/
sufciency can be proven. And necessity can be cmb-2016-009-0.
proven by induction. □ [12] H. Zhou, “Rings in Which Elements are Sum of Nilpotents,
Idempotents and Tripotents,” Journal of Algebra and Its
Applications 17, no. 1 (2018).
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In this paper, we mainly discuss three rings to generalize no. 1 (2019): 44–62, https://doi.org/10.3906/mat-1805-103.
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Sn,2 nil clean rings are not restricted to a specifc number of tions in Algebra 48, no. 4 (2020): 1382–1391, https://doi.org/
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quasi-clean rings and ∗ ur-quasi-clean rings are both derived s0219498818500421.
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from the generalization of the ur-clean ring, in which we no
Reduced Rings,” Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 11,
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Data Availability Statement Rings, Master’s Tesis (Nanning normal university, 2023).
[19] G. Cheng, Te Structure of Ring R[D,C] and Its Character-
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets izations, Master’s Tesis (Southeast university, 2006).
were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Conflicts of Interest
Te authors declare no conficts of interest.

Funding
No funding was received for this manuscript.

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