VECTOR AND 3d GEOMETRY WORKSHEET -

1. Write the unit vector in the direction of 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂

2. What is the area of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides are represented by the vectors
𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗
3. Find a vector of magnitude 7 units which is perpendicular to both the vectors
2𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂.
4. If |𝑎⃗| = 5 , |𝑏⃗⃗| = 13 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗| = 25 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗
–𝑥−2 𝑦+3 2𝑧−6
5. Find the equation of the line which is parallel to the line = = and passing through
1 7 3

the point (1, 2, 3).

𝑥−2
6. Find the equation of the line passing through the point (1, -1, 0) which is parallel to the line =
3
2𝑦+1 5−𝑧
=
2 1
7. Find a vector perpendicular to both of the vectors 𝑎⃗ = 4𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 = −2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
8. Find the angle between the vectors 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ if |𝑎⃗| = 2 , |𝑏⃗⃗| = 1 and 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = √3
9. Find the angle between the vectors 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ and 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
10. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are A(1, 1, 1), B(1, 2, 3) and C(2, 3, 1) using vector
method.
11. Find the projection of the vector 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 ⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
𝑥+2 2𝑦−1 3−𝑧
12. Find the direction cosines of the vector parallel to the line = =
1 3 5
𝑥−4 𝑦+3 𝑧−3
13. Write the vector equation of the line given by = =
2 5 7

14. Find the value of 𝜆 if the vector 3𝑖̂ + 𝜆𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂ is perpendicular to 𝜆𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂
15. If |𝑎⃗| = 2 , |𝑏⃗⃗| = 7 and 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ ,then find the angle between 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗

16. Find the projection of the vector 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 ⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 = 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
17. If cos 𝛼, cos 𝛽 and cos 𝛾 are the direction cosines of a line , then find the value of
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛽 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛾
18. Find |𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗| if |𝑎⃗| = 5 , |𝑏⃗⃗| = 13 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗| = 25
19. Find the value of 𝜆 if the vector 2𝑖̂ + 𝜆𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ is perpendicular to 𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂
20. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ , ⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 = 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑘̂ , then find the unit vector along 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗
21. Write the value of (𝑖̂ × 𝑗̂). 𝑘̂ + (𝑖̂. 𝑗̂)
22. Find the scalar components of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 where A(2, 1, 5) and B(-5, 7, - 6)
23. Write the direction cosines of the line joining the points (1, 0, 0) and (0, 1, 1)
24. Write the projection of the vector 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ on the vector 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂
 𝑥−5 𝑦+4 𝑧−6
25. Write the vector equation of the line given by = =
3 7 2

26. Write a unit vector in the direction of the vector 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂
27. Write a vector of magnitude 9 units in the direction of the vector −2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂
28. Find the value of ‘𝜆′ if (2𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ + 14𝑘̂ ) × (𝑖̂ − 𝜆𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ ) = 0

29. If 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ are two vectors such that |𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗|, find the angle between them.
2
30. Find the angle between the vectors 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ if |𝑎⃗| = √3 , |𝑏⃗⃗| = and 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ is a unit vector.
3

31. Find the value of ‘𝑝′ if (2𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ + 27𝑘̂ ) × (𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 𝑝𝑘̂ ) = 0
32. Write the direction cosines of a line which is equally inclined to all the three coordinate axes.
33. If 𝑝⃗ is a unit vector and (𝑥⃗ − 𝑝⃗). (𝑥⃗ + 𝑝⃗) = 80, then find |𝑥⃗ |
34. If P(1, 5, 4) and Q(4, -1, 2) are given, find the direction ratios of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄
35. 𝐼𝑓 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ , find a unit vector in the direction of 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗
36. Find the angle between the vectors 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ if |𝑎⃗| = √3 , |𝑏⃗⃗| = 2 and 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3

37. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , ⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , find a unit vector parallel to the vector
2𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ + 3𝑐⃗
38. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ , ⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 = 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ , find the vector 𝑑⃗ which is parallel
to both 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ and such that 𝑐⃗. 𝑑⃗ = 15
𝑥+2 𝑦+1 𝑧−3
39. Find the points on the line = = at a distance of 5 units from P (1, 3, 3).
3 2 2

40. Express the vector 𝑎⃗ = 5𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ as the sum of two vectors such that one is parallel to the
vector ⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑘̂ and the other is perpendicular to 𝑏⃗⃗.
41. If 𝑎̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏̂ are unit vectors and 𝜃 is the angle between them, then prove that
𝜃 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 = |𝑎̂ + 𝑏̂|
2 2

42. Find the shortest distance between the lines whose vector equations are given by 𝑟⃗ = (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂) +
𝜆(2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟⃗ = (2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ) + 𝜇(3𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ ).

