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Handwritten Style NumPy Notes

NumPy, or 'Numerical Python', is essential for numerical computing in Python, focusing on arrays and matrices. Key features include creating ndarrays, performing element-wise operations, and utilizing broadcasting for different shapes. It is widely used in data preprocessing for machine learning and integrates with libraries like Pandas and TensorFlow.

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175 views3 pages

Handwritten Style NumPy Notes

NumPy, or 'Numerical Python', is essential for numerical computing in Python, focusing on arrays and matrices. Key features include creating ndarrays, performing element-wise operations, and utilizing broadcasting for different shapes. It is widely used in data preprocessing for machine learning and integrates with libraries like Pandas and TensorFlow.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Aamir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Handwritten-style Notes: NumPy for Data Science & ML

Introduction to NumPy

- NumPy stands for 'Numerical Python'.


- It is the foundational package for numerical computing in Python.
- Used for working with arrays, matrices, and high-level mathematical functions.
- NumPy arrays are faster and more memory efficient than Python lists.

NumPy Arrays

- Main object: ndarray (N-dimensional array).


- Create using np.array([1, 2, 3])
- Shape: tells you the dimension of array (rows, cols).
- dtype: tells you the data type of elements (int, float, etc).

Examples:
>>> import numpy as np
>>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
>>> a.shape -> (3,)
>>> a.dtype -> int64

Array Creation

- np.zeros((2,3)) -> array of zeros


- np.ones((3,3)) -> array of ones
- np.arange(0, 10, 2) -> [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
- np.linspace(0, 1, 5) -> [0. , 0.25, 0.5 , 0.75, 1. ]

Array Operations

- Element-wise operations:
a + b, a - b, a * b, a / b
- Matrix multiplication: np.dot(a, b) or a @ b
- Useful functions: np.sum, np.mean, np.std, np.max, np.min
Handwritten-style Notes: NumPy for Data Science & ML

Indexing & Slicing

- a[0] -> first element


- a[1:4] -> elements from index 1 to 3
- a[:,0] -> first column
- a[1,:] -> second row

Broadcasting

- Allows operations on arrays of different shapes.


- Smaller array is 'broadcast' to match shape.

Example:
>>> a = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
>>> b = np.array([1,0,1])
>>> a + b -> [[2 2 4], [5 5 7]]

NumPy for Data Science / ML

- Data preprocessing: normalize, scale, clean data.


- Input to ML models: usually NumPy arrays.
- Works under the hood in Pandas, Scikit-learn, TensorFlow.
- Fast computations for big datasets.

Random Module

- np.random.rand(3,2) -> random floats in [0,1)


- np.random.randint(0, 10, (2,2)) -> integers 0-9
- np.random.seed(42) -> for reproducibility

Reshaping & Stacking

- reshape(): change array shape


- vstack(), hstack(): combine arrays vertically/horizontally
Handwritten-style Notes: NumPy for Data Science & ML

- flatten(): convert to 1D array

Useful Tips

- Always use NumPy arrays for ML pipelines.


- Check shape before feeding to model.
- Learn to vectorize -> avoid Python loops for speed.
- Practice slicing, reshaping, broadcasting!

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