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Essay Writing is an organized effort of logical composition on a

particular topic, issue or theme presenting writers' thoughts, opinions
or feelings thereof.
It is thought to be the most effective test to assume the ability of free-
handwriting of a candidate in a competitive examination on a
contemporary issue.

Therefore, the percentage of marks allotted to an essay is

comparatively high. But most of the candidates fail to attract
reasonable marks due to their inadequate thought content and
verbosity caused from disorganized approach of writing.

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1. Narrative Essay: Telling a Story

The writer tells a story about a real-life experience, for example, Journey by Boat/Train. The
narrative essay challenges students to think and write about themselves. “I” sentences give readers
a feeling of being part of the story.

2. Descriptive Essay: Painting a Picture

A writer might describe a person, place, object, or even memory of special significance, For
example, My Favorite Teacher, My School, etc. In a descriptive essay, the writer should show, not
tell, through the use of colorful words and sensory details. The best descriptive essays appeal to the
reader’s emotions, with a result that is highly evocative.

3. Expository Essay: Just the Facts

It is an informative piece of writing that presents a balanced analysis of a topic. In an expository
essay, the writer explains or defines a topic, using facts, statistics, and examples. There is no room
for using writers personal feelings and/or emotions and thereby avoid using first person. Expository
writing encompasses a wide range of essay variations, such as the comparison and contrast
essay, the cause-and-effect essay.

4. Persuasive/Argumentative Essay: Convince Me

The goal of the persuasive essay is to convince the reader to accept the writer’s point of view or
recommendation. The writer’s position must be supported by evidence, facts and logic, as well as
examples, expert opinion, and sound reasoning. The writer should present all sides of the argument
with clarity and unambiguity that “why a certain position is correct?”.

1. CHOOSE TOPIC AND DEFINE THE SCOPE OF THE ESSAY:

First, choose a topic that is best suited to you and define the scope or ideas within which
you will limit your writing to cover up the topic outline. For example, the concept of
digitalization, the problems of digitalization and Digital Bangladesh require different
treatment or concentration.
2. JOT DOWN THE IDEAS:
After determining the scope of the essay, start thinking or jot down (brainstorming) the
ideas as they occur to you.
3. PREPARE THE OUTLINES:
Proper arrangement can often make up even for lack of material. Try to outline your
ideas in such a way that it leaves the impression as a well integrated pattern of thoughts.

4. ATTRACTIVE BEGINNING::
You may begin your essay with your own observation, or with some quotation of a
known writer having relevance to the topic.
5. CLEAR AND FIRM CONCLUSION:
Conclusion is thought to be beforehand. Even before you lay the first brick, you must
know where you will put the last one.

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6. SINGLE POINTS IN SINGLE PARAGRAPH:

Every paragraph of the body part should develop point by point and logically by logically hooking
up with the next, otherwise your thoughts will be entangled.

7. AVOID STATISTICAL OVERLOADING:

Clarity of the ideas and the beauty of your expressions is the most likely thing to be judged by the
examiner, not to rank you as the student of economics/statistics. So don’t let statistics that may
destroy the beauty of your essay.

8. SIMPLE LANGUAGE:
Complex sentence structure makes room for ambiguity and grammatical mistakes. Avoid
verbosity and wordiness. Stock phrases, avoid slangs.

9. READING NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS:

For extensive knowledge and rich vocabulary you ought to develop the habit of reading
newspaper, periodicals as well as good books.

10. TIME ALLOCATION:

Last but not the least is the time to be allocated for the essay is obvious for a student before start
writing.

First, you choose an essay topic that you know well and feel comfortable writing about
in your essay. Then DECIDE what you are going to write about and then PLAN how to
write. This process is called pre-writing.

Brainstorming is a prewriting technique used to help generate lots of potential ideas

about a topic. And, this technique may effectively be applied to develop freehand
writing. Following are the three useful brainstorming techniques applicable for essay
writing:

 Making a list
 Free-writing
 Mapping/Spider Diagram

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 Making a list:

Write single words, phrases, or sentences that are connected to your topic

 Free writing:

You write whatever comes into your head about your topic, without stopping.
Most free-writing exercises are short-just five or ten minutes; While writing you
don’t need to worry about accuracy, don’t check dictionary , don’t stop if you
make a mistake, just keep writing! Your ideas may jump around. When you make
mistake, just cross it out and continue writing. One thought may lead to another,
and then to another. There may be some details that are not exactly about your
topic, but that’s OK in free-writing. You want to get as many ideas on paper as
you can. You can take out unnecessary words and sentences later.

