SAMSON SUMBA COMPUTER ESSENTIALS

Topic: Manage Computer Devices: Cleaning Computer Devices

Cleaning computers is part of computer maintenance

Learning Outcome:

By the end of the session, the trainee will be able to:

a) Clean computer devices safely and effectively.

At the end of the cleaning, fill and update the computer maintenance log

Table 1: Computer Maintenance Log

Date Computer Maintenance Details / Issues Actions Technician Next

ID / Serial Performed Notes Found Taken / Name Scheduled
No. Repairs Maintenance

9th PC-00321 Physical Cleaned None N/A Samson 2025-09-08

June, Cleaning dust from
2025 keyboard,
monitor,
and system
unit

1. Introduction
Cleaning computer devices is a critical maintenance task that ensures optimal performance,
prevents overheating, and prolongs the lifespan of equipment.

Definition: Cleaning of Computer Devices

Cleaning of computer devices refers to the process of removing dust, dirt, fingerprints, and
other contaminants from computer hardware components to maintain their functionality, improve
performance, and extend their lifespan.

It involves both external cleaning (e.g., monitors, keyboards, mice, CPU casing) and internal
cleaning (e.g., CPU fans, motherboard, internal components) using appropriate tools and
techniques to avoid damage.
Purpose of Cleaning Computer Devices:

• Prevent overheating due to dust buildup in fans and vents

• Improve airflow and system cooling
• Maintain hygiene, especially in shared computer environments
• Prolong hardware lifespan
• Avoid input issues (e.g., sticky keyboards or unresponsive mouse)

2. Importance of Cleaning Computer Devices

• Prevents dust buildup that may cause overheating and system failure.
• Improves airflow in CPU and laptops.
• Maintains hygiene, especially on shared input devices like keyboards and mice.
• Preserves the appearance and functionality of screens and casings.

3. Precautions and Guidelines Before Cleaning

1. Schedule Cleaning in Advance:

− Plan cleaning during off-peak hours or weekends to minimize disruption.

− Schedule regular maintenance (e.g., every 3–6 months).

2. Alert Nearest Offices:

− Inform nearby users that cleaning will involve noise (e.g., from blowers or vacuums).
− Place a notice near the cleaning area.

3. Notify Affected Offices or Users:

− Give notice if computers will be powered off during cleaning.

− Get permission to interrupt usage, especially for shared or public machines.

4. Shut Down and Unplug Devices:

− Ensure the computer and all peripherals are powered off and unplugged from
power sources to avoid electrical hazards.

4. Tools and Materials for Cleaning Computer Devices

Tool/Material Use
Compressed air can Blow dust from hard-to-reach places (e.g.,
fans, keyboard crevices)
Microfiber cloth Clean screens and smooth surfaces without
scratching

Isopropyl alcohol (70%+) Disinfect and clean surfaces (safe for

electronics)

Soft brush Sweep dust from components (e.g.,

motherboard, ports)
Vacuum cleaner (low power) Remove loose dust around CPU base (do not
use on internal parts)

Cotton swabs Clean ports and tight corners

Screwdrivers Open computer cases (if needed)

Avoid:

• Harsh chemicals (like bleach or ammonia)

• Using a wet cloth directly on components
• Household vacuum cleaners with strong static discharge

Dust Blower

A dust blower (also called an air blower or electric blower) is a common tool used to remove
dust from computers and electronics. It is especially useful for cleaning hard-to-reach areas like
CPU fans, power supply units, and keyboards.

Steps to Use a Dust Blower

1. Power Off and Unplug the Computer

Shut down and unplug all cables before cleaning.
 2. Move to a Well-Ventilated Area
Cleaning can spread dust, so work near a window or outside.
3. Open the Case (If Needed)
Use a screwdriver to open the CPU case for internal cleaning.
4. Fit the Nozzle Tightly
Make sure the blower’s nozzle is firmly attached to avoid air leaks and improve
efficiency.
5. Hold the Nozzle 6–10 Inches Away from Components
Keep a safe distance to protect delicate parts.
6. Use Short, Controlled Bursts of Air
Avoid continuous blowing to prevent damage, especially to fans.
7. Avoid Pointing the Nozzle at People
Never direct the airflow towards other people to prevent dust or debris from blowing into
their eyes or face.
8. Do Not Touch Internal Parts with the Nozzle
Keep the nozzle from making contact with motherboard or circuit boards.
9. Wipe Down Surfaces After Blowing
Use a microfiber cloth to remove any remaining dust.
10. Reassemble and Test
Close the case and reconnect all devices.

5. Cleaning Techniques for Specific Components

a) Monitor/Screen

• Use a dry microfiber cloth to gently wipe the screen.