43. If 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑎⃗ × 𝑐⃗ such that 𝑎⃗ ≠ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ ≠ 𝑐⃗ , then show that 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑐⃗ + 𝜆𝑎⃗ ,where 𝜆 is constant.

44. . Find the unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ where
𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
𝑥+3 𝑦−4 𝑧+8
45. Find the distance of the point (-2, 4, -5) from the line = =
3 5 6

46. Find the unit vector perpendicular to the plane containing the points A(3, -1, 2)
B(1, -1, -3) and C(4, -3, 1)
47. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 = 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ then find the vector 𝑐⃗ such that
𝑎⃗ × 𝑐⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑎⃗. 𝑐⃗ = 3.
48. Find the shortest distance between the lines whose vector equations are given by 𝑟⃗ =
(𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ ) + 𝜆(𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟⃗ = (4𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ ) + 𝜇(2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ )

49. If 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝑎⃗| = 3, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 5, |𝑐⃗| = 7 then show that the angle between

𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ is 600

50. Show that the points A, B and C with position vectors 3𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂ , 2 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑

𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ respectively are the vertices of a right triangle.

51. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ , ⃗⃗⃗

𝑏 = 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ , find the vector 𝑝⃗ which is
perpendicular to both 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ and such that 𝑝⃗. 𝑐⃗ = 18
52. Find the area of the triangle with vertices A(1, 1, 2) , B(2, 3, 5) and C(1, 5, 5) using the property of
vectors.
53. Find the shortest distance between the lines whose vector equations are given by
𝑟⃗ = (1 − 𝑡 )𝑖̂ + (𝑡 − 2)𝑗̂ + (3 − 2𝑡)𝑘̂ And 𝑟⃗ = (𝑠 + 1)𝑖̂ + (2𝑠 − 1)𝑗̂ − (2𝑠 + 1)𝑘̂
54. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , ⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 = 4𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂, then find a vector of magnitude 6 units
which is parallel to the vector 2𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ + 3𝑐⃗
𝑥+2 𝑦+1 𝑧−3
55. Find the points on the line = = at a distance of 5 units from the point
3 2 2
P(1, 3, 3)
𝑥+2 𝑦+1 𝑧−3
56. Find the points on the line = = at a distance of 5 units from P (1, 3, 3).
3 2 2

57. Find the shortest distance between the lines whose vector equations are given by
𝑟⃗ = (1 + 𝑡 )𝑖̂ − (𝑡 − 2)𝑗̂ + (1 + 𝑡)𝑘̂ And 𝑟⃗ = (2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ ) + 𝜇(2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ )
58. The scalar product of the vector 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ with the unit vector along the sum of the vectors 2𝑖̂ +
4𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ and 𝜆𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ is equal to 1. Find the value of ‘𝜆′
59. If 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝑎⃗| = 3, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 5, |𝑐⃗| = 7 then find the angle between 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗
60. Find the length of the foot of the perpendicular from the point (2, -1, 5) to the line
𝑥−11 𝑦+2 𝑧+8
= =
10 −4 −11
𝑥 𝑦−7 𝑧−7
61. Find the foot of the perpendicular from P(1, 2, 3) on the line − 2 = =
3 2 −2
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3
62. If the lines = = and = = are perpendicular, find the value of ‘k’.
−3 −2𝑘 2 𝑘 1 5

63. Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular and the length of the perpendicular drawn
from the point P(5, 4, 2) to the line 𝑟⃗ = (−𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ) + 𝜆(2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ ) . Also find the image of
P in this line.