Use a whole sheet of paper, and write your topic in the

middle, with a circle around it. then put the next idea in a
circle above or below your topic, and connect the circles
with lines. The lines show that the two ideas are related.

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After you have gathered plenty of ideas,

you will need to go back and edit them. This
is the time to choose which ideas are the
most interesting, and which are the most
relevant to your topic. Of course, you can
still add new ideas if you think of something
else while you are re-reading your list. To
edit free writing, cross out sentences or
parts of sentences that are not related.

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A five-paragraph essay is a template-based essay writing exercise, fitting the minimal

components of an essay into just five paragraphs. It consists of one introductory
paragraph, three body paragraphs to support essay topic, and one concluding
paragraph. Each paragraph has a unique role to play in five-paragraph essay.
In introductory paragraph, writers usually develop a Thesis Statement [a compact
outline comprised of Three major ideas, discussion points, issues/advantages, as the
case may be, in one or more sentences] which will later be explained, proven, or
supported in the Three Body Paragraphs.

One can apply this five-paragraph essay technique to communicate clearly and
logically, as long as the topic is simple enough to be covered in just five paragraphs.

This essay writing structure is more popular for educational assignments such as
school/academic papers or as a tool for quick writing exercises. As such, it has been
nicknamed as the “hamburger essay,” the “one-three-one essay,” and the “three-tier
essay.”

Five-paragraph essay writing style can accommodate all types of essays topic.
Irrespective of the essay assignment, this writing style can be applied for argumentative
essay or a compare-and-contrast essay.

1st Paragraph A mini outline of the topic having three major

INTRODUCTION ideas/points/illustrations/examples relevant to the topic

2nd Paragraph Detailing about the Idea # 1, or most strongest examples,

BODY-1 argument and evidences about TOPIC

3rd Paragraph Detailing about the Idea # 2: or Second most strongest

BODY-2 examples, arguments and evidence about TOPIC

4th Paragraph Detailing about the Idea # 3, or Third most strongest

BODY-3 examples, arguments and evidence about TOPIC

A summary of the introduction and abobe 3 main points

5th Paragraph
having a call of action or recommendation, e.g.
CONCLUSION
“ In my opinion…..”, I hope.., etc.

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The first paragraph of Five-paragraph Essay is crucial as it introduces the topic to the reader
and helps them to get involved into the main topic.
The introductory paragraph should also include a THESIS STATEMENT, a kind of mini-
outline for the paper which tells the reader what the essay is about. This single sentence
statement explains the idea that the writer will defend or expand upon, and the three
paragraphs in the middle will support, prove, or elaborate the thesis statement with
opinion/argument, if warrant. General formula to make a thesis statement:
Three-point Thesis Statement Formula = Topic + Opinion + Three Discussion Points.
For example, Volunteering in high school teaches self discipline, cooperation, and
leadership. The topic is volunteering, the opinion is that it leads to self discipline,
cooperation, and leadership, and the three discussion points are self discipline,
cooperation, and leadership.

Don’t give too much information in the first paragraph; Save the details for the following
paragraphs, where you’ll have room to elaborate.

The last sentence of this paragraph must contain a transitional "hook" which moves the
reader to the first paragraph of the body of the topic.

The three body paragraphs are the “meat” of five-paragraph essay, where the
writer describes details, share evidence, explain reasoning, and otherwise
advance the thesis.

Each paragraph should be a separate and independent topic in support to the

thesis statement of the introductory paragraph.

Start each paragraph with a topic sentence, describing the topic in the next
sentences of that paragraph.

The topic sentence of every paragraph summarizes the point of that particular
paragraph, but saves the details for the following sentences.

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The first paragraph of the body should contain the strongest argument, most
significant example, cleverest illustration, or a strong beginning point;

The first sentence of this paragraph should include the "reverse hook" which
ties in with the transitional hook at the end of the introductory paragraph.
This topic should relate to the thesis statement in the introductory paragraph.

The last sentence in this paragraph should include a transitional hook to tie
into the second paragraph of the body.

The second paragraph of the body should contain the second strongest
argument, second most significant example, second cleverest illustration,
or an obvious follow up the first paragraph in the body;

The first sentence of this paragraph should include the reverse hook
which ties in with the transitional hook at the end of the first paragraph of
the body. This topic should relate to the thesis statement in the
introductory paragraph.