• For stubborn smudges, lightly dampen the cloth with screen-safe solution (never spray
directly).
• Wipe in circular motion.
b) Keyboard

• Turn keyboard upside down and shake gently to dislodge loose debris.
• Use compressed air between keys to remove dust.
• Clean keys with a lightly damp microfiber cloth.
• Use cotton swabs with alcohol for grime between keys.

c) Mouse

• Wipe with microfiber cloth dipped in isopropyl alcohol.

• For optical mice, clean the sensor area gently.

d) CPU Exterior

• Wipe with a soft dry cloth.

• Use compressed air to remove dust from vents and ports.

e) CPU Interior (Advanced / Under Supervision)

• Open casing using a screwdriver.

• Use compressed air to blow dust off:

− Motherboard
− Fans
− Power supply unit

• Use a soft brush to gently sweep off remaining dust.

• Avoid touching components directly.

f) Motherboard and RAM

• Blow dust using short bursts of compressed air.

• Do not use liquids or brushes with hard bristles.

g) Fans (Processor/Chassis)

• Hold fan blades to prevent spinning.

• Blow compressed air from different angles.
• Use a soft brush to clean blades if needed.

6. After-Cleaning Checklist
• Reconnect all cables.
• Power on the machine and check functionality.
• Ensure no leftover tools or debris.
 • Update maintenance logs.

7. Safety Tips
• Never clean components while the device is powered on.
• Avoid static discharge by grounding yourself before touching internal parts.
• Use antistatic wristbands if available.
• Never spray liquid directly onto components.

8. Activity / Demonstration
• Trainees will observe a live demo of cleaning a:

− Keyboard
− Monitor
− Desktop CPU (external and internal)

• Trainees will participate in supervised cleaning of a non-critical device.

Topic: Manage Computer Devices
SubTopic: Compress and Extract Folders
Learning Outcome:

By the end of the session, the trainee will be able to:

a) Compress (zip) and extract (unzip) folders for efficient storage and sharing.

1. Introduction to Compression
What is Compression?

Compression is the process of reducing the file or folder size using software to save space or
make it easier to transfer or share.

Why Compress Files or Folders?

• Reduces storage space.

• Makes it faster to send files via email or upload online.
• Combines multiple files into a single, manageable package.

2. Common Compressed File Formats

Format Extension Description
ZIP .zip Most common; supported by Windows without extra software.
RAR .rar Used by WinRAR, supports better compression but needs special
software.
7z .7z Used by 7-Zip, often achieves high compression rates.

3. Tools for Compression and Extraction

• Built-in Windows ZIP Utility
• WinRAR
• 7-Zip
• PeaZip
• macOS Archive Utility (built-in)

4. How to Compress (Zip) a Folder in Windows

Method 1: Using Built-in Windows Feature
 1. Locate the folder you want to compress.
2. Right-click the folder.
3. Select “Send to” → “Compressed (zipped) folder.”
4. A .zip file is created in the same location with the same name.
5. You can rename the zip file as needed.

5. How to Extract (Unzip) a Folder in Windows

Method 1: Using Built-in Windows Feature

1. Right-click the .zip file.

2. Choose:

− “Extract All…” to unzip the contents to a selected location.

− “Extract Here” (if using 7-Zip or WinRAR).

3. Follow the wizard and click “Extract.”

The extracted folder will appear in the chosen destination.

6. Using 7-Zip (Alternative Tool)

To Compress:

1. Install 7-Zip if not already installed.

2. Right-click the folder → choose 7-Zip → Add to archive.
3. Choose archive format (ZIP, 7z), compression level, and password (optional).
4. Click OK.

To Extract:

1. Right-click the archive file → choose 7-Zip → Extract Here or Extract to "Folder
Name".

7. Best Practices for Compression

• Use meaningful names for your zip files (e.g., StudentReports_May2025.zip).
• Avoid compressing already compressed files (e.g., MP4, MP3).
• Consider using passwords when sharing sensitive files (available in 7-Zip or WinRAR).
• Test the zipped file to ensure it contains all intended files.

8. Use Cases
• Submitting assignments or projects.
 • Uploading multiple files to a portal.
• Archiving old files to save space.
• Backing up configurations and data.

9. Activity / Demonstration
• Demonstrate zipping a folder using both:

− Windows built-in utility.

− 7-Zip (if available).

• Demonstrate extracting a zipped folder to a different location.

• Trainees to practice compressing and extracting files from a USB drive or sample folder.
Unit Title: Perform File Management
Session Topic: File Protection and Encryption
Session Outcome:

By the end of the session, the trainee will be able to:

a) Implement password file protection
b) Implement file encryption protection

1. Introduction: Importance of File Security

In today’s digital world, protecting files from unauthorized access is crucial. Files may contain:

• Personal data (ID, address, photos)

• Academic records
• Institutional or company documents
• Financial information

Why Use Passwords and Encryption?

