NAME : Inhamullah khan
Reg No:SP25-BSE-076
CLASS : BSE
SUBJECT : ICT
TEACHER : SIR AFTAB
ASSIGNMENT 2
QUESTION 1 :
Write a C++ program that converts a decimal number into its binary equivalent by using only if/else
statements
ANSWER
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char a, a1, a2, a3;
int decimal b, b1, b2, b3;
cout<<"enter four bit decimal number";
cin>>a, a1, a2, a3;
if(a == '1')
{b = 8;}
else
{b = 0}
if(a1 == '1')
{b1 = 4;}
else
{b1 = 0}
if(a2 == '1')
{b2 = 2;}
else
{b2= 0}
if(a3 == '1')
{b3 = 1;}
else
{b3 = 0}
decimal = b + b1 + b2 + b3;
cout<<" decimal equivalent is : "<< decimal;
return 0;
}
QUESTION 2 :
Write a C++ program to input a decimal number (between 0 and 255) and convert it into
a two-digit hexadecimal number using if/else (without using built-in conversion
functions).
ANSWER:
int main() {
int decimal;
cout << "Enter a decimal number (0-255): ";
cin >> decimal;
if (decimal < 0 || decimal > 255) {
cout << "Please enter a number between 0 and 255." << endl;
return 1;
}
// We will extract each bit from the most significant bit to the least significant bit
int b7, b6, b5, b4, b3, b2, b1, b0;
if (decimal >= 128) {
b7 = 1;
decimal -= 128;
} else {
b7 = 0;
}
if (decimal >= 64) {
b6 = 1;
decimal -= 64;
} else {
b6 = 0;
}
if (decimal >= 32) {
b5 = 1;
decimal -= 32;
} else {
b5 = 0;
}
if (decimal >= 16) {
b4 = 1;
decimal -= 16;
} else {
b4 = 0;
}
if (decimal >= 8) {
b3 = 1;
decimal -= 8;
} else {
b3 = 0;
}
if (decimal >= 4) {
b2 = 1;
decimal -= 4;
} else {
b2 = 0;
}
if (decimal >= 2) {
b1 = 1;
decimal -= 2;
} else {
b1 = 0;
}
if (decimal >= 1) {
b0 = 1;
decimal -= 1;
} else {
b0 = 0;
}
cout << "Binary equivalent: "
<< b7 << b6 << b5 << b4 << b3 << b2 << b1 << b0 << endl;
return 0;
}
QUESTION 4 :
Write a C++ program that inputs a decimal number and breaks it into two hexadecimal digits
using division and modulus operations. Display the final hexadecimal result.
ANSWER:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int decimal;
cout << "Enter a decimal number (0-255): ";
cin >> decimal;
if (decimal < 0 || decimal > 255) {
cout << "Please enter a number between 0 and 255." << endl;
return 1;
}
// Split into two hexadecimal digits
int high = decimal / 16; // Most significant hex digit
int low = decimal % 16; // Least significant hex digit
// Function to convert 0–15 into hex character
char hex1, hex2;
if (high < 10)
hex1 = '0' + high;
else
hex1 = 'A' + (high - 10);
if (low < 10)
hex2 = '0' + low;
else
hex2 = 'A' + (low - 10);
// Display result
cout << "Hexadecimal equivalent: " << hex1 << hex2 << endl;
return 0;
}
QUESTION 3 :
In C++, write a program that converts any number between 0 and 255 to its hexadecimal
representation without using arrays or conditional statements.
ANSWER:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int decimal;
cout << "Enter a number (0–255): ";
cin >> decimal;
// Ensure number is within 0–255
decimal = (decimal < 0) ? 0 : (decimal > 255 ? 255 : decimal);
int high = decimal / 16;
int low = decimal % 16;
// Use ternary expressions and character math
char hex1 = (high < 10) ? ('0' + high) : ('A' + high - 10);
char hex2 = (low < 10) ? ('0' + low) : ('A' + low - 10);
cout << "Hexadecimal: " << hex1 << hex2 << endl;
return 0;
}
QUESTION 5:
Modify a given C++ program to handle hexadecimal conversion for any 8-bit binary number
and display each step of the conversion process clearly.
ANSWER:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int binaryToDecimal(const string& binary) {
int decimal = 0;
cout << "Binary to Decimal Conversion Steps:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
int bit = binary[i] - '0';
int power = 7 - i;
int value = bit * (1 << power);
cout << "bit[" << i << "] = " << bit << " => " << bit << " * 2^" << power << " = " <<
value << endl;
decimal += value;
}
cout << "Total Decimal Value: " << decimal << endl;
return decimal;
}
char toHexDigit(int value) {
return (value < 10) ? ('0' + value) : ('A' + (value - 10));
}
void decimalToHex(int decimal) {
int high = decimal / 16;
int low = decimal % 16;
cout << "\nDecimal to Hexadecimal Conversion Steps:\n";
cout << "High nibble = " << decimal << " / 16 = " << high << endl;
cout << "Low nibble = " << decimal << " % 16 = " << low << endl;
char hex1 = toHexDigit(high);
char hex2 = toHexDigit(low);
cout << "Hex digits: " << high << " -> '" << hex1 << "', " << low << " -> '" << hex2 << "'"
<< endl;
cout << "\nFinal Hexadecimal: " << hex1 << hex2 << endl;
}
int main() {
string binary;
cout << "Enter an 8-bit binary number: ";
cin >> binary;
// Basic validation
if (binary.length() != 8) {
cout << "Error: Please enter exactly 8 binary digits." << endl;
return 1;
}
for (char c : binary) {
if (c != '0' && c != '1') {
cout << "Error: Binary number must contain only 0 or 1." << endl;
return 1;
}
}
int decimal = binaryToDecimal(binary);
decimalToHex(decimal);
return 0;
}