The last sentence in this paragraph should include a transitional hook to

tie into the third paragraph of the body.

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The first sentence of this paragraph should include the reverse hook
which ties in with the transitional hook at the end of the second paragraph.

The third paragraph of the body should contain the third best argument,
example and/cleverest illustration, or an obvious follow up the 2nd
paragraph in the body. This topic should relate to the thesis statement in
the introductory paragraph.

The last sentence in this paragraph should include a transitional concluding

hook that signals the reader that this is the final major point being made on
this topic. This hook also leads into the last, or concluding paragraph.

The final paragraph concludes the essay. Writer can't add any new point or
evidence in support to the topic; instead, summarize the points from the
previous paragraphs and tie them up together. Here, the writer restates the
thesis statement and reminds the reader of the points made in the three
body paragraphs. This paragraph should include the following:
 a reference to the pattern used in the introductory paragraph;

 a restatement of the thesis statement, using some of the original

language or language that "echoes" the original language but must not
be a duplicate;
 a summary of the three main points from the body of the paper;

 a final statement that gives the reader signals that the discussion has
come to an end; and/or,
 A call to action, statement or request that explains clearly what the writer
wants the reader to do. (it may be a thought-provoking sentence or an open-
ended question, to give the audience something to think about after reading.

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As a "part of speech" transition words/connecting words are used to link words, phrases or sentences. They help writers
to connect one idea to the next idea in a coherent manner. They not only connect ideas, but also can introduce a certain
shift, contrast or opposition, emphasis or agreement, purpose, result or conclusion. Some of the useful linking words are:

Agreement / Addition Also, In addition, Likewise, Again, Moreover, Furthermore, Not only...but Also, As well as,
Together with, First, Second, Third, Coupled with, Coupled with, By the same token,
Similarity comparatively, correspondingly, etc.

Opposition / Limitation But, Rather, Although, Instead, While, Whereas, Otherwise, Unlike, Yet, Besides, As much as,
In contrast, Of course..but, On the other hand, On the contrary, At the same time, In spite of, Be
Contradiction so, Then again, After all, Nonetheless, Regardless, Not withstanding, etc.

Cause / Condition If, Then, Unless, Provided that, Whenever, Since, Given that, Only/Even if, So as to, Owing to,
In order to, In view of, With this in mind, So long, In the event that, In the hope that, For the
Purpose purpose of, etc.

Examples/ Supports For example, As an illustration, Particularly, Specially, Surprisingly, Significantly, In fact, In
general, To demonstrate, To enumerate, Another key point, To clarify/explain, On the positive
Emphasis side, On the negative side, In other words, That is to say, By all means, etc.

Consequently, In consequence of that, Most importantly, Therefore, Thereupon, Hence, Thus,

Effect / Consequence Then, as a result, Under the above circumstances, For this reason, Therefore, Forthwith,
Result Accordingly, Henceforth, etc.

In summary, In conclusion, At the verge, Finally, Altogether, Eventually, Subsequently, To

Conclusion/ Summary summarize, On the whole, In a nutshell, After all, To sum up, By and large, On the whole,
Restatement Ultimately, Definitely, Altogether, In essence, In brief/short, Overall, As shown above, In the long
run, Generally speaking, etc.

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 The Profession of Chartered Secretary  Discipline for Success in Life

 Communication Skill – a Prerequisite for  Prospects and Challenges of Ride-sharing
Leadership Services in Bangladesh
 Self-employment of Bangladesh and Impact of  Need for A Healthy Capital Market for Sustainable
COVID-19 Economic Development
 Impact of Coronavirus on Education  The Role of the Central Bank of Bangladesh
 Prospects of Online Shopping in Bangladesh
 Impact of Cell Phones on Teenagers
 Ethical Leadership
 Time Management  Good Communication Skills for Effective
 Importance of Information Technology (IT) to Leadership
adapt with the Virtual Reality  Impact of Internet for young people
 Going overseas for higher study  Learning Moral in line with academic knowledge
 Group Study vs Individual Learning Method  Political Consensus for National Development
 Impact of Uncontrolled Social Networking Sites  Agricultural Development of Bangladesh
on Teen-age  Governance in the garment sector
 Stress Management During Exam Revision  Capital Market vs Economic Development
 Your Memorable Day in Life
 Freedom of press  Problems of Tourism in Bangladesh

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