• Prevent unauthorized access

• Comply with data protection laws (e.g., GDPR)
• Protect data in case of theft, hacking, or loss

2. Password Protection vs. Encryption

Feature Password Protection Encryption
Purpose Restrict access using a password Convert data into unreadable format
Strength Basic security Stronger security
Examples MS Word/Excel passwords, ZIP BitLocker, EFS (Encrypting File
files System)
Reversibility Can be removed by the user Requires decryption key

3. Implementing Password Protection

a) Password-Protecting MS Word Documents

1. Open the document in MS Word.

2. Go to File → Info → Protect Document → Encrypt with Password.
3. Enter and confirm the password.
4. Save the file.
Note: Losing the password may mean permanent loss of access.

b) Password-Protecting ZIP Files (Windows / 7-Zip)

Using 7-Zip:

1. Right-click folder → Choose 7-Zip → Add to archive…

2. Under Archive format, choose .zip or .7z
3. In the Encryption section:

− Enter a password.
− Select "Encrypt file names" (optional, adds extra protection).

4. Click OK.

4. Implementing File Encryption

a) Using Windows Encrypt Attribute

1. Right-click the file or folder → Choose Properties.

2. Click Advanced.
3. Check the box: “Encrypt contents to secure data”
4. Click OK, then Apply.

Note: Only works on NTFS file systems (e.g., Windows Pro editions).
The file is encrypted and tied to your Windows login.

b) Using Windows BitLocker (for Drives)

1. Open Control Panel → System and Security → BitLocker Drive Encryption.

2. Choose the drive to encrypt → Click “Turn on BitLocker.”
3. Choose how to unlock the drive (password/USB key).
4. Save your recovery key.
5. Start encryption.

BitLocker is available only in Pro, Enterprise, or Education editions of Windows.

5. Best Practices for File Security

• Use strong passwords (mix of letters, numbers, symbols).
• Avoid writing passwords in unsecured places.
• Keep encryption keys or recovery passwords safely.
• Regularly back up important files securely.
• Don’t share passwords or encrypted files carelessly.
6. Activity / Demonstration
Trainees will:

• Apply a password to an MS Word document.

• Create a password-protected ZIP file using 7-Zip.
• Encrypt a file using the Windows encryption attribute.
• If available, explore BitLocker for encrypting external drives.
Unit Title: Manage Computer Software
Session Objectives:
By the end of the session, the trainee will be able to:
a) Explain the meaning of computer software
b) Explain types of computer software
c) Configure computer software

1. Introduction to Computer Software

a) Definition of Computer Software

• Computer software refers to a set of instructions or programs that direct a computer to

perform specific tasks.
• It is intangible (unlike hardware) but essential for operating a computer.

b) Role in ICT

• Enables users to interact with hardware.

• Provides tools for productivity, communication, entertainment, and system management.
• Bridges human input and machine execution.

2. Types of Computer Software

Computer software is generally classified into three main categories:

i) System Software

• Controls the basic functions of a computer.

• Provides a platform for running application software.

Examples:

• Operating Systems (Windows, Linux, macOS)

• Device Drivers
• Firmware
• BIOS/UEFI

ii) Application Software

• Designed to help users perform specific tasks.

Categories and Examples:

Category Examples
Word Processing MS Word, LibreOffice Writer
Spreadsheets MS Excel, Google Sheets
Browsers Chrome, Firefox
Media Players VLC, Windows Media Player
Communication Zoom, Skype, Outlook
Graphic Design Adobe Photoshop, CorelDRAW

iii) Utility Programs

• Perform system maintenance or support functions.

• Enhance performance or security.

Examples:

• Antivirus software (Kaspersky, Windows Defender)

• Disk cleanup tools
• Backup software
• File compression tools (WinRAR, 7-Zip)

3. Configuring Computer Software

a) Basic Configuration Tasks

Configuring software involves setting it up to run properly on a computer system.

Common configuration tasks:

• Installing software
• Uninstalling software
• Updating software
• Setting user preferences or defaults
• Activating licenses or registration
• Creating user accounts or profiles

b) Installing a Software Application (e.g., VLC Media Player)

1. Download the installation file from the official website.

2. Double-click the file to begin installation.
3. Follow the installation wizard steps:

− Choose language
− Accept license agreement
 − Choose installation directory
− Select components (if any)

4. Click Install, wait for the process to complete.

5. Launch the software and configure preferences (e.g., themes, file associations).

c) Updating Software

• Use built-in update tools (e.g., Windows Update).

• Enable auto-updates where available.
• Check for updates manually in software menus (e.g., Help > Check for Updates).

d) Setting Software Preferences

• Customize appearance (themes, fonts)

• Choose default file formats or save locations
• Adjust language and accessibility settings
• Configure notifications or privacy settings

4. Practical Activity
Trainees should:

• Participate in a class discussion about software categories.

• Match sample software names to their types (system, application, utility).
• Practice:

− Installing an application (e.g., LibreOffice or VLC)

− Configuring user preferences
− Updating or uninstalling the software